Bài tập lượng giác có lời giải PDF

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CHÖÔNG 1: COÂNG THÖÙC LÖÔÏNG GIAÙC
I. Ñònh nghóa
Treân maët phaúng Oxy cho ñöôøng troøn löôïng giaùc taâm O baùn kính R=1 vaø ñieåm M
treân ñöôøng troøn löôïng giaùc maø sñ AM = β vôùi 0 ≤ β ≤ 2π
Ñaët α = β + k2π,k ∈ Z
Ta ñònh nghóa:
sin α = OK
cos α = OH
sin α
tgα = vôùi cos α ≠ 0
cos α
cos α
cot gα = vôùi sin α ≠ 0
sin α
II. Baûng giaù trò löôïng giaùc cuûa moät soá cung (hay goùc) ñaëc bieät
Goùc α ( )
0 0o π
( )
30o
π
( )
45o
π
( )
60o
π
( )
90o
Giaù trò 6 4 3 2
sin α 0 1 2 3 1
2 2 2
cos α 1 3 2 1 0
2 2 2
tgα 0 3 1 3 ||
3
cot gα || 3 1 3 0
3
III. Heä thöùc cô baûn

sin 2 α + cos2 α = 1
1 π
1 + tg2α = vôùi α ≠ + kπ ( k ∈ Z )
cos α
2
2
1
t + cot g2 = vôùi α ≠ kπ ( k ∈ Z )
sin 2 α
IV. Cung lieân keát (Caùch nhôù: cos ñoái, sin buø, tang sai π ; phuï cheùo)
a. Ñoái nhau: α vaø −α
sin ( −α ) = − sin α
cos ( −α ) = cos α
tg ( −α ) = −tg ( α )
cot g ( −α ) = − cot g ( α )
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b. Buø nhau: α vaø π − α

sin ( π − α ) = sin α
cos ( π − α ) = − cos α
tg ( π − α ) = − tgα
cot g ( π − α ) = − cot gα
c. Sai nhau π : α vaø π + α
sin ( π + α ) = − sin α
cos ( π + α ) = −cosα
tg ( π + α ) = t gα
cot g ( π + α ) = cot gα
π
d. Phuï nhau: α vaø −α
2
⎛π ⎞
sin ⎜ − α ⎟ = cos α
⎝2 ⎠
⎛π ⎞
cos ⎜ − α ⎟ = sin α
⎝2 ⎠
⎛π ⎞
tg ⎜ − α ⎟ = cot gα
⎝2 ⎠
⎛π ⎞
cot g ⎜ − α ⎟ = tgα
⎝2 ⎠
π π
e.Sai nhau : α vaø + α
2 2
⎛π ⎞
sin ⎜ + α ⎟ = cos α
⎝2 ⎠
⎛π ⎞
cos ⎜ + α ⎟ = − sin α
⎝2 ⎠
⎛π ⎞
tg ⎜ + α ⎟ = − cot gα
⎝2 ⎠
⎛π ⎞
cot g ⎜ + α ⎟ = − tgα
⎝2 ⎠
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f.
sin ( x + kπ ) = ( −1) sin x, k ∈ Z
k
cos ( x + kπ ) = ( −1) cos x, k ∈ Z

k
tg ( x + kπ ) = tgx, k ∈ Z
cot g ( x + kπ ) = cot gx
V. Coâng thöùc coäng

sin ( a ± b ) = sin a cos b ± sin b cosa
cos ( a ± b ) = cosa cos b ∓ sin asin b
tga ± tgb
tg ( a ± b ) =
1 ∓ tgatgb
VI. Coâng thöùc nhaân ñoâi

sin 2a = 2sin a cosa
cos2a = cos2 a − sin 2 a = 1 − 2sin 2 a = 2 cos2 a − 1
2tga
tg2a =
1 − tg2a
cot g2a − 1
cot g2a =
2 cot ga
VII. Coâng thöùc nhaân ba:

sin3a = 3sin a − 4sin3 a
cos3a = 4 cos3 a − 3cosa
VIII. Coâng thöùc haï baäc:

1
sin 2 a = (1 − cos2a )
2
1
cos2 a = (1 + cos2a )
2
1 − cos2a
tg2a =
1 + cos2a
IX. Coâng thöùc chia ñoâi

a
Ñaët t = tg (vôùi a ≠ π + k2 π )
2
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2t
sin a =
1 + t2
1 − t2
cosa =
1 + t2
2t
tga =
1 − t2
X. Coâng thöùc bieán ñoåi toång thaønh tích

a+b a−b
cosa + cos b = 2 cos cos
2 2
a+b a−b
cosa − cos b = −2sin sin
2 2
a+b a−b
sin a + sin b = 2 cos sin
2 2
a+ b a−b
sin a − sin b = 2 cos sin
2 2
sin ( a ± b )
tga ± tgb =
cosa cos b
sin ( b ± a )
cot ga ± cot gb =
sin a.sin b
XI. Coâng thöùc bieån ñoåi tích thaønh toång

