International Journal of Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications.
ISSN 2150-7988 Volume 9 (2017) pp. 001-008
© MIR Labs, www.mirlabs.net/ijcisim/index.html
Nature Inspired Sunflower Shaped Microstrip
Antenna for Wideband Performance
Pushpendra Singh1, Kanad Ray 2*, Sanyog Rawat3
1, 2, 3
Amity University Rajasthan
1
*corresponding author, singhpushpendra548@gmail.com, 2 kanadray00@gmail.com, 3 sanyog.rawat@gmail.com
Abstract: This paper presents the design, analysis and
synthesis of a high frequency nature-inspired broadband
micro-strip patch antenna. It is based on the sunflower structure
with particular type of the spirals which are frequently found in
nature. The reason behind using sunflower structure is to
explore whether we could replicate the properties of wideband
performance, uniform and stable distribution of electromagnetic
energy obtained in natural structure, successfully translated to
antenna technology. The proposed antenna geometry has simple
structure so it satisfies the requirements of satellite
communication in form of the reduced lobe level and stable
radiation pattern. The design is using Computer Simulation
Technology Microwave Studio and the geometry of proposed
antenna offers impedance bandwidth of more than 5.44 GHz (12
GHz to 17.44 GHz) in the Ku Band.
Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, sunflower spiral
antenna, simulated result discussion, Parameter
specification.
. satellite communication. A mathematical concept that is
I. Introduction
Evolution has answered number of nature’s challenges
leading to long-term solutions. Through evolution various
solutions have been tested and successful ones have been
enhanced. Nature has always stimulated human achievements
and has led to effective structures and processes. Nature’s
ability in many domains are much greater to human ones, and
copying several features and distinctiveness can extensively
improve our technology. This is so because a vast pool of
inventions has gone through difficult tests of practicality and
sturdiness in changing atmosphere. In order to bridge between
these fields of biology and engineering one has to identify
biological characteristics and look for equivalence in terms of
engineering.
In present, modern wireless communication system, the
antennas are the most important components required to
create a communication link [1]-[4]. Antenna is a transducer
design to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves [5]-[7].
An antenna is used to transform an RF signal, traveling on a
conductor into an electromagnetic wave in free space. A high
frequency planar antenna is more suitable for satellite
communication. Various reconfigurable antenna have been
reported in literature to achieve enhanced performance
[8]-[10]. The study of a communication system is incomplete
without understanding the antennas design and analysis. The
microstrip antennas find application in aircraft also because
they can be very handily flush mounted on the skin of the
aircraft [11]-[13].The wireless communication system has led
to increasing constrain on antenna utilized in terms of cost,
size, bandwidth and many other antenna performance
parameters. The state of the art antenna technology allows the
use of different types and models of antennas, depending on
the area of application considered [14]-[17]. Microstrip
antenna provides a great revolution in the field of antenna
design, research, many applications and advantages over
conventional antennas [18]-[21]. But the major drawbacks
associated with these antennas are narrow bandwidth and low
gain [22]-[25]. In literature, several methods like stacked
patches, defected ground, use of active devices have been
investigated [26]-[30].
In this work, we are investigating a new method for building
such antennas that could have several times improved
radiation performance. The key intention of the present
investigation is to provide a frame work for solving the
optimization problems related to antenna application in
capable of defining many complex shapes found in nature is
the key of this new design. Here, a new geometry of nature
inspired antenna is proposed. A simple construction, broad
bandwidth, adjustable and moderate gain are some of the key
features of this design. Sunflower based micro strip patch
antenna structure shows a non-uniformly spaced, direct
radiating array which is responsible for reducing complexity
and cost compared with conventional antenna. To the best of
our knowledge the structure we have developed has not been
explored before.
This paper is divided into 8 sections. The first section
comprises of introduction. Particle swarm optimization
algorithm is reported in section II. Inspiration description has
been proposed in section III. Nature inspired antenna design is
described in section III. Discussion of simulation result has
been shown in section IV. Parametric analysis is presented in
V. Section VI shows the deep discussion on simulation and
theoretical results and conclusion is drawn in section VII.
II. Inspiration
The seeds in the sunflower are causable to capture the light in
efficient manner, due to their orientation and distribution. The
idea for this work started with the following hypothesis. If we
put an antenna element with a fixed distance and fixed angle
to increase them from the centre, after putting each point, it is
connected to the nearest point among the points already put,
such connection becomes spiral growing from the centre and
their number is one of the fibonacci numbers as shown in
figure 1. The arrangement has a good performance in
Dynamic Publishers, Inc., USA
2 Singh et al.

