Week 8 Lecture 14

Monday, March 4, 2013 CEE 4476b: Environmental hydraulics design

CEE 4476b
Environmental Hydraulics Design Today’s lecture
•  Hydraulic structures
–  Spillways
Instructor: Dr. Andrew Binns

Email: abinns2@uwo.ca
Office: CMLP 1302
Phone: (519) 661-2111 ext.
88633

From: http://www.cee.mtu.edu/

Spillways Spillways
•  Spillways are used at large and small dams to World’s 12th highest
pass flood flows earthen dam
–  Prevent overtopping of
Philippines
dam
–  Prevent failure of dam

•  Primary importance
–  Head-discharge relationship
for the structure
Spillways Spillways
•  Pressure distribution on the face of the spillway •  Concrete Ogee spillway
is also very important –  Transfer large flood discharges safely from reservoir
to downstream river
–  Associated with significant changes in elevation
–  Associated with relatively high velocities
•  Due to possibility of
cavitation and failure of
spillway surface

Spillways Spillways
•  Concrete Ogee spillway •  Coefficient of discharge of weir
–  Recall sharp-crested weird equation
H = head above the spillway
(measured relative to spillway crest)

€
–  For very high spillway, contribution of H/P becomes
negligible
•  Cd approaches 0.611

•  The value of H in this equation is equal to H’

Fig. 6.1 (Sturm) •  We are interested primarily in H
Spillways Spillways
•  Coefficient of discharge of weir •  Coefficient of discharge of weir (C)
–  Recall sharp-crested weird equation For lower spillways:

- Effect of approach
H velocity
Cd = 0.611+ 0.08 - Vertical contraction of
P
water surface

–  For H (measured relative to ogee spillway crest) - Design value of

€d = 0.728 because H = 0.89H’
•  C discharge coefficient
is valid for one
•  In British units, C takes on value of 3.9
specific valid of head
(design head Hd)
–  For lower spillways, additional consideration go into
the determination of Cd Fig. 6.2 (Sturm)

Spillways Spillways
•  Coefficient of discharge of weir (C) For lower
For lower spillways: spillways:

Other important - Effect of

parameters heads other
than the
He = actual total head design head
taken into
P = height of spillway account by
crest He/Hd

L = net effective crest Hd = design

length total head
Spillways Spillways
•  Coefficient of discharge of weir (C) •  Sloping upstream face
–  Can be used to prevent separation eddy that might
occur on vertical face of low spillway
–  Causes increase in discharge coefficient C for
P/Hd <= 1.0
In English units
•  Q in ft3/s
•  He in ft
•  L (= net effective crest length) in ft

Dimensionless coefficient of g!is!in!

English!units!!
discharge Cd: Fig. 6.2 (Sturm)

Spillways Spillways
•  Crest length •  Crest length
–  Effective crest length L –  Effective crest length L

–  L’ = actual crest length

–  N = number of piers –  Kp = pier contraction
coefficient
–  Lateral contraction
caused by piers and Kp = 0.02 (square nose piers)
abutments tends to
Kp = 0.01 (round nose)
reduce the actual crest
length L to its effective Kp = 0 (pointed nose)
value
Spillways Spillways
•  Crest length •  COE (Corps of Engineers) design method
–  Effective crest length L –  Method takes advantage of higher spillway
efficiency achieved for heads greater than Hd
(design head)
–  “Under-designing the spillway crest”
•  Selecting a design head that is less than the maximum
–  Ka = abutment contraction head to compute the spillway crest shape
coefficient •  Sub-atmospheric pressures on face of spillway do not
r!=!radius!of!curvature! exceed one half of the design head if:
Ka = 0.20 (square abutment)
Ka = 0.10 (rounded abutment with
0.15Hd <= r <= 0.5Hd)
Ka = 0 (well-rounded abutment with r > 0.5Hd)

Spillways
•  COE (Corps of Engineers) design method
Gives!the!actual!pressure!
distribu7on!on!a!high!
spillway!with!no!piers!for!
H/Hd!varying!from!0.5!!!!!!!
to!1.5!
! rather than a fixed value of He/Hd
Where!H!=!He&
Spillways
•  COE (Corps of Engineers) design method
–  COE now recommends a more conservative
design procedure of not allowing pressure to fall
below (-15 ft)
•  In this approach, the minimum allowable pressure
becomes the controlling feature of design of spillway

Hp!=!pressure!head!=!p/γ"

At!H/Hd!=!1.00,!pressures!
are!very!close!to!
Fig. 6.3 (Sturm) atmospheric!
Spillways
•  COE (Corps of Engineers) design method
Fig. 6.3 (Sturm)
Spillways
•  COE (Corps of Engineers) design method
–  “Upstream quadrant”
•  Constructed from a
compound circular curve
Fig. 6.3 (Sturm)
Spillways
•  COE (Corps of Engineers) design method
–  Once the design head (Hd) is determined, the actual
shape of the spillway crest downstream of the apex
can be determined:
•  “Downstream quadrant”
Spillways
•  COE (Corps of Engineers) design method
–  Elliptical shape – quarter of an ellipse
•  Tangent to the upstream face
Spillways Spillways
•  COE (Corps of
Engineers) design
method
–  Elliptical shape –
quarter of an ellipse

Example Solution
For a maximum discharge of 200,000 cfs (5666 m3/s)
and a maximum total head on the spillway crest of 64 ft
(19.5 m), determine:
-  Crest length with no piers
-  The minimum pressure on the crest
-  The discharge at the design head for the standard
WES ogee spillway
The height of the spillway crest, P, is 60 ft (18 m).
Solution Solution

Solution
Lecture recap
•  At the end of this
lecture, you should be
able to:
–  Design spillways
following the COE
method
•  Rounded crest
•  Quarter-elliptical crest
Suggested readings:
Chapter 6 (p. 229-238) in
Open Channel Hydraulics
by Sturm
Tutorial:
Work on Assignment #6
Upcoming deadline:
Assignment #6
Monday, March 11, 2013
Laboratory Design Project
Progress Report
Monday, March 11, 2013