MEHB223, Semester I 2008/2009

Solution Question 1 (a):

d = 100 mm = 0.1 m, l = 0.2 m,

D = 100.5 mm = 0.1005 m, m = 0.35 Ns/m2 W = 20 N

Figure 1
l = 0.2 m

(i) Find shear stress

F
Formula for shear stress (Force): t = [1 mark]
A
Area, A = 2prl = pdl [1 mark]
W 20 N
Calculate shear stress, t= =
pdl p (0.1m)(0.2m)
t = 318.31N / m 2 [2marks]

(ii) Find velocity, V

du
Formula for shear stress (viscosity): t = m [1 mark]
dy
Gap, dy = 12 (100.5mm - 100mm ) = 0.25mm = 0.25 ´ 10 -3 m [2 marks]

tdy
Rearrange equation, V = [1 mark]
m
(318.31N / m 2 )(0.25 ´ 10 -3 m)
Calculate, V=
(0.35 Ns / m 2 )
V = 0.23m / s [2 marks]

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 MEHB223, Semester I 2008/2009

Solution Question 1 (b):

2U U
U = 3 m/s, h = 0.2 m, and u = y + 3 y2
h h

Figure 2

(i) Find du/dy equation:

du 2U 2U
Differentiate the above equation, = + 3 y [1 mark]
dy h h

(ii) Find shear stress at y = h:

Formula for shear stress:

du
t =m [1 mark]
dy
At y = h ,
du 2U 2U 2U æ 1ö
= + 2 = ç1 + ÷ [1 mark]
dy h h h è hø
Since h = 0.2 m,
du 2(3m / s ) æ 1 ö
= çç1 + ÷
dy (0.2 m) è (0.2m) ÷ø
= 30(1 + 5)
= 180 [2 marks]
Calculate shear stress,
t = (1.12 ´ 10 -3 N × s / m 2 )(180)
t = 0.2016N / m 2 [2 marks]

(iii) Find shear stress at y = 0:

At y = 0,
du 2U
= = 30 [1 mark]
dy h
Calculate shear stress,
t = (1.12 ´ 10 -3 N × s / m 2 )(30)
t = 0.0336N / m 2 [2 marks]

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 MEHB223, Semester I 2008/2009

Solution Question 2:

b = 2 m, a = 3 m, g = 12.4 kN/m3. ha = 7 m

Figure 3

7m

3m

60° 2m

(a) Find yc:

7m 7m
Calculate ya, sin 60 o = ® ya = = 8.08m [2 marks]
ya sin 60 o

a (3m)
Calculate yc: yc = y a - = (8.08m) -
3 3
yc = 7.08m [2 marks]

hc
(b) Find hc: sin 60 o = ® hc = y c sin 60 o = (7.08m) sin 60 o
yc

hc = 6.13m [2 marks]

(c) Find FR: FR = ghc A [1 mark]

Calculate area, A = 12 (2 m)(3m) = 3m 2 [1 mark]

Input values FR = (12.4 ´ 10 3 N / m 3 )(6.13m)(3m 2 )

FR = 228kN [1 mark]

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 MEHB223, Semester I 2008/2009

I xc
(d) Find yR: y R = + yc [1 mark]
yc A

ba 3 (2m)(3m) 3
Calculate Ixc, I xc = = = 1.5m 4 [2 marks]
36 36
(1.5m 4 )
Calculate yR, yR = + (7.08m)
(7.08m)(3m 2 )
= 0.0706m + 7.08m
y R = 7.15m [2 marks]

I xyc
(e) Find x R: x R = + xc [1 mark]
yc A

b 2 a 2 (2m) 2 (3m) 2
Calculate Ixyc, I xyc = = = 0.5m 4 [2 marks]
72 72
(0.5m 4 )
Calculate xR, xR = + (0.67m)
(7.08m)(3m 2 )
= 0.0235m + 0.67m
x R = 0.69m [2 marks]

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 MEHB223, Semester I 2008/2009

Solution Question 3(a):

(1)

D2 = 0.1 m
(2) V2

0.5 m
Figure 4

D3 = 0.3 m
(3) p3 = 50 kPa (gage)

Q
(i) Find V2.

Taking Bernoulli equation between point (2) and (3):

p 2 + 12 rV22 + gz 2 = p3 + 12 rV32 + gz 3 [1 mark]

p 2 = 0 , p 3 = 50 ´ 10 3 N / m 2

z 2 - z 3 = 0.5m [2 marks]

Rearranging gives:
rg ( z 2 - z 3 ) - p3 = 12 r (V32 - V22 ) [1 mark]

Since flowrate is the same throughout flow:

2
A æD ö
Q = A2V2 = A3V3 so, V3 = 2 V2 = çç 2 ÷÷ V2 [1 mark]
A3 è D3 ø
2
æ 0.1m ö
V3 = ç ÷ V2 = 0.11V2 [1 mark]
è 0.3m ø

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 MEHB223, Semester I 2008/2009

Insert values into above equation:

[
(1000kg / m 3 )(9.81m / s 2 )(0.5m) - (50kN / m 2 ) = 12 (1000kg / m 3 ) (0.11) 2 V22 - V22 ]
[1 mark]
4.905 ´ 10 3 N / m 2 - 50 ´ 10 3 N / m 2 = -0.49 ´ 10 3 V22

- 45.095 ´ 10 3
V2 = = 92.03 = 9.59m / s [1 mark]
- 0.49 ´ 10 3

(ii) Find Q.

Q = A2V2 = p (0.05m) 2 (9.59m / s ) = 0.0753m 3 / s [2 marks]

(iii) Find h.