capturing the electromagnetic wave. One of the mathematical seed appears at a certain angle in relation to the proceeding
patterns that can be found frequently in one. In order to optimize the filling of the seeds, it is necessary
nature is the fibonacci sequence [13]. The angle, distribution to choose the most irrational number which is least well
of the seeds and spiral form are some example of these approximated by a fraction [14]. This number is called golden
patterns. The Fibonacci sequence is defined as- mean. The corresponding golden angle is 137.5 degree. With
this angle, one can obtain the optimal filling spacing between
F= {F0, F1, F2, F4} the seeds as shown in fig. 3.
Such as F0=0
F1= 1
Fk = Fk-1+ Fk-2

Figure 3. Seeds distribution in the sun flower [13].

A. Golden ratio
Golden ratio may be defined as
ϵ = 1 + 1/ϵ (5)
Figure 1. Fibonacci sequence found in the number of After solving it ϵ = 1.618 (6)
seeds in a sunflower [13]. Fibonacci number series is
{2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89……………….}
III. Antenna Design and Analysis If we take the two successive Fibonacci numbers [14]
Spiral elements are chosen in this antenna because they
are easy to design and their shape is similar to a sunflower. P Q P/Q
The basic structure of the spiral is shown in fig. 2. 2 3 1.5
3 5 1.666666666...
5 8 1.6
8 13 1.625
… …. ……………

B. Golden Angle
To choose the irrational part of the golden mean (0.695
approximately). The rotation is about 222.5°angle. In
the other direction it is about 137.5°, called the "Golden
Angle. [14]

C. Analysis of proposed design

Figure 2. Basic structure of proposed design with spiral
The length and the position of the spiral elements in the
elements.
proposed antenna are obtained from eq. 1 and 2. For
example the position of the 5 element can be calculated
We calculate the position of the elements in proposed design
by the following cartesian equation 1 to 4 as follows:
Xn = Sn√n/π cos θ ∙ β (1)
Case 1: (𝛽=1)
Yn = Sn√n/ π sin θ ∙ β (2) (X2, Y2) (𝜃= 137.5x1)
Where n = 2, 3, 4…….. n=2 (0.068, -0.780) 137.50
n=3 (0.117,-1.344) ………..
β = Phase control parameter n=4 (0.192,-2.20) ………..
S (golden mean) = 1.695 (3) n=5 (0.302,-3.47) ………..
Sn = Sn⎼1√2 (4) n=6 (0.469, -4.70) ………..
The distribution of the antenna elements is achieved using a
structure, which typically follows the pattern of the seeds in Similarly we can obtain another coordinate of the points-
sunflower as shown in figure 3. (𝛽 = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 … … … … … … … … )
In many cases, the head of the flower is made up of small
seeds which are produced at the centre, and then migrate The maximum value of β is taken as 20 in order to maintain
towards the outside filling eventually all the space. Each new the design of the antenna simple.
Nature Inspired Sunflower Shaped Microstrip Antenna for Wideband Performance
Figure 4. Front view of initial design.
Figure 5. Rear view of proposed antenna.
IV. Simulation Results
The initial design consists of glass epoxy FR-4 substrate
(substrate relative permittivity r = 4.4, substrate thickness h =
1.59mm, loss tangent tan = 0.025) and the size of the
ground plane is considered as 30 × 30 mm, with micro strip
line feed of dimension (15 x 1.2 mm) as shown in figure 4.
The variation of simulated reflection coefficient with
frequency is shown in figure 6 (a). It clearly shows that the
antenna is resonating at 13.1 GHz and 17.25 GHz and
provides corresponding bandwidth of nearly 1.9 GHz and
1.3GHz in two bands. The variation of gain with respect to
frequency is shown in figure 6(b) which indicates that at
resonant frequencies i.e. 13.1 GHz and 17.25 GHz the gain is
nearly 3.6 dBi and 4 dBi respectively.
(a)
3
(b)
Figure 6. Variation of (a) reflection coefficient (dB), (b)
Variation of gain (dBi) with frequency (GHz),
(a)
(b)
Figure 7. Variation of E and H plane elevation patterns at
“(a)” 13.1 GHz, “(b)” 17.25 GHz.
The elevation radiation patterns of initial design at resonant
frequencies within the impedance bandwidth region are
shown in figure 7. At first resonant frequency (13.1 GHz) the
E and H pattern is tilted by 300 with radiation in the front
direction only. The E pattern at second resonance frequency
(17.25 GHz) is broadside in nature while H pattern radiation is
tilted by 450 with more radiation in front direction. The results
clearly indicate that this design in present form is not suitable
for satellite applications.
V. Parameter Analysis for improved
performance
The initial design is modified in steps in order to make this
design suitable for Ku band of satellite communication
application. The initial design is modified by taking the five
different dimensional of the ground plane and the dimensions
of patch are kept same as initial design. The results
corresponding to the different ground size are shown in table
1.
4 Singh et al.

