Total No. of Questions : 10] SEAT No.

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P1700 [Total No. of Pages : 4

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T.E. (Mech.)

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TURBO MACHINES

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(2015 Pattern) (Semester - I)

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Time : 2½ Hours] [Max. Marks : 70
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Instructions to the candidates:/20
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1) Answer Q.1 or Q.2, Q.3 or Q.4, Q.5 or Q.6, Q.7 or Q.8, Q.9 or Q.10.
2) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
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3) Use of scientific calculator is allowed.

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4) Use of steam table is permitted.

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5) Assume data whenever necessary.

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6) Due credit will be given to neat figures wherever necessary.

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Q1) a) A jet has a direct impact on a series of flat plate vanes mounted over the
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periphery of a large wheel. Determine the force of impact and the work
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done per second. [4]

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b) A pelton wheel has to develop 13250 kW under a net head of 800 m at a

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speed of 600 rpm. The coefficient of velocity for the jet is 0.97. The
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peripheral velocity is 0.46 2gH. The diameter of the jet is not to exceed
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one sixteenth the wheel diameter. Find the discharge, the wheel diameter,
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the jet diameter and the number of jets required. Assume the overall tic
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efficiency to be 85%. [6]
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Q2) a) What are surge tanks? What is the role of surge tank in hydro electric
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power plant? [4]

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b) A jet of water discharges 140N per second at 40 m/s in the direction

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making 30º to the direction of a series of curved vanes moving at 17.50

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m/s. If the outlet angle of the vane is 20º, determine : [6]

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i) The inlet vane angle of the vanes so that there is no shock at entry.
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ii) The direction of flow at outlet

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iii) The work done per second

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P.T.O.
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Q3) a) A turbine was originally installed at the tail water level. If it is now proposed

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to place it above the tail water level without any decrease in head on the

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turbine, how this can be achieved? [4]

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b) Find the main dimensions and blade angles for an inward flow reaction
turbine to the following data:

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Velocity of flow through runner is constant; Speed = 950 rpm; Head on

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the turbine = 105 m; Output = 800kW; Guide blade angle at inlet = 18º;

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Inner diameter = 0.6 Outer diameter; Hydraulic efficiency = 88%; Overall

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efficiency = 80%; Breadth at inlet = 0.10 times the inlet diameter; 6 % of
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the circumferential area of the runner is blocked by vane thickness; the
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turbine discharges radially at outlet. [6]

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Q4) a) What do you mean by characteristic curves of a turbine? Why these are
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important? [4]
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b) A propeller turbine runner has an external diameter of 5 m and the diameter
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at hub is 2 m. The turbine has to develop a shaft power of 29430 kW
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under a head of 25 m at a speed of 160 rpm. If the hydraulic efficiency is
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95% and the overall efficiency is 85%, determine the runner vane angles
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at inlet and outlet at mean diameter and at extreme edge of the runner.
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Assume that the turbine discharges without whirl at outlet. [6]

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Q5) a) Explain the pressure compounded impulse turbine showing pressure and
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velocity variations along the axis of the turbine. [6]
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b) In a single stage steam turbine saturated steam at 10 bar (absolute) is

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supplied through a convergent divergent steam nozzle. The nozzle angle

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is 20º and the mean blade speed is 400 m/s. The steam pressure leaving
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the nozzle is 1 bar (absolute). Find:

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i) The best blade angles if the blades are equiangular

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ii) The maximum power developed by the turbine if a number of nozzles

used are 5 and the area at the throat of each nozzle is 0.6 cm2.
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Assume nozzle efficiency 88%, blade friction coefficient of 0.87 and

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index of expansion n = 1.4. Solve using graphical method. [10]

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Q6) a) Enumerate the energy losses in steam turbine. [6]

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b) A 50% reaction turbine (with symmetrical velocity triangles) is running at
400 rpm has the exit angle of blades as 20º and the velocity of the steam

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relative to the blades at the exit is 1.35 times the mean blade speed. The

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steam flow rate is 8.33 kg/s and at a particular stage the specific volume

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is 1.381 m3/kg. Calculate for the stage : [10]

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i) A suitable blade height, assuming the rotor mean diameter 12 times

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the blade height.

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ii) The diagram work.
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Q7) a) Define maximum suction lift. State the expression to calculate it. What
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factors affect its values? [6]

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b) The effective inlet and outlet radial area of flow of a centrifugal pump are

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respectively 645 cm2 and 580 cm2, the water entering with the radial velocity
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of 5.50 m/s. The impeller vanes are set back at an angle of 45º to the tangent
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at outlet. The outer peripheral velocity is 27.50 m/s and manometric efficiency
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is 80%. Assuming the losses of head due to friction are i) between suction
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flange and impeller inlet = 3.05 m ii) Through impeller = 4.80 m iii) between
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guide vanes and delivery flange = 1.52 m and that at the outlet velocity from
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the guides is two-fifths of the inlet velocity to them. Find 1) The loss of head
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due to friction in guides vanes. 2) The guide vane efficiency. [12]

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Q8) a) What is cavitation? Explain the phenomenon of cavitation. State some

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methods of eliminating or reducing cavitation. [6]
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b) Show that the rise in the pressure in the impeller of a centrifugal pump is
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given by Vf12 + u22 − Vf 22 cos ec 2φ

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2g
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A centrifugal pump has an impeller if internal diameter 125 mm and exit

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diameter 250 mm and rotates at 1800 rpm. The absolute velocity of

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water at inlet is radial and the vanes are bent back at an angle of 30º to the
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tangent at discharge. The breadth of the impeller at inlet and outlet are
12.5 mm and 6.25 mm respectively. Determine the rise in pressure head
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as water passes through the impeller neglecting losses. The discharge of

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the pump is 8.5 lit/sec. [12]

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Q9) a) Describe axia1 flow compressor with velocity diagrams. [6]

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b) A centrifugal compressor running at 10000 rpm delivers 660 m3/min of

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free air. The air is compressed from 1 bar and 20°C to a pressure ratio

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of 4 with an isentropic efficiency of 82%. Blades are radial at outlet of
the impeller and the flow velocity of 62 m/s may be assumed throughout

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constant. The outer radius of the impeller is twice the inner and the slip

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factor may be assumed as 0.9. The blade area coefficient is 0.9 at inlet.

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Calculate :
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i) Final Temperature of the air
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ii) Theoretical power
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iii) Impeller diameter at inlet and outlet

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iv) Impeller blade angle at inlet

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v) Diffuser blade angle at inlet

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Q10) a) Explain the phenomena of stalling of the blades. [6]

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b) Following data pertains to a centrifugal compressor:
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Total pressure ratio = 3.6:1

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Diameter of inlet eye of compressor impeller =35cm

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Axial velocity at inlet = 140 m/s

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Mass flow = 12kg/s

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The velocity in the delivery duct = 120 m/s

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The tip speed of impeller = 460 m/s

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Speed of the impeller = 16000 rpm

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Total head isentropic efficiency = 80%

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Pressure coefficient = 0.73

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Ambient conditions =1.0132 bar and 15ºC

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Calculate: [10]
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i) The static pressure and temperature at inlet and outlet of the

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compressor.
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ii) The static pressure ratio.

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