1 (Introduction)

 Paraphrase the question and include some important information from the diagram: The
given / the supplied / the presented / the shown / the provided…………..
 represents/ depicts/presents/provides information on/ illustrates/shows/ compares/ shows
contrasts ………. Don’t write :- Describes/Demonstrates/Explains
 the comparison of /the differences /the number of /information on /data on /the proportion
of /the rate of /the rate of /the amount of /information on /data about...
Examples:
 The given pie chart illustrates the difference between ……….
 The supplied diagram represents the amount of beer and fish consumed in ……
 The provided graphs compare the major sources of income and expenditure in …
Para 2 (Overview)
 It is a summary paragraph-summarize important information in not more than two
sentences.
 Make this as short as possible.
 It represents the highest/lowest features or significant differences between categories.
 Use words to indicate this paragraph clearly--- In an overview/Overall/In general
Para 3 (Body Paragraph A)
 Describe the main feature included in overview paragraph. (2 long sentences or 3 short
sentences). Support your information with data compulsory in body paragraphs
Para 4 (Body Paragraph B)
 Describe remaining main features (2 long sentences or 3 short sentences) Support your
information with data compulsory in body paragraphs.

Useful Vocabulary
Unexpected change
 dramatic/dramatically / rapid/rapidly / sharp/sharply / quick/quickly / hurriedly /
speedy/speedily / swift/swiftly/ sharply/suddenly/ rapidly
Example:
 There is a dramatic growth/ a dramatic growth has been seen between 1980 to 2010 in
both income and expenditure in….
 Both the income and expenditure grew dramatically between
 Significant change: Support your information with data compulsory in body paragraphs
Example:
 A significant/considerable/marked growth of ……. is found in tourist arrival in 2010 in
comparison to/compared to 1980
 Arrival of tourists increased significantly/considerably/markedly in 2010 compared to
1980
Moderate change
 moderate/moderately/gradual/gradually/progressive/progressively /
Slight change
 Slight/slightly / slow/slowly / mild/mildly
Decrease
 fall / decrease / decline / plummet / plunge / drop / reduce/decline/ climb down
 a fall / a decrease / a reduction / a downward trends /a downward tendency / a decline/ a
drop
Steadiness
 unchanged / remain constant / remain steady /remain stable / remain static
 a steadiness/ a stability/ a static

Useful Phrases
to show an upward trend to stay constant to fluctuate wildly
to show a downward trend to reach a plateau to remain stable
to hit the highest point to level off to remain static
to hit the lowest point to flatten out the third highest
to reach a peak the highest compared to
to show some fluctuation the lowest compared with
to remain unchanged relative to

Rule of Approximation
65% about two-thirds of 1,043 over a thousand
28% just over a quarter of 115 over a hundred
21% about a fifth 9 fewer than ten
49% just under a half of 2 a small number
74% almost three-quarters of 4 a few
33.3333% a third of 6 several
92% most of 749,982 about three-quarters of a million
98.5% almost all 1,256,890,534 over 1.2 billion
Percentage proportion / number / amount / majority / minority
75% - 85% a very large majority

1 19.98% about a fifth of

2 101,997 about 100,000

5 248,112 a quarter of a million

6 1,695,193 about 1.7 million

7 48.873% almost a half of

8 97 just under a hundred

A Few Sentences:
1. There was as sharp decrease of the number of people attending the theatre over the
period.
2. The increase of the incidence in petty crime has continued in spite of the measures
introduced.
3. The charts indicate that the price of the various types of cares fell down considerably.
4. It was predicted that industrial production in western countries level out, while that in the
so-called Tiger economies will rise in the early 90’s.
5. The price of computers has dramatically reduced over the period.
6. As regarding the noise pollution, a pretty big rise in number of complaints was recorded
for 1997.
7. As it can be seen, the rate of increase slowed over the last five years of the period.
8. At 1974, its output began to stage a gradual recovery.
9. It is estimated that the number of cars on the road plunge when road prizing is introduced
10. Sales hit a peak in late summer and then felled back in the consequent months.
11. There was, according to the graph, no significant changes to sales from 1973 to 1978.
12. The main characteristic of the bar chart is the large drop in male students applying
13. The birth rate raised quite slowly over the period.

General Questions of Concern:

1. How many paragraphs should be there in Task 1?

There is no official rule about the number of paragraphs. But I recommend four or five
paragraphs to give our report structurally sound look.
2. Should we write conclusion?
Not necessary. If you write, it will not be wrong.
3. Can we start a sentence with number?
No, you must not.. if necessary use words in place of numbers
4. Can we write ‘above’ or below’ as in ‘The chart given below/above…?
No. absolutely not.
5. Which tense to use?
It depend on the date given in the figure. Use tense according to the date:
For Example:
 1980 to 2000 ---- past (grew/increased/there was/there were/there had been)
 1980 to 2030… past+future ( it was ….. in 1980 and is expected/ predicted/
estimated/forecast/hoped/ to reach ….. by 2030
 Use mostly present and present passive to describe process/life cycle:-In the
beginning an adult moth lays eggs. After sometime, when eggs are hatched………