Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

©Rodri- , 2018 (personal collection )

Quarter 3 Week 1 Module 1

Most Essential Learning Competency

Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and male

reproductive systems
HOW TO USE THIS SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL
(SLM)

Before you start answering the SLeM, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
SLeM.
Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons.
Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM. Write your answers in the
ANSWER SHEET provided.
Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned. Enjoy
studying!
PARTS OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL

Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the SLeM.

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.

Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending on the
nature of the activity.

Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons.

Checking your Understanding – This will verify how you learned from the lesson.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
SLeM.
 PRETEST

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer that best completes the sentence or
answers the question. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A body’s chemical messenger secreted throughout the body that play an important
role in the reproductive system refers to:
A. glands C. toxins
B. hormones D. neurons
2. What region of the brain produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) which
stimulates FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary glands?
A. Thalamus C. Hypothalamus
B. Midbrain D. Cerebrum
3. Which of the following hormones facilitate spermatogenesis and testosterone
production?
A. Estrogen and progesterone
B. Follicle stimulating hormone and inhibin
C. Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Estrogen and Progesterone?
A. Estrogen is responsible in the development of secondary sex characteristics while
Progesterone are mainly responsible for the thickening of uterus during pregnancy
B. Both Estrogen and Progesterone are responsible in thickening of the uterus and
inhibits FSH and LH for most of the cycle.
C. Estrogen is responsible in the secretion of GnRH while Progesterone is to produce LH
and FSH.
D. Both A and B are correct.
5. If LH production was blocked, which of the following might happen? A.
Testosterone will decrease.

B. Testosterone will increase.

C. GnRH will decrease.
D. Inhibin will increase.
 LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Do you still remember the first lesson your teacher taught you about female and male
reproductive system? Let me test you by doing this simple activity. Fill in the missing
letters and describe each word referring to the functions of each part of the female and
the male reproductive system. For the next part, locate/place the correct part in each
given box to complete the figure. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

Female and Male Reproductive Systems con

sist of the following parts:

1 . O_I_U_T
It serves as passageway of eggs from the ova
ry to the uterus; site of fertilization.
2 . _V_R_
It produces egg cells.
3 . T_ S _ E_
This pair of organs produces sperm cells.
4 . _A_ _N_
This receives the penis during mating. It is
also known as birth canal.
5 . U_E_HR_
This is the passageway of the sperm and
urine going to the exterior of the male body.

Figure 1.1 Inside Male Reproductive System (Vector, n.d )

 BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Figure 1.2. Female and male undergo changes in their body (Raisingchildren, 2016)

Have you ever wondered how your body develops? Individuals undergo changes in their
body as they grow older. Humans experience growth of pubic hair, development of
breasts, deeper voice, broader shoulders, and growth. Take note that male have specific
development as well as with the female. As you have learned in your previous lesson,
hormones play important roles in our body. It regulates and balance the functions of
organs, tissues, and cells. Thus, reproduction is basically controlled by hormones.
Reproduction involves complex process where hormones are vital for the
development of individuals as they reach the puberty stage. It requires the action of
hormones from the pituitary gland, the adrenal cortex, and the gonads. Hormones have
specific functions in the male and female reproductive systems. Generally, both female
and male reproductive systems involve common hormones but, female reproductive is
more complex than the male. In this module, you will learn more about the role of
hormones involved in the female and male reproductive system and its responsibility
in such changes in our body.

Activity 1: Riddle Time!

Objective: Identify the hormones and glands involved in the female and male
reproductive system
Directions: Label with the correct hormone or gland in each item. Remember that you are
given with a riddle to identify it. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

I am part of the brain but not part of the nerves. I instruct

a gland that secretes FSH and LH. Who Am I?

I obey what GnRH says. I am friendly coz’ I give what they

need. Who Am I?
LESSON 1: Know Your Hormones!
Finally I’m out! I am with someone with the same job, I
also triggers Estrogen and Progesterone to come out.
Whom am I?

I am with someone who does the same job —to develop egg
cells. But, hey! We are totally different in some ways. Who
Am I?

She’s good when I’m good. I can change someone’s look but
don’t worry, they look prettier. Who Am I?

If you are fully grown up lady, I’m here to shape you up! I
can make your body prepare for something special. Who
Am I?

