CEE 4476b Winter 2013

Test #1 Page 1 of 3
FORMULA SHEET
q2
∂A ∂Q E =y+
+ =0 2gy 2
∂t ∂x

Q =V⋅ A " q 2 %1/ 3

yc = $ '
€
€ #g&
V
F=
gD 3
€ Ec = y
2 c
where D = A /B (hydraulic depth) €
1/ 2
€ V (4R) q = y [2g(E 1 − y)]
Re =
ν €
€ 2
yc = E
R = A /P 3 1
€
€ For non-rectangular channels:

€ [A] = Lx T y M z €
Q2
E = y+α
A = f (a1, a2 , a3 ,..., an ) 2gA 2
€ ΠA = ϕA (Π1, Π2 ,..., ΠN ) αQ 2 Bc
=1
€ € gAc3
N =n−m
€ α = 1 in prismatic channels
m = number of basic dimensions
€ Dc
€ E c = yc + , where Dc = Ac /Bc
2
V12 V2 €
€ y1 + = y 2 + 2 + Δz (energy equation)
2g 2g
Q2 € Q2 1 1 Q2
€ y1 + = Δz + y2 + + KL −
where Δz = z2 − z1 2gA12 2gA22 A22 A12 2g

€
V2 (contractions and expansions with head loss)
E = y +α
€ 2g €
b1
1−
where α = 1 in prismatic channels b2
KL =
b
€ 1+ 2
For rectangular channels: b1
€ q = Q /b
2
Q= 2gCdeLeH e3 / 2
€ 3

€
€
 CEE 4476b Winter 2013
Test #1 Page 2 of 3

H e = H + kH Le = L + kL Q = Cd Ac 2g(H e −y c )

#He & 0.018

Cd = % − 0.07(
€ € € $ l '

V02
He = H +
€ 2g

8 θ H L = ΔH a + ΔH f + ΔH ex
Q = Cde 2g tan H e5 / 2
15 2 € ΔH a
= 1 − (Cd )1 / u
H e = H + kh He
€
€
ld 1 $ Vc2 V2 ' $ l 'V2
ΔH f = f × && + t )) + f& t ) t
2g 2 % 4Rc 4Rt ( % 4Rt ( 2g
€ €

l
ld = 6P and lt = 10(P + ) − ld
€ 2

(Vc − Vt )2
€ ΔH ex = K ex , K ex = 0.66
€ 2g
1/2
2 "2 % 3/2
Q = CvCd $# '& LH
g H t max
3 3 ML =
He €
€
V02
He = H + Cv = (H e / H )3 / 2 H t actual ≤ H e − [1 − (Cd )1 / u ]H e − ΔH f − ΔH ex
€ 2g
€
Cd A∗
[Cv2 / 3
−1] 1/2
= €
€ A1 0.385Cv €

where A1 = L(H + P) and A∗ = LH

€

€ €
 CEE 4476b Winter 2013
Test #1 Page 3 of 3

Δρ V 2 Δρ V2 Newton’s Method:
gy1 + 1 = g(y 2 + Δz) + 2
ρ 2 ρ 2
F(y)
yi +1 = yi +
Δρ / ρ = ( ρ b − ρ a )/ ρ b F "(y)

€ % Δρ ( V2
g" = ' * g E" = y + Pertinent quantities:
€ & ρ ) 2g" €

V ρ = 1000 kg/m3 3
FD =
( g" y)1 /€2
€ g = 9.81 m/s2
€
" Fc % Q gA13 / 2 ν = 1 × 10 −6 m2 /s
$ ' = U QU =
€ # F1 &max QL B1
€
µ = 1 × 10 −3 Pa⋅ s
€
∑ Fx = ρQ(V€2 − V1) γ = ρg = 9810 N/m3
€
€
Fp = γhcA
€
€ 2
Q
M = Ahc +
€ gA

y12 y22 q2 # 1 1 &

− = % − ( (rectangular channel)
€ 2 2 g $ y2 y1 '

€
V1 y1 − V2 y2
Vs =
y2 − y1

(V1 + Vs )2 1 y2 " y2 %
= $1 + '
€ gy1 2 y1 # y1 &

M1 = M 4 + D / γ
€

D = CD ρA p V12 / 2
€
h1∗ = (y1 − y4 )
€