Laboratory Report # 4

“ Babies Go and Scour the Land ”

‘Kyle Cosca, ‘James Palma, ‘Argie Mandreza, ‘Tresha Torreno, ‘Aila Madriaga

Student 12 Science,Technology,Engineering and Mathematics, Manaoag National High School

ABSTRACT

Semen, also called seminal fluid, fluid that is emitted from the male reproductive tract
and that contains sperm cells, which are capable of fertilizing the female eggs. Semen also contains
other liquids, known as seminal plasma, which help to keep the sperm cells
viable. The human sperm cell is haploid, so that its 23 chromosomes can join the 23 chromosomes
of the female egg to form a diploid cell. In mammals, sperm develops in the testicles, is stored in
the epididymis, and released from the penis.

Semen analysis measures the amount and quality of a man's semen and sperm. Semen is
the thick, white fluid released during ejaculation that contains sperm. This test is sometimes
called a sperm count.

In this Experiment, We are also using the compound microscope to observe the Semen
and the Sperm, to determine if the Sample is Normal or might have a fertility problem. To obtain
semen Sample, the donators ejaculate into a Petri dish in school Comfort Room. To complete the
experiment, we started to stir the sample and observe its Macroscopy. After the Macroscopy
Examination, the semen sample was placed in a clean slide. The sample was observed under the
microscope with the magnifications of 4x, 10x, and 40x. While it is in the Microscope, its
morphology, motility, and concentration were being observed.

Keywords: Semen analysis, Macroscopy, Microscopy, Epididymis, Sperm Morphology,

Sperm Motility
INTRODUCTION
Sperm cells are gametes that are
produced in the testicular organ of male
human beings and animals. A uniflagellar
sperm cell that is motile is referred to as
a spermatozoon, plural spermatozoa, whereas
a non-motile sperm cell is referred to as
a spermatium. Like the female gamete, sperm
cells carry a total of 23 chromosomes that are
a result of a process known as meiosis. In both
animals and human beings, among many
other organisms, these cells are involved in
the sexual mode of reproduction which
involves the interaction of male and female
gametes. Sperm are flagellated; that is, they
have a whip like tail. In higher vertebrates,
especially mammals, sperm are produced in
the testes.
Semen analysis as an integral part of
infertility investigations is taken as a
surrogate measure for male fecundity in
clinical andrology, male fertility, and
pregnancy risk assessments. Furthermore,
there is marked variation in sperm output on
a day-to-day basis. It is often more useful in
clinical practice to assess the
actual fertilization capacity of sperm in vitro.
A semen sample is collected by
masturbation and should ideally be analyzed
within 1 hour. Conventional semen analysis
includes measurement of particular aspects of
spermatozoa such as concentration, motility
and morphology and of seminal plasma.
Quantification and identification of non-
spermatozoidal cells and detection of
antisperm antibodies are also part of basic
semen analysis Normal values of semen
parameters issued by the World Health
Organisation (WHO) in 1992 updated in
2010), are generally used as reference values.
Although it should be noted that individual
laboratories will also have developed their
own reference ranges.
Semen Analysis is divided into
Macroscopic and Microscopic examination
of the sample.
Macroscopic Examination of the
Semen sample involves Liquefaction,
Appearance, Volume, Viscosity, pH, and
Smell. Microscopic Examination of the
Semen includes Sperm Motility, Sperm
Morphology, and Sperm Concentration.
METHODOLOGY
First , we completed the materials
needed to conduct the experiment; coverslips,
slides, Petri Dish, Glass Rod, Graduated
Cylinder, tissue , alcohol, and water.
After completing the materials. We
clean the slides for it to be free from any dirt
or dust before we put a specimen. The chosen
donators are ejaculated in the school comfort
Room (CR). Several minutes passed and the The Concentration of the Sperm
Sample was delivered, and we started the observed, just by using digital microscope,
macroscopy examination. We immediately based on what we saw, even though we can’t
observed its appearance or color and smelled
say the exact number of how many sperms
the Specimen, if it looks and smells normal.
there are, we can say that many sperms
Then, began to continuous stir the sample
with a Glass Rod, to test the viscosity. After presented.
several minute of stirring we pour the sample
In terms of its Liquefaction, the
into the graduated cylinder to measure its
sperm takes at least 5 minutes for it to become
Volume. With the left sample in the Dish, we
lay the given paper for minutes for measuring liquid in form.
the pH level of the Semen. After the
The Appearance of the Sperm
Macroscopy Examination, we began the
observed, based on what we saw, the color is
Microscopy Examination. The stirred sample,
was place on the microscope to be observed not that white for somehow it is like yellow
closer to examine its Sperm Motility (How then upon after stirring you can see that the
your sperm are moving and how many sperm color turns into gray like.
are moving and how well they move), Sperm
Morphology (What your sperm look like), The Volume of the sperm is almost at
and Sperm Concentration (How many sperm 2 as we measured the viscosity of it.
there are).
As we observed the Viscosity of the
Sperm, we can considered it as viscous
because of its not so fast movement to
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
disappear as we touched the sperm cell using
As we saw the sperms using the stirring rad.
microscope, we observed that the Motility of
We used the prediction paper to be our
the Sperm is present and the their movements
basis for determining the aspH, the results
are not in the same direction. They were
ranges up to 7 pH and it tells that the sperm
scattered and partly moves from different
cell got basic.
direction.
As we Smell the sperm cell we can
As we used the digital microscope,
say that it is not the too strong, it somehow
we’ve seen the Morphology of the Sperms.
like smell of bleach.
We observed the feature of it and the parts
where head and its tail clearly seen.
CONCLUSION

The role of sexual abstinence and

proper seminal fluid sample collection for
accurate semen analysis is important, to know
whether the semen is normal or it might have
a fertility problem. In this Experiment, we
gained another knowledge about biology. We
started and finished this study with the
cooperation of each members and fun.

REFERENCES

https://www.gfmer.ch/Endo/PGC_network/S
emen_analysis_rrumbullaku.htm

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P
MC3114587/

https://labtestsonline.org/tests/semen-
analysis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm