Manual de Hidraulica

Equipment for Engineering Education
Instruction Manual
HM150.31 Rotating Tank
Vortex Apparatus
G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH

P. O. Box 1125
D-22881 Barsbüttel • Germany
Phone (040) 670854-0
Fax (040) 670854-42
HM150.31 Vortex Apparatus
All rights reserved G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Barsbüttel
HM150.31
123.4
Strömungsapparat
Vortex Apparatus
SEL RST
Speed/Drehzahl 1/min
An/ On
Aus/Off
Motor
Speed/Drehzahl
Instruction Manual
Printed document No.: 917.00031A15012 04/01

Table of Contents
1 Unit Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Preparation and Performance of the Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Preparation for the Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.2 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1 Free Vortex Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.2 Forced Vortex Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1 Unit Description
The unit is intended for educational and

research purposes. It was designed to generate
and investigate the free and forced formation of
vortices.
The free vortex is generated by means of the
process of the draining of water from a tank. Va-
rious outlets can be placed in the base of the tank;
these have different diameters. The profile of the
vortex can be measured with a combined radius
and height measuring device.
The forced vortex is generated by placing the entire

test tank in rotation. The profile of the forced vortex
can be measured with a combined radius/height
measuring device.
The velocity of the free and forced vortex can be
measured with a Pitot tube.
Comparisons between experiment and theory can
be made using the results.
The water supply is provided either by means of

the HM 150 Basic Hydraulics Bench or from the
mains supply in the laboratory.
With the HM 150 a closed water circuit can be set up.
1 Unit Description 1
The unit essentially comprises the following com-

ponents:
4
7
10
11
HM150.31
123.4
Strömungsapparat
2 SEL RST
Vortex Apparatus
An/ On
Aus/Off
1 12 Speed/Drehzahl
Motor
1 Base Plate 7 Height Measuring Device and Pitot Tube

2 Feed Connection 8 Transparent Double-Walled Vortex Tank
3 Slanted Seat Valve for Regulation of Feed 9 Interchangeable, Central Outlet
4 Water Inlet 10 Drive Motor for Rotational Movement
5 Height Measuring Device 11 Controller Housing
6 Radius Measuring Device 12 Drain
The controller contains the control electronics for

the motor. For this reason the 16-pole plug must
be inserted in the socket (1) provided for this
purpose on the rear of the controller housing. The
connection to the mains electricity supply is made at
the connector (2) on the unit, which also contains
the fuse and the master switch. The motor is
switched on and off via a switch (3) on the front
panel. The speed of the vortex tank is set using
a potentiometer (4) and can be read on a digital
display (5).
Front of the Controller Housing Rear of the Controller Housing

5
HM150.31 Vor Öffnen des Gehäuses Netzstecker ziehen!
123.4
Strömungsapparat Disconnect from power supply before opening!
Vortex Apparatus
SEL RST
An/On
Aus/Off
Motor Steuergehäuse /
Speed/Drehzahl
Control unit 220 - 240 V, 50 Hz
4 3 1 2
2 Preparation and Performance of the Experiment
2.1 Preparation for the Experiment
- Position experimental setup on HM150

such that the outlet and the overflow guide the
water into the channel or the volumetric tank.
- Insert fittings in the base plate as required
for the experiment.
(Remove outlet with different diameters
from the base plate with hooked tool)
- Make hose connection between HM150 and
the unit and open HM150 drain.

- Close HM150 main cock and switch on HM150
pump.
- Slowly open HM150 main cock
1
- The amount of water can be regulated with
precision using the slanted seat valve (1) in
the feed. The necessary volumetric flow rate
is dependent on the diameter of the outlet.
With a small diameter outlet the water flows
away more slowly; for this reason a lower vo-
lumetric flow rate is required than for a large
outlet cross-section. In the case of forced vor-
tex formation a water level is set. The flow of
water can then be shut off.
- ATTENTION! Ensure that the vortex tank

does not overflow.
2 Preparation and Performance of the Experiment 4

2.2 Measurements
Radius and Height

The combined radius and height measuring device
can be adjusted in height via a moving cross-mem-
ber. The radius is adjusted by means of a threaded
spindle.
- For measurements, set a new height using the
1 knurled bolt (1), then move the pin to the
surface of the vortex using the threaded
200
190
180
spindle (2). At the same time the Pitot tube for
170
the measurement of the velocity is moved by

160
150
140
130
120
110
100
2 the bar.
90
80
70
60
50
40
- Points at which readings are taken are:

30
20
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
3
Height: ruler on the cross-member (3),
the height of the pin above the
base is measured
Radius: right edge of the protrusion on the
Measuring Devi- slider, the radius is read here
ce and Pitot Tube

Velocities over the Rotational Speed

The velocity of the vortex is best measured by
dropping a small piece of paper or polystyrene on
the surface. The time required for the piece of
paper to make 10 revolutions must then be mea-
sured with a stopwatch. The radius at which the
piece of paper rotates is also required.
The angular velocity ω is:

1
ω = 2 ⋅ π ⋅ n in
s
Revolutions
with n in ,
Seconds
the velocity v is then given as a function of

the radius r :
m
v = ω ⋅ r in
s
In the case of the forced vortex, the rotational

speed of the vortex tank can be read directly on
the display on the controller. As the complete tank
rotates, the water will also adopt the angular velo-
city of the tank. No friction losses occur.