Table 1. Five different configurations of ground plane

dimensional with result.

Table 2. Four different configurations of feed elements

Case No. Ground plane R. BW% Variation dimensional.
dim. (mm) fre. (GHz) of gain (dBi)

1 35x35 13.77 12.23 2.64-4.53

Case Feed ele. Resonant BW% V. of gain(db)
17.33 8.08 4.12-2.38
No. dim. (mm) freq. (GHz)
2 30x30 13.84 11.56 3.48-3.00
1 13x1.2 13.30 12.32 3.53-2.65
17.27 7.70 4.26-2.83
17.28 8.21 5.26-3.27
2 13x0.8 13.09 8.86 4.19-3.84
3 25x25 13.30 12.35 3.53-2.65
17.01 7.05 5.44-3.57
17.28 8.21 5.26-3.27
3 13x0.6 13.27 13.66 3.47-2.54
17.28 8.20 5.30-3.40
4 20x20 13.32 11.99 3.64-3.98
4 13x0.4 12.97 6.89 3.62-4.14
17.31 5.66 3.64-5.12
16.90 6.33 5.09-3.85
5 15x15 13.76 12.02 2.25-3.65
17.53 8.15 3.30-2.91

(a)

(a)

(b)
Figure 9. Variations of “(a)” reflection coefficient (S11), “(b)”
gain with frequency (GHz) for four considered configurations
of feed element

(b) As indicated from figure 9. , the feed dimension 13 x 0.6 mm

(case-3) provides improved bandwidth as compared to the
Figure 8. Variations of “(a)” Reflection Coefficient (S11), design described in the preceding section. At resonating bands
“(b)” Gain with frequency (GHz) for five considered 13.27 GHz and 17.28 GHz, 13.66% and 8.20% bandwidth is
configurations achieved with uniform gain close to 4.5 dBi.

As indicated in case-3, for ground size 25 mm × 25 mm,
provide largest impedance bandwidth in both the bands
(12.35%, 8.21%) as shown in figure 8 (a) it also gives nearly
uniform gain of around 4 dBi across the entire bandwidth as
shown in figure 8 (b).
The next parameter considered for analysis is the length and
width of the feed line keeping ground size as 25 ×25 mm and
similar dimensions for patch.
For attaining wideband performance the ground structure is
modified by etching six slots, the dimensions of patch and
ground are kept same as previous design. The results
corresponding to the slots are shown in table 3 . The results
show that as we increase the number of slots, the antenna
impedance bandwidth has improved significantly. Till five
slots the modified design was dual band but after insertion of
sixth slot the antenna starts behaving as broadband and major
improvement in bandwidth is depicted in figure 10.
Nature Inspired Sunflower Shaped Microstrip Antenna for Wideband Performance 5