Your body undergoes changes and development. These changes result from the
special chemical messengers secreted into your bloodstream---- these are called
hormones. These signaling chemicals bring about major changes in our body even though
they are produced in microscopic amounts by the endocrine glands, such as the pituitary
gland, ovaries, and testes.
During puberty, the hypothalamus, a region of the brain, secretes
Gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) that signals the anterior pituitary gland to
release two hormones: follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone
(LH). In males, both FSH and LH enter the testes. FSH stimulates the production of sperm
cells. LH instead stimulates the release of the hormone testosterone, which is responsible
for the development of male secondary sex characteristics such as deepening of voice and
formation of facial hairs. In females, the control of reproduction is more complex where
FSH stimulates the development of egg cells, called ova while LH also plays a vital role to
its development.
Egg cells are developed in structures called follicles, which produce estrogen and
progesterone. Estrogen assists in the endometrial (lining of the uterus) growth, ovulation,
and calcium absorption. It is also the female counterpart of testosterone as it induces the
development of female secondary sex characteristics such as breast development and
formation of rounded hips. Progesterone, although produced by both sexes, is more
commonly known for its function in females, particularly in the body’s preparation for the
implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterus during pregnancy.
Remember that every hormone in your body has special roles. It maintains the
balance of the development of our body especially needed for reproduction. Do you want to
know more about your hormones? Let us continue!

REMEMBER!
Hormones are chemical messengers released by endocrine glands. In both males and females,
hormones play an important role in the development and function of the reproductive system.

Activity 2: Follow the Arrow

Objective: Determine how hormones influence the male and female reproductive system
Directions: Fill in the blanks to complete the names of the hormones involved in the
regulation of the male and female reproductive system. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
G__________N R_______G
H_____E
-secreted from the hypothalamus
that stimulates the production of
FSH and LH

F________E S_________G
H________E
a hormone that secreted
from the anterior pituitary
gland and travels in the
blood to the Sertoli cells of
testes to facilitate spermato
genesis; it is also responsible
in the development of egg
cells

L_________G H_________E
-secreted from the anterior pitui- E_____________N
tary gland to the Leydig cells of the - secreted from the ovaries that
testes and to the ovaries to causes the development of the
stimulate testosterone production secondary sexual characteristics
as well as the production of of female.
Estrogen and Progesterone

P________________E
- secreted from the ovaries that play
T____________E
an important role in the preparation
-secreted from the Leydig cells
of the uterus for pregnancy
to the Sertoli cells to stimulate
the development of secondary
sex characteristicsand, in coor
dination with FSH, to stimulate
sperm production

I________N
-secreted by the Sertoli cells
signaling the anterior pituitary
gland to stop the production of
LH and FSH

Lesson 2: It’s In the Flow!

The male reproductive system is largely under the control of hormones. At the start
of puberty, the hypothalamus starts to release Gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH)
signaling the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and
luteinizing hormone (LH). The FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testes to produce
sperm. The LH, on the other hand, stimulates the Leydig cells of testes to produce and
secrete testosterone into the testes and the bloodstream. Testosterone is the male
hormone responsible for the appearance of male secondary sex characteristics, aside from
its role in spermatogenesis (sperm production).
 When the sperm count is enough, testosterone from the Leydig cells and the inhibin
from the Sertoli cells signal the anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus to stop
producing GnRH, FSH, and LH completing the cycle of hormonal regulation of the male
reproductive system.
Now let us take a look the female side. Regulation of the female reproductive system
is a process that involves the action of hormones released by the hypothalamus and the
anterior pituitary gland. During puberty stage, the hypothalamus produces
Gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) which activates the release of Follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LSH) from the anterior pituitary gland. These
hormones travel in the blood to the ovaries and stimulate the production of reproductive
hormones. These hormones regulate the ovaries and called as gonadotropins. FSH
stimulates the development of egg cells together with LH. Moreover, LH also plays a vital
role in the stimulation of Estrogen and Progesterone, known as reproductive hormones,
responsible in the secondary sex characteristics and preparation of the uterus for
pregnancy, respectively.

Good to Know!