Velocity with Pitot Tube

A Pitot tube is also installed in the measuring
device. A U-tube manometer is also required to
determine the speed.
- Hang U-tube manometer on the outer wall of
the tank and fill with water to the 0-mark
without air bubbles.
- Connect U-tube manometer and Pitot tube via
a hose.
Pitot Tube
- For the measurements align the opening on the
Pitot tube with the flow, the Pitot tube can be
moved to the required radius using the combi-
ned radius and height measuring device.
Velocities that are measured directly under the

surface can be calculated as follows:
U-Tube
Manometer 
w=√ 2 ⋅ g ⋅ ∆h in m/s
with g = 9.81 m/s2

and ∆h = difference at the U-tube manometer
in m.
mbar Pa mbar
5 500 5
4 400 4
3 300 3
2 200 2
1 100 1
∆h
0 0 0
1 100 1
2 200 2
3 300 3
4 400 4
5 500 5
1 Skalenteil
= 10Pa= 0,1mbar
Fløssigkeitsdichte
1g/cm
3

3 Experiments
As the two vortices are very unstable, the series of

experiments must, to some extent, be performed
in stages. For this purpose the vortex can be
repeatedly built up to a certain height.
During all experiments it is therefore sensible to
regulate the inlet using the slanted seat valve.
3.1 Free Vortex Formation
In the free vortex the product v ⋅ r is a constant. As

a result the angular velocity is dependent on the
radius.
This yields the height h above the base as a
function of the radius r, the maximum vortex
height hmax and the constants k = v ⋅ r :
k2
h = hmax − with g = 9.81 m/s2.
2 ⋅ g ⋅ r2
For the following measured results the 16mm

diameter outlet was fitted.
r
hmax
h
3 Experiments 8
The vortex velocity was measured using the Pitot

tube:
w = 0.396 m/s at the point r = 60mm.
Measured Results:
Height h 143 140 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95
in mm
Radius r 80 55 30 22 19 16 14 13 11.5 10 9
in mm
The measured results can be plotted on a diagram:
150
Height h in mm
100
70
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Radius r in mm
3 Experiments 9
3.2 Forced Vortex Formation
In the case of forced vortex formation the angu-

lar velocity ω can be placed directly in the formula
for the vortex contour. This is constant over the
radius.
This yields the height h above the base of
the vortex as a function of the radius r and the
angular velocity ω:
ω2 ⋅ r2
h= with g = 9.81 m/s2
2⋅g
r
h
For the following measured results the vortex

tank was placed in rotary motion. The adjust-
ment is made via the potentiometer on the con-
troller. The speed can be read on the display
above the potentiometer.
If a rotational speed of approx. 80 rpm is set, the

vortex angular velocity produced is:
ω = 8.67 1/s
The heights h measured are referred to the

measured value in the middle. The height of
the pin in the middle can thus be set to 0.
3 Experiments 10
Measured Results:
Radius r 0 30 50 70 90 110
in mm
Height h 0 5 10 19 30 48
in mm
The measured results can be plotted on a diagram:

80
Height h in mm
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Radius r in mm
3 Experiments 11
4 Technical Data
Tank:
Diameter: 510/400mm
Height: 250mm
Outlets:
Diameters 8, 12, 16, 24mm
Dimensions:
Length: 640mm
Width: 500mm
Height: approx. 750mm
Weight: 35kg
Controller Housing:
Supply: 230V, 50Hz,
Rotational Speed Display 0 -10kHz
Drive Motor with Control Electronics 12V DC
4 Technical Data 12

Manual de Hidraulica

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Manual de Hidraulica

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Equipment for Engineering Education

G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH

Printed document No.: 917.00031A15012 04/01

2 Preparation and Performance of the Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.1 Preparation for the Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3.1 Free Vortex Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

The unit is intended for educational and

The forced vortex is generated by placing the entire

The water supply is provided either by means of

The unit essentially comprises the following com-

1 Base Plate 7 Height Measuring Device and Pitot Tube

The controller contains the control electronics for

Front of the Controller Housing Rear of the Controller Housing

HM150.31 Vor Öffnen des Gehäuses Netzstecker ziehen!

2 Preparation and Performance of the Experiment

2.1 Preparation for the Experiment

- Position experimental setup on HM150

the unit and open HM150 drain.

- ATTENTION! Ensure that the vortex tank

2 Preparation and Performance of the Experiment 4

Radius and Height

the measurement of the velocity is moved by

- Points at which readings are taken are:

2 Preparation and Performance of the Experiment 5

Velocities over the Rotational Speed

The angular velocity ω is:

the velocity v is then given as a function of

In the case of the forced vortex, the rotational

2 Preparation and Performance of the Experiment 6

Velocity with Pitot Tube

ned radius and height measuring device.

Velocities that are measured directly under the

with g = 9.81 m/s2

2 Preparation and Performance of the Experiment 7

As the two vortices are very unstable, the series of

3.1 Free Vortex Formation

In the free vortex the product v ⋅ r is a constant. As

For the following measured results the 16mm

The vortex velocity was measured using the Pitot

The measured results can be plotted on a diagram:

3.2 Forced Vortex Formation

In the case of forced vortex formation the angu-

For the following measured results the vortex

If a rotational speed of approx. 80 rpm is set, the

The heights h measured are referred to the

The measured results can be plotted on a diagram:

You might also like