The proposed design with 6 slots described in table 3 with

ground plane size of 25 mm x 25 mm and feedline dimension
of 13 x 0.6 mm provide best results. The variation of
simulated reflection coefficient with frequency is shown in
Cutting slot R. freq. BW% V.of of gain (dBi) figure 11(a)., which shows that the antenna is now resonating
No. (GHz) at resonant frequencies of 12.38 GHz, 13.88 GHz and 16.42
GHz and has operating bandwidth of 5.44 GHz. The variation
0 13.27 13.26 3.47-2.54 of gain of the antenna with respect to frequency is shown in
17.23 7.77 5.30-3.40 figure 11(b). It may be seen that from frequency 12 to 15 GHz,
i.e. in the frequency range having first two resonance
1 12.48 6.00 3.75-3.71 frequencies, gain of antenna is nearly 3.15 dBi. Thereafter for
14.54 11.72 3.17-5.68 a range of frequency, i.e. from 15 to 17.44 GHz, improvement
16.53 7.75 5.97-4.72 in gain is realized and gain of antenna at the third resonance
2 12.30 6.60 3.70-3.50 frequency of 16.42 GHz is close to 6 dBi.
14.11 10.41 3.19-4.15
16.39 6.10 5.83-4.71
3 12.30 6.82 3.68-3.50
14.08 10.65 3.22-4.56
16.39 5.52 5.83-4.82
4 10.97 4.19 3.48-3.20
14.16 12 2.91-4.72
16.68 6.05 5.48-4.26
5 13 23.38 3.15-4.19
16.46 13.06 5.25-4.66
6 12.38 38.58 3.16-4.56
13.88
6.42
(a)
Table 3. Six different configurations of slots in ground plane
with results.

(b)

Figure 11. “(a)” Variations of (a) Reflection

Coefficient (S11), “(b)” Gain with frequency (GHz)

(a)

(a)

(b)
Figure 10. Variations of “(a)” Reflection Coefficient (S11),
“(b)” Gain with frequency (GHz) for six considered
configurations
6 Singh et al.

(b) (b)

(c)

Figure 12. Variation of E and H plane elevation patterns at

“(a)” 12.38 GHz, “(b)” 13.88 GHz, and “(c)” 16.42 GHz

The elevation radiation patterns of proposed antenna at three (c)

frequencies within the impedance bandwidth region are
shown in figure 12. At first resonant frequency (12.38 GHz)
the E and H pattern is tilted by 25 0 normal to the patch
geometry and has most of the radiation in the front direction.
The E and H pattern at second resonance frequency (13.88
GHz) are also tilted by 300 normal to the patch geometry. The
E pattern at third resonant frequency (16.42 GHz) indicates
that radiation is normal to the patch geometry and directive in
nature whereas the H pattern is is tilted by 15 0 normal to the
patch geometry.
Figure 13. Current distribution in patch and ground of the
proposed antenna atresonant frequencies “(a)” 12.38., “(b)”
13.88, “(c)” 16.42 GHz
The radiation efficiency of proposed geometry is shown in
figure 14. , which is close to 62% for the entire bandwidth
except from 17 GHz to 17.44 GHz reduced efficiency is
obtained. This compact size proposed antenna could be a
better choice for Satellite communication applications.

The current distribution on the element of the proposed

antenna and on the ground plane is shown in figure 13. Figure
13(a) shows the surface current density distribution in the
patch and ground at 12.38 GHz. The direction of the strong
currents is towards the edges due to this strong resonance
occurs at the first resonant frequency. Whereas at the second
resonance frequency current densities at the patch and ground
plane are opposite in direction which results in excitation of
weaker mode as compared to the first shown in figure 13(b).
The current distribution at the third frequency is also at the
edges in the patch and the ground but the strength of current Figure 14. Variation of radiation efficiency with
density is slightly more than the first resonance shown in frequency for proposed antenna.
figure 13(c).