Hormones play important roles in both male and female reproductive systems:

Male Female

The hypothalamus releases Gonadotropin -releasing hormone (GnRH) to the anterior

pituitary gland

The anterior pituitary gland in turn The anterior pituitary gland in turn
releases FSH and LH to the testes releases FSH and LH to the ovaries

FSH facilitates sperm production in the Estrogen and Progesterone are secreted
testes and testosterone is released by from the ovaries that cause the develop-
the testes to stimulate the development ment of sexual characteristics of female in
of secondary sex characteristics preparation of the uterus for pregnancy

Checking your Understanding

Directions: Analyze the diagram as shown to the right then answer the questions below.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Observation Questions:
1. What region of the brain that
secretes GnRH?
2. What hormones involved in the female and
male reproductive system?
Critical Thinking Questions:
3. Do you think the diagram exhibits the
hormonal production involved in both male
and female reproductive system? Explain
4. What might happen to your body when one
of the reproductive hormones, Progesterone,
oversecretes during the process?
5. How will you describe the regulatory
function of hypothalamus in the endocrine
system?
6. What do you think might happen to the
sperm count if the testes releases too and
much
testosterone?
Care and Concern for others:
7. Why is it important to take care of yourself
during puberty stage?
8. How can you show respect
appreciation of one’s unique appearance?

Take Note

• Hormones play an important role in both male and female reproductive systems.
• The hypothalamus releases GnRH to the anterior pituitary gland and in turn releases
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) to the testes in
male and ovaries in female
• FSH facilitates sperm production in the testes and testosterone is released by the
testes to stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics.

• Estrogen and Progesterone are secreted from the ovaries that cause the development
of sexual characteristics of female in preparation of the uterus for pregnancy.

• It is important to take good care of ourselves through proper hygiene and observe
proper manner and show respect in individual differences.

POST TEST

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer that best completes the sentence or
answers the question. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What gland secretes FSH and LH which are responsible in the development of the egg
cells?
A. Hypothalamus C. Midbrain
B. Gonads D. Anterior Pituitary
2. All statements are true about reproductive hormones, Progesterone and Estrogen
EXCEPT
A. Estrogen and Progesterone both secreted from the ovaries and causes the
secondary sexual characteristics and prepare the body for pregnancy
B. Estrogen and Progesterone are reproductive hormones that makes the body change in
appearance like development of breasts, growth of pubic hair, and menstruation during
the puberty stage .
C. Estrogen and Progesterone are secreted by the Hypothalamus for the development of
the egg cells.
D. Estrogen and Progesterone are reproductive hormones that are vital in the growth and
development of the body.
3. What hormone is the male counterpart of estrogen?
A. Estradiol C. Luteinizing hormone
B. Inhibin D. Testosterone
4. What are the hormones secreted by the testes that regulate the number of sperm cells
produced by the males?
A. GnRH and FSH C. Inhibin and Testosterone
B. FSH and LH D. Testosterone and Estrogen
5. Which hormones are responsible in controlling reproduction specifically in the
development of egg cells (ova)?
A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. GnRH and LH
C. FSH and gonadotropins
D. None of the above

REFERENCES

Lumen Learning. (n.d). Biology for Majors II. Retrieved from

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/reproductivehormones/

The Open University. (2017). Antenatal Care Module 4: Hormonal Regulation of the
 Female Reproductive System. Retrieved from
https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.phpid=34&printa
ble=1
Khan Academy. (2016). The Reproductive System Review. Retrieved from https://
www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-human-bodysystems/hs
the-reproductive-system/a/hs-the-reproductive-system-review

Morelli, A. (2020). Adolescent Physical Development: Part II. Retrieved from: https://
www.risas.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=41154&cn=1310

PHOTO CREDITS

Adair, Renee, et.al (2016). Changes in the body. Retrieved from https:// r a i s i n g c h i l
dren.net.au/pre-teens/development/puberty-sexual-development/physical
changes-in-puberty

Vector stock (n.d). Inside Male Reproductive System. Retrieved from https://
www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/chart-showing-male-reproductive-system
-vector-9715993

Acknowledgements

Writers : Marlie D. Burro, Davis Karl B. Manuel and

Cherry B. Rodriguez
Illustrator: Cherry B. Rodriguez
Editors : Rebecca M. Roxas -EPS
Reviewer : Arlen S. Gatpo
Public School District Supervisor
Management Team : Maria Magdalena M. Lim
Schools Division Superintendent -Manila
Aida H. Rondilla
Chief Education Supervisor
Lucky S. Carpio
Education Program Supervisor
Lady Hannah C Gillo,
Librarian II -LRMS