Taking Bernoulli equation between (1) and (2):

p1 + 12 rV12 + gz1 = p 2 + 12 rV 22 + gz 2 [1 mark]

where p1 = p 2 = 0

z1 - z 2 = h

V1 = 0 [2 marks]
Rearranging gives:
rgh = 12 rV22 [1 mark]

rV22 V22
h= = [1 mark]
2 rg 2 g

(9.59m / s ) 2
=
2(9.81m / s )
h = 4.69m [1 mark]

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 MEHB223, Semester I 2008/2009

Solution Question 3(b):

Figure 5

B I (t + dt )
Show that: = ( rbAV ) 1 where B = mb
dt

B I (t + dt ) m1b1 (t + dt )
Since B = mb, = [1 mark]
dt dt
B I (t + dt ) r1"1b1 (t + dt ) r1b1d"1
Since m = r" , = = [1 mark]
dt dt dt
Since d" = A1dl1 = A1 (V1dt ) [1 mark]

B I (t + dt ) r1b1 A1 (V1dt )
Thus, = = ( rbAV )1 [1 mark]
dt dt

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 MEHB223, Semester I 2008/2009

Solution Question 4:

[rH2O = 1000 kg/m3]

V3 = 15 m/s
y A3 = 0.3 m2
FV
Figure 6
x
(3)
FH
A1 = 1 m2
V1 (1) (2)
p1 V2 = 15 m/s
A2 = 0.5 m2

(a) Find V1

òr òr
¶
Continuity equation, d" + (V .nˆ )dA = 0 [1 mark]
¶t cv cs

Apply CE, r (-V1 ) A1 + r (V2 ) A2 + r (V3 ) A3 = 0 [1 mark]

V2 A2 + V3 A3
Rearrange, V1 = [1 mark]
A1

(15m / s )(0.5m 2 ) + (15m / s )(0.3m 2 )

= [1 mark]
(1m 2 )
= 7.5m / s + 4.5m / s
V1 = 12m / s [1 mark]

(b) Find p1

0 0
BE from (1) & (3), p1 + rV + gz1 = p3 + 2 rV3 + gz 3
1
2 1
2 1 2
[1 mark]

Re-arrange, p1 = 12 r (V32 - V12 ) [2 marks]

= 12 (1,000kg / m 2 )(15 2 - 12 2 ) [1 mark]

p1 = 40.5kPa [1 mark]

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 MEHB223, Semester I 2008/2009

(c) FindFH
0
LME,
¶
¶t òr òr
V d" + V (V .nˆ )dA =
cv cs
å Fcv [1 mark]
0
Apply LME, V1 r (-V1 ) A1 + V2 r (V2 ) A2 = p1 A1 - p2 A2 - FH [1 mark]
0
Rearrange, FH = p1 A1 - p2 A2 + V12 rA1 - V22 rA2 [1 mark]

= (40.5 ´ 10 3 N / m 2 )(1m 2 )

+ (12m / s ) 2 (1,000kg / m 3 )(1m 2 )

- (15m / s ) 2 (1,000kg / m 3 )(0.5m 2 )

= 40.5kN + 144 kN - 112.5kN [2 marks]
FH = 72kN (to the left) [1 mark]

(d) Find FV

Apply LME, V3 r (V3 ) A3 = - FV [1 mark]

Rearrange, FV = -V32 rA3 [1 mark]

= - (15m / s ) 2 (1,000kg / m 3 )(0.3m 2 ) [1 mark]

FV = -67.5kN (upwards) [1 mark]

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 MEHB223, Semester I 2008/2009

Solution Question 5:

[gravity, g = 9.81m/s2, rH2O = 1,000 kg/m3]

Figure 7
(2)

(1)

z2 = 13 m
Q = 0.1 m3/s
z1 = 10 m
D = 15 cm
V Pump

Tank 1 40 m 40 m Tank 2

(a) Find velocity V

Q Q (0.1m 3 / s )
Q = VA ® V = = 2 =
A pr p (0.075m) 2
V = 5.66m / s [3 marks]

(b) Find hP and pump’s power, P (f = 0.016)

0 2 0 0 0 0
p1 V1 p 2 V22 L V2 V2
EE, + +z +h = + + z2 + f + KL
g 2 g 1 P g 2g D 2g 2g

LV2
Rearrange, hP = ( z 2 - z1 ) + f [3 marks]
D 2g

(80m) (5.66m / s ) 2
= (13m - 10m) + (0.016)
(0.15m) 2(9.81m / s 2 )
= 3m + 13.93m
hP = 16.93m [3 marks]

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 MEHB223, Semester I 2008/2009

Power, P = hP rgQ

= (16.93m)(1000kg / m 3 )(9.81m / s 2 )(0.1m 3 / s )

P = 16.6 kW [3 marks]

(c) Find hP and the pump’s power, P (KL = 1.1)

0 2 0 0 0
p1 V1 p 2 V22 L V2 V2
EE, + +z +h = + + z2 + f + KL
g 2 g 1 P g 2g D 2g 2g

V2 æ L ö
Rearrange, hP = ( z 2 - z1 ) + çf + KL ÷ [3 marks]
2g è D ø
(5.66m / s ) 2 é (80m) ù
= 3m + 2 ê
(0.016) + 1.1ú
2(9.81m / s ) ë (0.15m) û
= 3m + 1.63m(8.53 + 1.1)
= 3m + 15.7 m
hP = 18.7 m [3 marks]

Power, P = hP rgQ

= (18.7m)(1000kg / m 3 )(9.81m / s 2 )(0.1m 3 / s )

P = 18.34kW [2 marks]

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