Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Inspired by the successor of the Conditional cash

Transfer of similar programs of Latin American Countries

such as BolsaFamilia in Brazil, Gamilias en Accion in

Columbia, opportunidades in Mexico and African countries in

which CCT has been proven successful as poverty alleviation

and social development measure, the Administration of

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo launched “Ahon Pamilyang

Pilipino” (AAP) program. It is poverty program in achieving

the Millennium Development Goals of poverty alleviation and

empowers the poor. The AAP is a poverty reduction strategy

that provides money to the extreme poor or food poor

households to allow members of the families to meet certain

human development goals. It is focused on building human

capital of poorest families as health, nutrition and

education because low schooling and high malnutrition rate

are strongly associated with poverty cycle in the

Philippines.

The Ahon Pilipino Program objective is to low

educational achievement, high levels of infant morality

rates, high malnutrition and high malnutrition and high

rate of child abuse among the poor. The beneficiaries of

this program are the poorest house holds in the country

wherein they are selected based on scoring system utilized

the socio-economic characteristics of household such as

non-ownerships of assets, appliances, type of housing unit,

level of educational attainment of house hold head and non-

access to water and sanitation facilities.

The conditional cash Transfer program has three (3)

stages of implementation. The pilot stage is from June to

December 2007 targeting six thousand (6000) households from

the municipalities of Ezperanza and sibagat in Agusan Del

Sur, from the municipalities of Loez Jeana and Bonifacio in

Misamis Oriental from Pasay and Caloocan cities in Metro

Manila. Implementation stage starts on January 2008 with

123 poor house hold nationwide. Since the program is slated

to run for five(5)years, legislation has been proposed to

institutionalize the program. A bill authored by Senator

Miriam Defensor Santiago was originally filed during the

fourteenth congress, third regular session and on the

fifteenth congress, first regular session wherein it was

enacted as Senate Bill No. 3412 or the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program (4P`s)Act of 2010. The bill is to

institutionalize the program by formally making it the

National Conditional Fund Transfer. (Defensor 14th congress,

3rd regular session 2009); According to 2006 Annual Poverty

Statistics of the National Statistical Coordination Board,

27.9 million Filipinos or 1/3 of the entire population are

poor. To address this problem, A National Inter- agency

Council composed of the Department of Social Welfare

(DSWD)as chair together with partner agencies the

Department of Education (DepEd), Department of Health

(DOH), National Anti- Poverty Commission (NAPC), National

Development Economic Development and Local Government

Unit’s (LGU’s) to implement the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program or 4P’s.

An initial study of the pilot ares of the Ahon Pamilya

Program (AAP) shows promising results. In Experanza and

Sibagat Agusan del Sur for example, two (2) of the pilot

areas of the 4P`S, elementary enrollment has increased by

fifteen (15) percent. Children covered by the program had

higher attendance compared to the general population.

Article II, Section 9 on State Policies of the Philippine

Constitution provides that “The State shall promote just

and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity

and independence of the people and free that people from

poverty through policies that provide adequate social

services, promote full employment, a rising standard of

living and an improved quality of life for all.” The

aforementioned was enough to inspire legislators to amend

and paved the birth of “An Act to Reduce Poverty and

Promote Human Development through the creation of a

National Conditional Fund Transfer Program” – Authored by

Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago. The act is known as the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program Act of 2010.

In the Philippines, 4P’s serves as a vehicle for

combating the poverty cycle in Filipino households. It is a

flagship poverty alleviation project of DSWD, and embodies

its vision, mission and mandate. It reinforces the role of

the DSWD as head agency in championing social welfare

development, and achieving the country’s Millennium

Development Goals (MDG) on poverty reduction and

empowerment of the poor which include: Eradication of

extreme poverty and hunger; Achieve universal primary

education; Promote gender equality and empower women;

Reduce child mortality and Improve maternal health. It

focuses on the more disadvantages sectors of society by

providing faster and better social protection through

improved and appropriate models and programs. The

government is set to expand its core social development

strategy, the Aquino Administration’s Conditional Cash

Transfer (CCT) Program by including in its coverage

children 14-18 years old of its 3.9 million family-

beneficiaries to help them finish high school. About 2.2

million children are expected to benefit from the age

expansion. With the age expansion starting in school year

2014-2015, each child age 14-18 would get an additional P

500.00. this would help ensure an increase in high school

graduation rate. The Government allotted P62.6 billion

budget in 2014 to fund the 4P’s expansion among high school

students.

