BALANCE

OF POWER
International
System
BALANCE OF POWER
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BOP
CHARACTERISTICS
SIMPLE BOP
FLEXI BOP
LOCAL & REGIONAL BOP
MORTON KAPLANS MODEL
MULTI VS BIPOLAR
MULTI BLOCK MODEL
TIGHT BIPOLAR MODEL
UV MODEL
MONO-POLAR MODEL
COLLECTIVE SECURITY
COLLECTIVE SECURITY
 DIPLOMACY
⦿ Diplomacy is the art and practice of
conducting negotiations between
representatives of States.
⦿ "Diplomacy is a principal activity of heads of
states, governments and special bodies of
external relations in implementation of
goals, objectives of state's foreign policy, as
well as protection of rights and interests of
state abroad”
⦿ Goals could be: Economic, Cultural, Political
and Security.
TYPES OF DIPLOMACY
⦿ Politics of Pacification
⦿ Gunboat Diplomacy
⦿ Dollar Diplomacy
⦿ Public Diplomacy
⦿ People’s Diplomacy
⦿ Intermediary Diplomacy
⦿ Economic Diplomacy
⦿ Digital Diplomacy
GUN BOAT DIPLOMACY
DOLLAR DIPLOMACY
 THEORIES OF IR: REALISM
⦿ Emphasises the competitive and conflictual side
of international relations.
⦿ Realism is a straightforward approach to
international relations, stating that all nations
are working to increase their own power, and
those countries that manage to horde power
most efficiently will thrive.
⦿ Realism’s roots are often said to be found in
some of humankind’s earliest historical writings,
particularly Thucydides’ history of the
Peloponnesian War, which raged between 431
and 404 BCE.
⦿ Security, power, politics, wars and conflicts.
 LIBERALISM
⦿ Liberalism is a defining feature of modern
democracy, illustrated by the prevalence of the
term ‘liberal democracy’ as a way to describe
countries with free and fair elections, rule of
law and protected civil liberties.
⦿ Liberalism is based on the moral argument that
ensuring the right of an individual person to life,
liberty and property is the highest goal of
government.
⦿ liberals emphasise the wellbeing of the
individual as the fundamental building block of
a just political system
 CONSTRUCTIVISM
⦿ Constructivism accounts for this issue by arguing
that the social world is of our making.
⦿ Actors (usually powerful ones, like leaders and
influential citizens) continually shape – and
sometimes reshape – the very nature of
international relations through their actions and
interactions.
⦿ Constructivism rests on the notion that rather
than the outright pursuit of material interests,
it is a nation’s belief systems—historical,
cultural and social —that explain its foreign
policy efforts and behavior.