SCIENCE

10
THIRD QUARTER
Module 1

Most Essential Learning Competencies

Explain the role of hormones involved in the male and
female reproductive system. (S10LT-lllb-34)
 To the Learners
Each organ system performs specific functions for the body. The organ
systems also work together to help the body maintain homeostasis. In this
module, you will learn about the different hormones of the endocrine system
that are responsible and secreted in the reproductive system.
Read the instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this
learning kit.
1. Study the entire module.
2. Follow carefully all the instructions before doing anything.
3. Answer all the activities in this module.
4. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
5. Have fun studying.
Aireen Perez Evangelista

Expectations

In this module, you will learn the role of hormones in the male and female
reproductive system. Specifically, this module helps you to:
1. Explain the hormones secreted by the male reproductive system.
2. Explain the hormones secreted by the female reproductive system.
3. Discuss the role of hormones involved in the male and female reproductive
system.
4. Explain the effect of hormones secreted in the development of an organism.

Before you start studying this module, try to answer

the test below to find out what you already know
Pre-test about the topic “Hormones in the Male and Female
Reproductive System”.

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on
the blank provided before the number.

_____1. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone. Which of the following is an
oval organ of male that lies in the scrotum that is responsible for making of this
testosterone?
A. Penis C. Vas Deferens
B. Testes D. Bulbourethral Gland
_____2. Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from
germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. The hormones that stimulates
the production of testosterone which is necessary to continue the process of sper-
matogenesis in male reproductive system is ____________.
A. LH C. Estrogen
B. FSH D. Progesterone
_____3. Female reproductive hormones are usually made in the ovaries in females.
What do you call the female reproductive hormone that assists in endometrial re-
growth, ovulation and calcium absorption?
A. FSH C. Progesterone
B. Estrogen D. Testosterone
_____4. The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system comprising feedback
loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the
circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. Which of the following is NOT
a function of endocrine system?
A. Repair C. Respiration
B. Digestion D. Sexual Reproduction
_____5. Hormones serve as messengers, controlling and coordinating activities
throughout the body. Which of the following is the hormone that is necessary for
normal growth and found in the neck?
A. Estrogen C. Thyroid hormone
B. Testosterone D. Pituitary growth hormone

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 Looking Back

Activity 1: What am I?
In grade 9, you have discussed the Respiratory and Circulatory System. The
following activity will help you recall some of those concepts. You have to identify
the term being described. Choose your answer from the terms inside the figure.
Write your answer in the blank.

________1. I am called as windpipe. I am

a hollow tube that serves as passage way
of air into lungs. What am I?
________2. I am the finer subdivisions of
the bronchi. I am hair like tubes that
connect to alveoli. What am I?
________3. I am called as air sacs. I allow
the gas exchange in lungs. What am I?
________4. I am a hollow muscular organ.
I am about the size of your fist located in
the center of your chest between the
lungs. What am I?
________5. I act as one-way door. I allow
blood to flow either forward into the next
chamber, or out of the heart. What am I?

Read the following which discuss the

Brief Introduction male and female reproductive system.

The reproductive system also known as the genital system, is the biological
system made up of all anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. It includes
the male reproductive system which functions to produce and deposit sperm; and
the female reproductive system which functions to produce egg cell, and to protect
and nourish the fetus until birth.

In the male reproductive anatomy external structures include the following:

1. Penis – for sexual intercourse where semen contains sperm is expelled or ejacu-
lated.
2. Scrotum – the loose pouch – like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis which
contains the testicles. It acts as a climate control system for the testes.
3. Testicles (Testes) – oval organs about the size of very large olives that responsi-
ble for making testosterone (the primary sex hormone and for producing sperm). In-
side the testes are coiled masses of tubes called seminiferous tubules that are re-
sponsible for producing the sperm cells through a process called spermatogenesis.
4. Epididymis – a long, coiled tube that rests on the backside of each testicle. It car-
ries, store, and bring the sperm to maturity.

The internal organs of the male reproductive system include the following:
1. Vas Deferens – a long muscular tube that travels from the epididymis into the
pelvic cavity behind the bladder. It transports mature sperm to the urethra in prepa-
ration for ejaculation.
2. Ejaculatory Ducts – formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal
vesicles.
3. Urethra – tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body, and ex-
pelling semen when the man reaches orgasm.
4. Seminal vesicles – a sac – like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the
base of the bladder, it produces a sugar – rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperms
with a source of energy and helps with the sperms’ motility (ability to move).
5. Prostate gland – a walnut – sized structure that is located below the urinary
bladder in front of the rectum. It contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate, and
help to nourish the sperm.