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is the only

social program in the Philippines in which control and

accountability mechanisms are embedded in one progress

design. The centered efforts and commitment of the

department of Social Welfare and Development and its

partner institutions in implementing the pilot program and

establishing the household targeting system were critical

to the program extension. (Fernandez, Olindo)

Conceptual Framework

The real intention of the law is to provide a just and

dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and

independence of the nation and free the people from poverty

through policies that provide adequate total social

services and improve life.

To give priority to education and health of children,

accelerate social progress and promote total human

liberation and development. It further aims to protect life

of mother and their children; to promote gender equality

and empower women.

In general, the objectives of the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program (4P’s) are Social assistance – to provide

cash assistance poverty cycle through investments in human

capital.

In the selection of target areas, priority is given to

the poorest municipalities as determined by the National

Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR).

Priority shall be given to cities Anti-Poverty Estimates

(NAPC) and or the Presidential Commission on Urban Poor

(PCLUP). Eligible Households to qualify as beneficiary must

the requirement of the program.

All beneficiaries should comply with the following

conditions for continued eligibility and to avail of the

cash grants: Pregnant women should visit their local health

center to avail pre and post natal care starting from the

first trimester of pregnancy, and be attended by a skilled/

trained professional during a child birth; Parents or

guardians must attend responsible family development

sessions; children 0-5 years old must receive regular

preventive health check-ups and vaccines; children 3-5

years old must attend Day Care or pre-school classes at

least 85% of the time; children 6-14 years old must enroll

in elementary or high school and maintain a class

attendance rate of at least 85% per month; children 6-14

years old must avail of deworming pills twice a year.

Failure to comply with the conditions warrants suspensions

and/ or removal of the beneficiary from the program.

Beneficiaries shall receive both health grant

amounting to six thousand (Php 6, 000.00) per year or P500

per month intended for health and nutrition needs of the

family such as food, medicine, and vitamins and an

educational grant of three thousand (Php 3,000.00) or P300

per month per child for 10 months a year, to a maximum of 3

children per household. These grants are released every two

months to beneficiary household for the duration of their

participation in the program, subject to their compliance

with the program conditions.

The grants rates may be adjusted by the DSWD if

warranted by the socio-economic conditions existing at the

time and ensure that the grant are sufficient to make a

positive impact on health, education and nutrition

conditionalities, provided the DSWD shall ensure that the

grant will not serve as disincentive for family members to

work and improve their economic conditions.

 DSWD Assec. Taradji: (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program 2011 Thrust and Directions) presented that the

program is focus on strengthening the programs systems and

components to affect responsive and timely delivery of

services to beneficiaries and to ensure its transparent and

just implementation. According to Taradji, one of the major

priorities of the Pantawid Pamilya is the completion of the

2.3 million household beneficiaries from the 936

municipalities, 14 cities and 79 provinces nationwide.

The Pantawid Program that is under implementation as

of June 2012 it operates in all the 17 regions in the

Philippines, covering 79 provinces, 1,261 municipalities

and 138 key cities. It has 3,014,586 registered households.

As of June 24, 2015, there are 4, 436, 732 registered

household-benefiries, of which 555,86` are indigenous

households and 221,145 have at least one person with

disability (PWD). The program also covers 10,888,887 school

children aged 0 to 18, from the total registered with an

average of two to three children per household.

In Luzon, CAR Region has the most prioritized region

to be covered. CAR Region and its constituents of six (6)

provinces and two (2) cities are all covered with the

Pantawid Program. These are as follows with the

corresponding number of household beneficiaries: Abra-11,

952, Apayap-7, 2015, Baguio City- 986, Benguet-10,127,

program has its respective municipalities of beneficiaries

of the Pantawid Program.

In Kalinga Province, all of its eight (8)

Municipalities are recipients of the Pantawid Program.

Paradigm shows the direction of the study, the

independent variables include the intent of implementation

of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the

Municipality of Balbalan, Kalinga and the degree of

seriousness of problems encountered in the implementation

of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the

Municipality of Balbalan, Kalinga.

