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SEMINAL STAINS
SEMEN
-This is a viscid whitish fluid of the male reproductive tract
consisting of spermatozoa suspended in
The secretion of accessory glands.
PARTS OF SEMEN:
A. Seminal Fluid
B. Formed cellular elements which includes:
1. Spermatozoa or sperm cells
2. Epithelial cells
3. Crystals of choline and lecithin to 3.5 cc is the normal
quantity of seminal fluid in single ejaculation.
A. ASPERMIA
- A condition wherein males have no spermatozoa at all in their
seminal fluid.
B. OLIGOSPERM
- Condition whereby males have abnormally low sperm
counts or with few spermatozoa.
WHERE SEMEN AND SEMINAL STAINS
CAN BE FOUND:
4. Smaller objects like hair should be placed in a test tube and corked.
1. Physical Examination
2. Chemical Examination
A. Florence test
B. Barberio’s test
C. Acid-phosphatase test
3. Microscopic Examination
4. Biological Examination
I. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
SEMINAL STAINS:
A. FLORENCE TEST
-This is only a preliminary test, presence of spermatozoa confirms
the presence of seminal stains.
PROCEDURE: Cut a portion of the stain and divide into small bits then
soak in saline solution. Transfer into a slide, tease and evaporate the fluid.
Add a drop of Florence reagent and cover with cover slip. Examine
under the microscope.
VISIBLE OF POSITIVE RESULT: Crystals of choline periodide
that are dark brown, rhombic or needle shaped that occurs singly or in
crossed even grouped in clusters.
B. BARBERIO’S TEST
DETERMINATION OF SPERMATOZOA IN
FRESH SEMEN
1. Transfer a drop of specimen to a glass slide.
2. Add a drop of water or saline solution and cover with cover slip.
3. Examine under the microscope
4. Observe for the presence of spermatozoa.
DETERMINATION OF SPERMATOZOA IN
SEMINAL STAINS:
1. A small piece of material is teased on a slide in a drop of water.
2. Allow the smear to dry and then stain with LOFFLER’S
METHYLENE BLUE for a minute. Wash with water, dry and
examine under the microscope.
LIMITATION:
-The bacteria action which produces disintegration of spermatozoa
in seminal stain is equally effective in decomposing or digesting the protein
constituents of semen that acts as the antigen – producing antibodies.
Such seminal stain with their protein constituents completely disintegrated
cannot possibly precipitin reaction.
OTHER STAIN OF MEDICO-LEGAL
INTEREST
1. Obstetrical and gynaecological stains
2. Excrements
a. Adults – yellowish brown and solid
b. Infant – greenish yellow
3. Paint stains
4. Rust stains
a. Rust – reddish-brown in color,
insoluble in water and soluble in diluted
acid resembles blood stains.
5. Synthetic Dye Stains
a. Resembles old blood stain, but can be
recognized by treating with strong acid alkalis.
6. Mineral Stains
a. These are due to red paints containing
oxides of iron
7. Stains of Vegetable origin
a. Stain resembles blood. They may be
produced by fruit juices like mulberry and
mangosteen.