Introduction

Mathematics is a logical and creative activity employing abstraction and generalization to

identify, describe, and apply patterns and relationships. The symbolic nature of mathematics
provides a powerful, precise, and concise means of communication.
Mathematical ideas have evolved across all cultures over thousands of years and are
constantly developing. Digital technologies facilitate this expansion of ideas, providing access to
new tools for continuing mathematical exploration and invention. Mathematics is integral to
scientific and technological advances in many fields of endeavour. In addition to its practical
applications, the study of Mathematics is a valuable pursuit in its own right providing
opportunities for originality, challenge, and leisure.
Mathematics is an indispensable subject. The subject encompasses a lot of significance
and importance in everyday living. Knowingly or unknowingly, we are using mathematics in
every facets of life. It is an instrument for the development of all other sciences. Science may be
an independent body of knowledge and foundation of discovery but without the aid of
mathematics, the application of its theories maybe vague and inexact. And Mathematics plays a
major role in developing student’s logical thinking and higher- order cognitive skills.
However, Mathematics as study dealing with numbers have been the subject afraid by
many. It seems to be a stigma for someone who hasn’t love for numbers. Mathematics is a
subject that causes negative emotions. Students dislike mathematics as they perceive it as a
difficult subject. Learners failed to realize the importance of math because they can’t find the
application of the subject in their daily living.
According to Bretz ( 2001) , Novak’s Theory of Human Constructivism states that a
meaningful learning underlies the constructive integration of thinking, feeling ,and acting leading
to human empowerment for commitment and responsibility. Meaningful learning will only occur
when education provides experience that requires student to connect knowledge across the three
domains, cognitive, affective , and psychomotor domain. Students must not only read concepts,
but must also perform activities which allow them to connect these abstract concepts to choices
they must take in their daily lives.
According to Town ( 2000) experiential learning theory uses personal experience as the
focal point for learning because it gives meaning to abstract concepts. It characterize learning as
continuous process grounded in experience. Concepts are derived from and continuously
modified by experience throughout life. Learning is a process where knowledge is created
through the transformation of experience. Thus, learning requires both perceiving and
transforming an experience. Perception alone is not enough because something must be done so
that experience brigs about learning.
 The only way we will be able to educate students to master the basic of mathematics and
have solid problem solving skills is if we teach mathematics using concept-rich instructions that
include meaningful practice, decontextualization allowing students to generalize concepts and
skills, allow students to reflect and verbalize mathematical concepts and their generalizations,
recontextualization allowing students to generalize their knowledge in new contexts and
integration of mathematical concepts and problem solving skills into other subjects.
The Philippines K to 12 Basic Education program endeavours to develop holistic
individuals who will possess 21st century skills- the essential 4C’s for an individual to be
competitive in the 21st Century World: Communication, Collaboration, Creative Thinking and
Critical Thinking. With the implementation, it is now more necessary that students have the
needed knowledge and essential skills to be competitive in the global arena. They must exhibit
confidence and must have the ability to do work with this continuously changing and demanding
society.
Calculus is the language invented for the specific purpose of describing the dynamic
nature of the universe. Simply stated, calculus is the maths of motion and change. The subject,
Advanced Calculus is anchored to the guiding vision and mission of Bicol University; that we,
teachers as leaders and change agents of social transformation and development must not be
complacent and reluctant to what could we achieve more. We should always be after higher
learning. We must be able to go with the motion and change brought to us by 21st century world ,
possessing the skills and knowledge as modern teacher, and allow ourselves to find ways to
integrate our subject to other disciplines for students to see connection of this to the real world.
Conscious efforts must be made to see positive changes among students in Mathematics subject.
We shall always encourage students to explore non -routine mathematical problems that can
develop critical thinking skills like research, discussion and experimentation.