The researcher is interested to the investigation

because it is part of the social action function to help

those marginalized sector

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

1. Level of attainment of

the objectives of the

4Ps.

2. Extent of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program in the Municipality
implementation of the of Balbalan, Kalinga.

Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program “Level

of attainment of the

objectives of the 4P’s.

3. Degree of seriousness

of problems encountered

in the implementation of

the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program.

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

 The Problem

Statement of the Objective and Null Hypothesis

The study centers on the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program in the Municipality of Balbalan.

The specific questions are:

1. To determine the extent of implementation of the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the

Municipality of Balbalan, Kalinga.

1.1 To find if there is significant difference in the

perceptions of the respondents on the extent of

implementation of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program in the Municipality of Balbalan, Kalinga.

1.2 There is no significant difference in the

perception of the respondents on th extent of

implementation of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program in the Municipality of Balbalan, Kalinga.

2. To gauge the degree of seriousness of problems

encountered in the implementation of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the Municipality of

Balbalan, Kalinga.

2.1 To find the degree of seriousness of problems

encountered in the implementation of the Pantawid

 Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the Municipality of

Balbalan, Kalinga.

2.2 There is no significant difference in the

perception of the respondents on the degree of

seriousness of problems encountered in the

implementation of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program in the Municipality of Balbalan, Kalinga.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined for better

understanding of their use in the study:

Alleviation. Involves improving the living conditions

of people who are already poor. The act of reducing

the poverty that is experiencing by the 4P’s

beneficiaries.

Beneficiaries. These are the residents of the

Municipality of Balbalan who are recipients of the

pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.

Compliance. The act of complying, a disposition to

yield to or to comply with others.

Grant. A sum of money given by an organization,

especially a government, for a particular purpose.

Poverty. Is the state of human beings who are poor.

That is, they have little or no material of surviving

 - Little or no food, shelter, clothes, health care,

education, and other physical means of living and

improving one’s life.

Importance of the study

The result will benefit the following:

4P’s Implementers/ Policy matters. The result will give

more insights for in the implementation of the program.

Defects in implementation can be corrected by the facts

gathered from the ground.

4p’s beneficiaries/ Commit. The beneficiaries will

understand more the real purpose of the program that is to

improve the lives of those who are poorest of the poor.

The Researcher. This study will help the writer in

preparing recommendation to the improvement of the

Implementation of Pantawid pamilyang Pilipino Program in

the Municipality of Balbalan.

Future Researcher. This study may also be the basis for

similar studies in other educational institution dealing

with the same research.

SAC.
 Chapter 2

Design and Methodology

This chapter presents the research design, locale and

population of the study, the data gathering

instruments, validity and reliability of the

instrument data gathering procedures, treatment of

data, and statistical tools used in analyzing the

data.

Research Design

The descriptive-survey method will be used as it

gathers information on the implementation of the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the Muncipality

of Balbalan kalinga including the degree of

seriousness of problems encountred in the

implementation of the Pantawid pamilyang Pilipino

Program.

Locale and Population of the Study

In the olden Kalinga days when headhunting was a way

of life and tribal wars were common, the people of

northern Kalinga were prone to carrying out their

headhunting trade in southern Kalinga. In this trade,

headhunters in Kalinga had to cross a saddle like

portion of a mountain where a creek of ice water

constantly flowed.

During these headhunting forays, a densely forested

area was designated as the converging area for these

warriors who came from different places. It was here

where they decided how to attack a village. This same

area was used as rendezvous after an attack since

retreat was undertaken in all directions to mislead

the enemy. While resting and waiting for their

companions, these warriors would wash or in kalinga

“Balbalan”. Their creek including its vicinity came to be

called “Balbalan”. During the American occupation, Kalinga

was divided into townships (municipal district) and one of

these was Balbalan. It was established as a municipality on

June 1963. Through the years, changes in the composition of

the districts were initiated so that the site at Salegseg.

The municipality is composed of fourteen (14) barangays and

are as follows: Ababa-an, Balantoy, Balbalan Proper,

Balbalasang, Buaya, Dao-angan, Gawa-an,Mabaca, Maling,

Pantikian,Poblacion (Salegseg) , Poswoy, Tanglag.Balbalan

is rugged tableland on the Cordillera Central Range that

sprawls in a descending eastward direction, in massive

mountain alluvial fashion. It has a total land area of

51,900 hectares and is approximately 70 kilometers away

from the capital town of Tabuk. It has six prominent

mountain peaks with altitudes ranging from 2000 meters to

2,300 meters above sea level. It has two rivers, Saltan and

Mabaca, with headwaters from the Cordilleras and

tributaries drain cascading eastward to join the Chico

River then the Cagayan River. It is bounded on the north by

the municipality of Conner, on the south by the

municipality of Pasil, on the east by the municipality of

Pinikpok and the west by the province of Abra. The climate

prevailing in this area is classified under Type III

characterized by a short dry season and a pronounced wet

season. The dry season starts from the early part of

January and Lasts up to Late part of Ma. The wet season

starts from the Late part of May and ends up to Late part

of December. A total of 5,432.35 hectares is devoted to

agriculture of which 15.49% are rice fields, 4.26% are for

orchard and the remaining 80.25% are devoted to diversified

crafts. Of the total Rice lands, 882 hectares are irrigated

and approximately 20 hectares are not. Agricultural

products produced in the municipality are rice, coffee,

root crops and vegetables of various kinds. Balbalan is

blessed with living waters, rich mineral resources,

unchartered caves, lush green forests and endemic flora and

fauna all nested in its cool and verdant mountains. To this

day astounding developments have made its way through this

mountain ridges that could be at par what world – known

scenic spots where every traveler would feel safe and at

home. The Municipality belongs to the 4th class category of

municipalities with background agricultural economy. The

municipal town site is Poblacion, Salegseg wherein the

Municipal Hall, Central School, STS Salegseg, KANAS

Balbalan Annex, Western Kalinga District Hospital, Rural

Health Unit, PNP Station and other agency offices situated.

Poblacion, Salegseg is accessible to-weather road and by

all kinds of vehicles. Only 4 barangays are inaccessible to

vehicular transportation due to its high terrain and no

farm to market road meanwhile, Buaya is the farthest

barangay and has an ongoing farm to market road

construction. The energization of the municipality started

2014 by the KAELCO in the 3 Barangays (Balbalan Proper,

Balantoy and Poblacion Salegseg. Some of its barangays are

also using micro hydro. Its communication development has

been in operation with the installation of the globe and

smart cell site within the vicinity of the municipal town

hall.

Discuss why balbalan has that # 9 PPPP beneficiaries.

The respondents of the study will consist of two groups.

The first group will be represented by the personnel of the

Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office of Balbalan

comprising Ten (10). The second group will be the

beneficiaries of the 4P`S in the municipality of Balbalan

Kalinga consisting of 858 households. The population of the

study is reflected in Table 1.

Table 1. Population of the Study

Respondent Groupings Number of Respondents

Municipal Social Welfare and

Development Office 10

4P`S Beneficiaries 858

Total 868

Data Gathering Instruments

The basic instrument that will be used in gathering

data

Will be the survey questionnaire. Copies of the

questionnaire. Will be distributed simultaneously to

the respondents when they will be readily available.

Validity and reliability of the Instrument

The questionnaire was presented to my adviser

after which, suggestions were given for

incorporations.

Part 2 of the questionnaire was lifted from the

4Ps Implementation Manual 2010 prescribed by the

Department of Social Welfare and Development, Policy

Research Division.

Part 3 was culled out from the work of Dangiwan

(2013) with slight variation to fit to the respondent

and research site of the present stud. Others were

gathered from the parents –leaders and parent of

beneficiaries. The tool being used by other

researchers, it is presumed valid and reliable.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researcher will seek the permission of the

Municipal Mayor of Balbalan channeled to the office of

Municipal DSWD an authority to conduct the study

especially that the personnel of said office are

included as respondents. The researcher also seeks

permission of the barangay Captains of each barangay

with 4P`s beneficiaries. The study questionnaire will

be personally floated by the researcher to have an

opportunity to explain to the respondents any queries

on the items in the survey questionnaire and to inform

them of the confidentially of their answer so that

they will be comfortable to answer all the questions.

The answered questionnaire will be personally

retrieved by researcher.
Treatment of Data

The Three-Point Liker Scale will be used in the

interpretation of the result of the study:

A. level of implementation of objectives and Goals of

the Pantawid Pamilyanf Pilipino Program in the

Municipality of Balbalan.

Arbitrary

Limit Description Symbol

Values

3 2.34-3.00 Very Much Implemented VMI

2 1.67-2.33 Moderately Implemented MOI

1 1.00-1.6 Less Implemented LI

B. Level 9 Attachment

C. Degree of seriousness of the Problems Encountered

in the Implement of 4P`s in the Municipality of

Balbalan.

Arbitrary

Values Limit Description Symbol

3 2.34-3.00 Much Serious MS

2 1.67-2.33 Moderately Serious MOS

1 1.00-1.66 Less Serious LS

Statistical Tools Used

Weighted Mean. This is introduction used to

determine the level of responses of the respondents of

the study.

t-Test of Independence This will be used to prove

the null hypothesis that there are no significant

difference on the perceptions of the two groups of

respondents in the implementation of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the Municipality of

balbalan and the degree of seriousness encountered in

the implantation. The formula is as follows (Manglaps&

Francisco, 2012):

t-test = (SS1+SS2) √ 1 + 1
N1 N2-2 N1 N2

Where:

T = t-test

X1 = mean of group 1

X2 = mean of group 2

SS1 = the sum of squares in group 1

SS2 = the sum of squares in group 2

N1 = the number of observation in group 1

 N2 = the number of observation in group 2

The null hypothesis is rejected if the computed

t-value is greater than the tabular value at .05 level

of significance. Conversely, the null hypothesis is

accepted if the t-value is lower than the tabular

value at .05 level of significance.

 REFERENCES

http://www.dswd.gov.ph/- Department of DB-Mayler G.

Amlota, retrieved August, 23, 2015.

Sagayo, J. (2014) .Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program: Its

Implications to the Social Service and Education in Pasil,

Kalinga. St. Louis College, Bulanao, tabuk City.

Fernandez, Luisa & Olfindo, Rosechin: Overview of the

Philippine Conditional Cash Transfer Program

http://www.gov.ph/programs/ conditional-cash- transfer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantwid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program

Proposed Survey questionnaire

PART 1: Personal Information:

Name: (optional)

Address:

Directions: Please put a check (/) mark on the space

where you belong.

[ ] 4P`s Beneficiary

[ ] MSWD Personnel

PART 2: Questionnaire Proper:

1. Extent of implementation of objectives and Goals of

the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the
Municipality of Balbalan.
Directions. Please put a check (/) mark on the space
that corresponds your answer by using the scale below

Arbitrary Limits Description Symbol

Values

3 2.34-3.00 Very Much Implemented VMI

2 1.67-2.33 Moderately Implement MOI

1 1.00-1.66 Less Implement LI

Indicators VMI MOI LI

1. Improve preventive health care
among pregnant women and young
children.
2. Increase the enrolment and
attendance rate of children in
school.
3. Reduce incident of child labor
4. To raise the average household
consumption in food expenditure of
poor household.
5. Encourage parents to invest in
their children’s and their own
human capital through investments
in their health, education and
nutrition and participation to
community activities.
Part 2

2. Degree of seriousness of the Problems encountered

in the Implementation of the 4P’s in the Municipality

of Balbalan, Kalinga.

Directions: Please put a check (/) mark on the space

that corresponds your answer by using the scale below.

Arbitrary Limits Description

Symbol

Values

3 2.34-3.00 Much Serious MS

2 1.67-2.33 Moderately Serious MOS

1 1.00-1.66 Less Serious LS

Problem Indicators MS MOS LS

1. Complaint of an individuals or
households excluded from the
beneficiary list who feels they
should be included in the program.
2. Irregular participation of
parent beneficiaries during
meetings.
3. Using children’s allowance in
buying other things instead of
school and nutritional needs.
4. Not obeying the parent leader as
the MSWD support staff.
5. Not attending family counseling
6. Some beneficiaries are not
really poor or indigent.
7. Difficulty in obtaining
allowance.
8. Delayed giving of allowance.
9. Problems with ATM cards or
alternative payment systems.
10. No follow-up or monitoring of
children’s performance in school.
11. Discrepancy and inconsistency
in the selection of beneficiaries.
12. Parents of beneficiaries do not
participate in community meeting
and school activities.