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6. Bulbourethral glands or Cowper’s gland – a pea – sized structures located on
the sides of the urethra below the prostate gland. These glands produce a clear,
slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra. This fluid serves to lubricate the
urethra and to neutralize any acidity due to residual drops of urine in the urethra.

However, the female reproductive anatomy also includes external and internal
structures. The main external structures of the female reproductive system include:
1. Labia majora – the “large lips” that enclose and protect the other external repro-
ductive organs of female. It contains sweat and oil -secreting glands.
2. Labia minora – the “small lips” that lies inside the labia majora, it surrounds the
openings to the vagina and urethra.
3. Bartholin's glands – located besides the vaginal opening and produce a fluid
(mucus) secretion.
4. Clitoris – small, sensitive protrusion where two labia minora meet. It is covered
by a fold of skin called prepuce.

The internal reproductive organs in the female include:

1. Vagina – “birth canal”, it joins the cervix to the outside of the body.
2. Uterus (womb) – a hollow, pear shaped that is the home to a developing fetus di-
vided into two parts:
a. Cervix - the lower part that opens into the vagina.
b. Corpus – main body of the uterus that easily expand to hold a developing
baby.
3. Ovaries – small, oval – shaped glands that are located on either side of the uter-
us. It produces eggs and hormones.
4. Fallopian tubes – narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus
and serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells) to travel from the ovaries to the uterus. It
is where conception or the fertilization of an egg by a sperm occurs.

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 Activity 2: Odd Man Out
Let’s try to answer the following task. You see four words in each line. One
word is not related to the rest for some reason. You have to spot the odd
one and cross out. Example: Genitalia – Gonads – Cardiovascular – Sexual
Organs. Here Cardiovascular is odd; the three other words are related/synonyms
to reproductive system.

vas
1. penis scrotum testes deferens

2. uterus ovaries prostate fallopian

gland tube

3. epididymis Cowper’s seminal urethra

Gland vesicles

labia labia
4. majora vagina clitoris minora

5. scrotum testicles Bartholin’s ejaculatory

glands ducts

Activity 3: Hormones Secreted by the Male

Reproductive System
The entire male reproductive system is dependent on hormones, which are
chemicals that stimulates or regulate the activity of cells or organs. The pri-
mary hormones involved in the functioning of the male reproductive system
are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone.
FSH and LH are the two important messenger hormones that pituitary gland
makes. FSH is necessary for sperm production (spermatogenesis), and LH stimu-
lates the production of testosterone, which is necessary to continue the process of
spermatogenesis.
The testosterone, the most important androgen (male sex hormone) which is
secreted by the testes. It is secreted by cells that lie between the seminiferous tu-
bules, known as the Leydig cells. The testes also produce inhibin B and anti-
Mullerian hormone from Sertoli cells, and insulin-like factor 3 and estradiol from
the Leydig cells.

Now, let’s try to answer the following task. You have to identify the term that
is being described in each number. Then look for and circle each term in the
puzzle next page.

_________1. Male organ that produce testosterone.

_________2. The most important male sex hormones.
_________3. It stimulates the production of testosterone.
_________4. Hormone that necessary for sperm production.
_________5. Chemicals that stimulates or regulates the activity of cells or organs.
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 Here, you have to look and circle each term in the puzzle that was described
in the previous page.

R E P R O D U C T I V H T P N T O N G U E T A T E B
V A S U R E T H R L U O E O X E S T R O G E N I S R
A H A I R O C T M U I R E A L S V E S I C L E S Z F
F O L L I C L E S T I M U L A T I N G H O R M O N E
E R R D E F I S E E J O T H E O Y I S O N R A T A M
A M O U T H T T H I E N I P Q S C R Y T L H L U M A
N O S E G G O E G N E E K S R T A H S Q O F E G Y L
K N E C E L L S H I N O E P I E D Y T M I S L U I E
B E Y E D E F E R Z O O L T W R E P E N I S C W T Z
C S I G H T O E L I P R O P R O G E S T E R O N E U
E N D O C R I N E N S E M I N N A L K P D V X M S J
E J A C U L A T O G R Y M U V E N D O C R F S H T E

Activity 4: Hormones Secreted by the

Female Reproductive System

In the female reproductive system, as with the male, the anterior pituitary
hormones cause the release of hormones FSH and LH. In addition, estrogen
and progesterone are released from the developing follicles. Estrogen is the
reproductive hormone in females that assists in endometrial regrowth, ovulation,
and calcium absorption. Progesterone assists in endometrial re-growth and inhibi-
tion of FSH and LH release. FSH stimulates development of egg cells, called ova,
which develop in structures called follicles. Follicle cells produce the hormones in-
hibin, which inhibits FSH production. LH also plays a role in the development of
ova, induction of ovulation, and stimulation of estradiol and progesterone produc-
tion by the ovaries. Estradiol and progesterone are steroid that prepare the body for
pregnancy. Estradiol produces secondary sex characteristics in females, while both
estradiol and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle.
This time, try to arrange the jumbled letters to form the correct terms based
on the given definition. Write your answer on the blank.

___________1. Hormones that produced by the follicle cells.

N I I B H N I

___________2. Productive hormone in females.

S E T O R N E G

___________3. It produced secondary sex characteristics in females.

S R A L I O T E D

___________4. Released from the developing follicles.

R E P G E S T O N O R E

___________5. It caused the release of hormones FSH and LH.

P A Y L I T I T U R E R A T O N I

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 Activity 5: The Role of Hormones in the
Reproductive System
The roles of the endocrine system include: growth, repair, digestion, home-
ostasis and sexual reproduction. Reproductive hormones are usually made
in the testes in males and ovaries in females. Male reproductive hormones,
testosterone, help develop and maintain male sex characteristics and help male
sperm in the testes. Female reproductive hormones include estrogen and proges-
terone. They help develop and maintain female sex characteristics and play an im-
portant role in the menstrual cycle, fertility, and pregnancy.
The synthesis of both hormones is stimulated by the hypothalamus gonad-
otropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and they are produced in the same cells, the
expression and circulating levels of each hormone are distinct, in accordance with
their different roles in the reproductive function. In the female ovulatory cycle,
FSH is responsible for inducing follicular growth, while also increasing estrogen
production, while LH, apart from enhancing cholesterol availability for steroido-
genesis, also signals ovulation following its peak mid-cycle.
In this activity, you will answer the crossword puzzle using the given clues.

Across
1. One of the roles of the endo-
crine system is for __________.
2. Responsible for increasing es-
trogen production.
Down
3. Help develop and maintain fe-
male sex characteristics.
4. Develop and maintain male sex
characteristics
5. Signals ovulation.

Activity 6: The Effect of Hormone Secretion in

the Development of an Organism
Endocrine glands make chemical called hormones from the Greek word hor-
mones meaning arouse to activity and pass them straight into the blood
stream. Hormones can be through of as chemical messages. They influence or
control a wide range of physiological activities such as growth, development, puber-
ty, regulates sugar levels, bone growth and appetite.
The main hormones concerned with growth are pituitary growth hormone,
thyroid hormone, sex hormone testosterone and estrogen, and the pituitary gonado-
tropic (sex-gland-stimulating) hormones.
Pituitary growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland throughout life.
This is necessary for growth, without this hormone dwarfism results.
Thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland in the neck is necessary for normal
growth, though it does not itself stimulate growth. Without thyroid hormone, cells
do not develop and function properly, especially in the brain hormone, cells lack
thyroid hormone at birth are small and have insufficiently developed brains, they
are known as cretins.
Reproductive hormones play pivotal roles in the reproductive system of both
male and female puberty development, as well as their growth and sexual character.
Testosterone secreted by the testes in male reproductive organ is important in the
first stages of developing the male reproductive organs in a fetus. It also causes the
development of male characteristics such as growth of facial hair, deepening of the
voice, muscle mass and strength, fat distribution, bone mass, sex drive, and the
growth spurt that takes place during puberty. Testosterone is important in main-
taining these secondary male characteristics throughout a man’s life. From puberty
onwards, testosterone provides the main stimulus for sperm production.

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 However, the female sex hormones called estrogens, are first secreted in quan-
tity at puberty by cells in the ovary. Estrogen, reproductive hormone in females is re-
sponsible for the secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development, flar-
ing of the hips, and a shorter period necessary for bone maturation. The adolescent
growth spurt in the female is attribute to the combined actions of estradiol, growth
hormone, and the testosterone like substance androstenedione.
The pituitary secretes two other hormones concerns in development; (1) Folli-
cle-stimulating hormone (FSH), causes growth of the main portions of the ovary in
the female and the sperm-producing cells in the testis of the male; the other, luteiniz-
ing hormone (LH), causes growth and secretion of the testosterone-secreting cells of
the male and has an action in controlling the menstrual cycle in the female.
In this activity, place the two values together to make a complete picture of a man.
Column A is the name of hormones and Column B is the effect of that hormones.

