SEMEN AND

SEMINAL STAINS
SEMEN AND SEMINAL FLUID - is a whitish fluid of the male reproductive
track containing spermatozoa. Its part are:
1. seminal fluid

Fluid from the prostate and other sex glands that helps transport sperm out of the man's body during orgasm. Seminal fluid
contains sugar as an energy source for sperm.

2. formed Elements Cellular

Formed Elements. The formed elements are cells and cell fragments suspended in the plasma. The three classes of
formed elements are the erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and the thrombocytes (platelets).

3. Spermatozoa

Sperm, also called spermatozoon, plural spermatozoa, male reproductive cell, produced by most animals. The sperm unites
with (fertilizes) an ovum (fegg) o the female to produce a new offspring. Mature sperm have two distinguishable parts, a head
and a tail.

4. Epithelial cells

Epithelial cells line the surfaces of organs in the body and function as a protective barrier. Epithelial cells are often associated
with the skin (the epidermis). Epithelial cells form the tissue that lines the surfaces of organs and cavities in the body.
 Usual location of semen stain as Evidence:
1. Under clotting
2. Clothing
3. Skin
4. Air
5. Vagina
6. Rectal contains of the victim
7. Around the genitals
 Seminal Examination
There are four examinations for seminal stains or seminal fluid in the form of stains namely:

1. Physical Examination
 Seminal stains when dry have a grayish-white or yellow-grey color and show
an irregular, map like outline.

 The cloth is stiffened as if starched.

 A fresh stain on a non absorbent material appears translucent.

 When examined under UV light they show a fluorescence of a bluish-white

color.
2. Chemical Examination
a. Florence Test
• Choline detected
• Dark brown rhombic shaped crystals arranged in clusters, rosette etc. of choline iodide
appear immediately

b. Barberio’s Test
• Detection of Spermine
• Crystals that are slender yellow tinted, rhomboid needles with obtuse angle or appear as
ovoid crystals
c. Acid-phospahtase Test
• Acid-Phosphatase is an enzyme secreted by the prostate gland in seminal
fluid

• Turning purple color, indicative of semen

3. Microscopic Examination
 Total sperm counts(20 million per ml and above and for motile density( 8 million per ml or

higher .

 Thoroughly mix the semen specimen in order to ensure as much as possible that the sample

that are examining is representative of the whole specimen. One recommended mixing

method is to aspirate the sample 10 times into a wide-bore disposable plastic pipette, gently

so as not to create air.

 Obtain the sample to be examined immediately after mixing the contents in the original

container. If additional aliquots are taken, mix the specimen in the original container again

before taking those samples.

 Initial microscopic examination of semen is first done using 100X magnification. Observe

mucous strand formation, sperm aggregation, and/or sperm agglutination.

4. Biological Examination
 In semen analysis, an alternative lights source like a laser is used to find stains on bed
sheets or clothing. Once a stain is found it is sent to be tested to determine the type of
biological fluid it is. If the biological fluid is not blood the other options are saliva,
urine or semen.

 It’s important to determine if sperm is present because it contains a great deal of DNA,
which could help to identify a suspect. Once it has been determined that sperm is
present, the analyst must determine which item of evidence or swab sample has the
most sperm so that getting a DNA profile is more likely.
 Collection, Preservation, Packing and
Transit of Specimen
 1. Seizure of apparel must be done as soon as possible.

 2. In packing of wearing apparel there should be no friction between the apparel and the stain.

 3. Specimen should not be rolled for transit.

 4. Smaller objects like hair should be placed in a test tube and corked.

 5. Specimen should be thoroughly dried before packing.

 6. Fluid semen should be placed in a test tube. It maybe preserved by a few drops of 10%
solution of formalin during hot weather.
 Determination of Spermatozoa in
fresh semen
 1. Transfers a drop of specimen to a glass slide.

 2. Add a drop of water or saline solution and cover with cover slip

 3. Examine under the microscope

 4. Observe for the presence of spermatozoa

Elements which may obstruct detection of
Spermatozoa
 1. Nature of fabric

 2. Age of stain

 3. Condition to which the stain was exposed reaching the laboratory

 4. Handling of the specimen

Leader: Marina Blanca Ligutan
Member: Aubrey Nicole
Billy Jay Pelos
Khent Arevalo Rodriguez
Carmela Delacruz
CJ Baradi
Jhie Red Darasin
Madera Rieniel
Dela Cruz Carmela
Jerald Ornido
Kym Magalso
Presentend By: Baradi, CJ N.