VI. Conclusion
A nature inspired design of low profile antenna with
improved radiation characteristics is shown in this paper. The
design is derived from sunflower structure with particular
type of spirals which are frequently found in nature. By
introducing defects in the ground plane structure and
optimizing the feed and dimension of the ground the proposed
geometry is resonating in the Ku band and provides an
impedance bandwidth of 5.44 GHz with nearly uniform gain
over the entire operating range. Detailed parametric analysis
(a) is also provided in this work to understand the underlying
mechanism which could be important in designing antennas
Nature Inspired Sunflower Shaped Microstrip Antenna for Wideband Performance
whose structures are borrowed from various symmetric
features evolved over millions of years of time. This would
pave a way to an important new line which will require
collaboration between biologists and technologists along with
the foundation of such an academic path that hopefully will
also lead to new avenues of biometric science and engineering.
The insight from nature is anticipated to continue leading to
technology enhancement and the outcome is expected to be
realized in every facet of our lives.
Reference
[1] C.A. Balanis. Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, John
Wiley & Son, 2005.
[2] I. Singh, V.S. Tripathi. Microstrip Patch Antenna and its
Application. Int. J. comp. tech. appl., 2(5), pp.1595-1599,
2011.
[13] Y. Li, Z. Zhang, J. Zheng, Z. Feng, M.F. Iskander. A
compact hepta–band loop- inverted F reconfigurable antenna
for mobile phone. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 60(1) , pp.
389-392, 2012.
[4] J. Cho,W. Jung, and K. Kim.Frequency- reconfigurable
two-port antenna for mobile phone operating over multiple
service bands. Electronic Letter, 45, pp. 1009-1011, 2009.
[5] M. Puri, P.K. Mishra, S.S. Dhanik: Design and Simulation
of Double Ridged Horn Antenna Operating for UWB
Application. Annual IEEE Conference, India, 2013.
[6] M.K. Meshram, B.R. Vishvakarma, Gap-coupled
microstrip array antenna for wide-band operation,
International Journal of Electronics, 88, pp. 1161-1175,
2001.
[7] J.R. James, P.S. Hall. Hand Book of microstrip antennas,
PeterP eregrinus Ltd, London, 1989.
[8]K. G. Jangid, V. S. Kulkar, V. Sharmat. Compact Circular
Micro-strip Patch Antenna with Modified Ground Plane for
Broadband Performance, International Conference on Signal
Propagation and Computer Tech, pp. 25-28, 2014.
[9]P. Kumar, G. Singh: Advantage ComputationalTechnique
in Electromagnetic, 4th International Conference on
Communication System and Network Technologies,
IJECS-IJENS, 2012.
[10] I. Surjati, Y. KN. Increasing Bandwidth Dual Frequency
Triangular Micro-strip antenna for Wi-Max application.
Internal Journal of Electrical & Computer Science, 10 (06).
[11] S. Rawat, and K. K. Sharma. Stacked configuration of
rectangular and hexagonal patches with shorting pin for
circularly polarized wideband performance. Central
European Journal of Engineering., Springer, 4, pp. 20-26,
2014.
[12] C. Vigano, M.: Sunflower array antenna for multi beam
setallite application: Laurea in Ingegneria delle
7
Telecomunicazioni Universita di Ingegneria Firenze, Italia ,
2011.
[13] H. Vogel. A better way to construction the sunflower
head. Mathematical Bioscience. , 44, pp. 179- 189, 1997.
[14] Y. Ramat- samii, J. M. Kovita, H. Rajagopalan: Nature-
Inspired Optimization Technique in Communication Antenna
Design. Proceeding of the IEEE, 100 (7), pp. 2132-2144,
2012.
[15] S. Rawat, and K.K. Sharma. Annular ring microstrip
patch antenna with finite ground plane for ultra- wideband
applications, International Journal of Microwave and
Wireless Technologies, pp. 179-184, 2015.
[16] S. Rawat, and K.K. Sharma. A compact broadband
microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure for
C-band applications, Central European Journal of
Engineering., Springer, pp. 287-292, 2014.
[17] G.W. Ryan, J. L. Rouse, L. A. Bursill. Quantitative
Analysis of Sunflower Seed Packing. J. theor. Biol, 147, pp.
303-328, 1991.
[18] V. Grob, E. Pfeifer, R. Rutishauser. Sympodial
construction of Fibonacci-type leaf rosettes in Pinguicula
moranensis (lentibulariaceae), Annals of Botany, 100(4), pp.
857- 863, 2007.
[19] J. A. V. Delgado, C.A.V Mera. A Bio- Insired Patch
Antenna Array Using Fibonacci sequence in Oak- Tree:
published Research report, USA, 2013.
[20] R. Takaki, Y. Ogiso, M. Hayashi, and, A. Katsu.
Simulation of sunflower spiral and Fibonacci numbers,
Tokyo institute of technology, Japan, 2003.
[21] S. Holm, A. Austeng, K. Iranpour, J.F.
Hopperstad .Sparse sampling in array processing in Sampling
Theory, F. Marvasti, Ed., Springer, New York, NY, USA,
2001.
[22] R. A. Dunlap: The Golden Ratio and Fibonacci Numbers,
World Scientific, Singapore, 1997.
[23] S. Toshniwal, S. Sharma, . S. Rawat, P. Singh, and K.
Ray, “ Compact Design of Rectangular Patch Antenna with
Symmetrical U slots on Partial Ground for UWB
Applications,” Congress on (IBICA 2015).
[24] S. Rawat, and K. K. Sharma. Stacked elliptical patches
for circularly polarized broadband performance, International
Conference on Signal Propagation and Computer Technology
(ICSPCT 2014), pp. 232-235, 2014.
[25] Y. Tawk, J. Costantine, C.G. Christodoulou. Cognitive –
radio and antenna functionalities: A tutorial [Wireless Corner],
IEEE Antenna and Propagation magazine, 56 (1) pp. 231-243,
2014.
[26] N. Nasimuddin, Z. N. Chen, X. Qing. Bandwidth
Enhancement of a Single – Feed Circulary Polarized Antenna
8 Singh et al.

Using a Metasurface: Metamaterial- based wideband CP Medical School,USA; Yale University, USA; University of
rectangular microstrip antenna , IEEE Antenna and Montreal, Canada; University Technology Malaysia and
Propagation magazine, 58 (2) pp. 39- 46, 2016. National Institute .of Materials Science, Japan.

[27] S. X. Ta, I. Park, R. W. Ziolkowski. Crossed dipole
antenna: A review. Mobile – Phone Antenna design, IEEE
Antenna and Propagation magazine, 3 (3) pp. 177- 178, 2015.
[28] Y. P. Laxmi, M. U. Roa, B. S. Bahu. A Dual band
Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for 2.4GHz and 5.4GHz
Applications, IEEE Antenna and Propagation magazine, 54
(4) pp. 14- 34, 2016.
[29] B. P. Chacko, G. Augustin, T. A. Denidni. FPC Antenna :
C- band point – to – point communication systems, IEEE
Antenna and Propagation magazine, 58 (1) pp. 56- 64, 2016.
[30] H. Bayer, A. Krauss, T. Zaiczek, R. Stephan, O. E.
Rosenblatt, M. A. Hein. Ka- Band User Terminal Antenna for
Satellite Communications [ Antenna Application
Corner]Mobile – Phone Antenna design, IEEE Antenna and
Propagation magazine, 54 (8) pp. 76-88, 2016.
Dr. Sanyog Rawat did Bachelor of
Engineering in Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Master of
Technology in Microwave Engineering,
and Ph.D in the field of Microstrip Patch
Antenna from Malviya National Institute of
Technology, India. Presently he is working as Assistant
Professor at Amity School of Engineering and Technology,
Amity University Rajasthan. He has several papers in
National and International conferences and Journals. His
research interest includes planar antennas, microwave devices
and

Author Biographies
Pushpendra Singh was born in Kannauj,
India in 1993. He received Bachelor of
Science in Physics during 2009-12, and
Master of Science in Electronic during
2012-14 from CSJM University Kanpur
(UP) India. Presently, he is pursuing Ph.D.
in the field of Bio and Nature inspired microstrip patch
antenna from Amity University, Rajasthan.

Dr. Kanad Ray is presently working as

Professor of Physics and Electronics &
Communication (ECE) at Amity
School of Engg. And Tech., Amity
University Rajasthan. He is also the
Head, Dept. of ECE. His research
interest includes Cognitive
Neurodynamics, Communication,
Electromagnetic Fields , Antenna & Wave propagation,
Microwave, Computational Biology and Applied Physics. He
had obtained M.Sc in Physics from Calcutta University and
PhD in Theoretical Nuclear and Astrophysics from Jadavpur
University, India. He has several papers in National and
International Journals of high repute. He has authored a book
on EM Field Theory. He had served as one of the Editors of
‘SocPros Proceedings’ published by Springer Verlag,
Germany in the form of ‘Advanced Intelligent Systems and
Computing ‘ series. He has acted as reviewer of various
reputed journals e.g. ‘Journal of Integrative Neuroscience’
published by Imperial College Press; Sensing and Biosensing
Research published by Elsevier etc. He had been appointed a
Scientific Committee member of the ‘International
Conference on Vibration Problems’ held at Lisbon,
Portugal,Sept,2013. Also organized a Minisymposium on
‘Neural Oscillation and Cognition’. Presently he has been
guiding 8 Research Scholars for PhD. He has a few
International Collaboration with members of Harvard