Column Column
A B
Hormones Effect

1. A. for
LH normal
growth

B. for
2.
development
FSH of male
characteristics

3. C. for
Estrogen development
of female
characteristics

4. D. causes
Testosterone growth of
the main portion
of the ovary

E. causes
5.
growth and
Thyroid secretion of
Hormone the testosterone

Here are the terms and concepts you need to remember

Remember in this module.
 Reproductive system also known as the genital system, is the biological system
made up of all anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction.
 Male Reproductive System which its functions is to produce and deposit sperm.
Its external structures include the: penis, scrotum, testicles (testes), and epididy-
mis. While the internal organs include the: vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra,
seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Bulbourethral glands or Cowper’s gland.
 Female Reproductive System which its function is to produce egg cell. The main
external structures include the: labia majora, labia minora, Bartholin's glands and
clitoris. While the internal organs include the vagina, uterus (womb), ovaries and
fallopian tubes.
 Endocrine glands make chemical called hormones meaning arouse to activity and
pass them straight into the blood stream. They influence or control a wide range of
physiological activities such as growth, development, puberty, regulates sugar lev-
els, bone growth and appetite.
 The main hormones concerned with growth are pituitary growth hormone, thyroid
hormone, sex hormone testosterone and estrogen, and the pituitary gonadotropic
(sex-gland-stimulating) hormones.
 Reproductive hormones are usually made in the ovaries in females and testes in
males.
 The primary hormones involved in the functioning of the male reproductive system
are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone.
 In the female reproductive system, as with the male, the anterior pituitary hor-
mones cause the release of hormones FSH and LH. In addition, estrogen and pro-
gesterone are released from the developing follicles.
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Check Your Understanding
It’s time to check your understanding in this module, you have to complete the concept
map by referring to the given clues.

Clues:
1. It’s function is to produce and deposit sperm.
2. The function of this is to produce egg cell.
3. The loose pouch – like sac of skin which contains the testicles.
4. It is responsible for making testosterone .
5. A long, coiled tube that carries, store, and bring the sperm to maturity.
6. It was formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles.
7. A sac – like pouches that produces a sugar – rich fluid called fructose.
8. A walnut – sized structure that contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate, and
help to nourish the sperm.
9. Also called as Cowper’s gland – a pea – sized structures that produce a clear,
slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra.
10. It is necessary for sperm production (spermatogenesis).
11. The most important androgen (male sex hormone) which is secreted by the tes-
tes.
12. The “large lips” that enclose the other external reproductive organs of female. It
contains sweat and oil -secreting glands.
13. It produce a fluid (mucus) secretion.
14. A small, sensitive protrusion where two labia minora meet.
15. The “birth canal”, it joins the cervix to the outside of the body.
16. A hollow, pear shaped, the home to a developing fetus.
17. Small, oval – shaped glands that produces eggs and hormones.
18. Plays a role in the development of ova, induction of ovulation, and stimulation
of estradiol and progesterone production by the ovaries.
19. The reproductive hormone in females that assists in endometrial regrowth, ovu-
lation, and calcium absorption. It is responsible for the secondary sexual char-
acteristics such as breast development, flaring of the hips, and a shorter period
necessary for bone maturation.
20. It assists in endometrial re-growth and inhibition of FSH and LH release.

9
 Now that you have an understanding of the different hormones
Post-test in the human reproductive system, it’s time to answer the follow-
ing test. Good Luck!

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on
the blank provided before the number.

___1. A gland is an organ which produces and releases substances that perform a
specific function in the body. What do you call the small oval-shaped gland that
are located on either side of the uterus which produce eggs and hormones?
A. Clitoris C. Ovaries
B. Vagina D. Fallopian tubes
___2. The testes are a pair of sperm-producing organs that maintain the health of
the male reproductive system. The testes are known as gonads. The main hormone
secreted by the testes is ____________.
A. LH C. Estrogen
B. FSH D. Testosterone
___3. Pregnancy is the term used to describe the period in which a fetus develops
inside a woman's womb or uterus. Which of the following is the steroid that pre-
pare the body for pregnancy?
A. FSH C. Testosterone
B. Estrogen D. Progesterone
___4. Which of the following is the female reproductive hormones that help develop
and maintain female sex characteristics, and play an important role in the men-
strual of cycle, fertility, and pregnancy?
A. LH and FSH C. Estrogen and progesterone
B. LH and estrogen D. Testosterone and progesterone
___5. Testosterone affects a man's appearance and sexual development. Which of
the following is NOT an effect of male hormone testosterone?
A. Main stimulus for sperm production.
B. Breast development and flaring of hips.
C. Growth of facial hair and deepening of the voice.
D. Developing the male reproductive organs in a fetus.

Let’s check what you have learned in this module by

Reflection answering the following.

3-2-1 Countdown

List 3 things you’ve learned in this module.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

List 2 concepts/activities in this module that you considered as the most

challenging for you.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

List 1 way on how are you going to take care your reproductive system.
___________________________________________________________________________

Congratulations you are now done with your task!

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