1
cosa.cos b = ⎡ cos ( a + b ) + cos ( a − b ) ⎤⎦
2⎣
−1
sin a.sin b = ⎡ cos ( a + b ) − cos ( a − b ) ⎤⎦
2 ⎣
1
sin a.cos b = ⎡⎣sin ( a + b ) + sin ( a − b ) ⎤⎦
2
sin 4 a + cos4 a − 1 2
Baøi 1: Chöùng minh =
sin 6 a + cos6 a − 1 3
Ta coù:
sin 4 a + cos4 a − 1 = ( sin 2 a + cos2 a ) − 2sin 2 a cos2 a − 1 = −2sin 2 a cos2 a
2
Vaø:
sin 6 a + cos6 a − 1 = ( sin 2 a + cos2 a )( sin 4 a − sin 2 a cos2 a + cos4 a ) − 1
= sin 4 a + cos4 a − sin 2 a cos2 a − 1
= (1 − 2sin 2 a cos2 a ) − sin 2 a cos2 a − 1
= −3sin 2 a cos2 a
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sin 4 a + cos4 a − 1 −2sin 2 a cos2 a 2

Do ñoù: = =
sin 6 a + cos6 a − 1 −3sin 2 a cos2 a 3
1 + cos x ⎡ (1 − cos x ) ⎤
2
Baøi 2: Ruùt goïn bieåu thöùc A = = ⎢1 + ⎥

sin x ⎢⎣ sin 2 x ⎥⎦
1 π
Tính giaù trò A neáu cos x = − vaø < x < π
2 2
1 + cos x ⎛ sin 2 x + 1 − 2 cos x + cos2 x ⎞
Ta coù: A = ⎜ ⎟
sin x ⎝ sin 2 x ⎠
1 + cos x 2 (1 − cos x )
⇔A= .
sin x sin 2 x
2 (1 − cos2 x ) 2sin 2 x 2
⇔A= = = (vôùi sin x ≠ 0 )
sin x
3
sin x sin x
3
1 3
Ta coù: sin 2 x = 1 − cos2 x = 1 − =
4 4
π
Do: < x < π neân sin x > 0
2
3
Vaäy sin x =
2
2 4 4 3
Do ñoù A = = =
sin x 3 3
Baøi 3: Chöùng minh caùc bieåu thöùc sau ñaây khoâng phuï thuoäc x:
a. A = 2 cos4 x − sin 4 x + sin2 x cos2 x + 3sin 2 x
2 cot gx + 1
b. B = +
tgx − 1 cot gx − 1
a. Ta coù:
A = 2 cos4 x − sin 4 x + sin2 x cos2 x + 3sin2 x
⇔ A = 2 cos4 x − (1 − cos2 x ) + (1 − cos2 x ) cos2 x + 3 (1 − cos2 x )
2
⇔ A = 2 cos4 x − (1 − 2 cos2 x + cos4 x ) + cos2 x − cos4 x + 3 − 3cos2 x

⇔ A = 2 (khoâng phuï thuoäc x)
b. Vôùi ñieàu kieän sin x.cosx ≠ 0,tgx ≠ 1

2 cot gx + 1
Ta coù: B = +
tgx − 1 cot gx − 1
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1
+1
2 tgx 2 1 + tgx
⇔ B= + = +
tgx − 1 1 − 1 tgx − 1 1 − tgx
tgx
2 − (1 − tgx ) 1 − tgx
⇔ B= = = −1 (khoâng phuï thuoäc vaøo x)
tgx − 1 tgx − 1
Baøi 4: Chöùng minh

1 + cosa ⎡ (1 − cosa ) ⎤ cos2 b − sin 2 c
2
⎢1 − 2
⎥+ 2 2
− cot g2 b cot g2 c = cot ga − 1
2sin a ⎢ sin a ⎥ sin bsin c
⎣ ⎦
Ta coù:
cos2 b − sin 2 c
* − cot g2 b.cot g2 c
sin b.sin c
2 2
cotg2 b 1
= − 2 − cot g2 b cot g2 c
sin c sin b
2
( ) ( )
= cot g2 b 1 + cot g2 c − 1 + cot g2 b − cot g 2 b cot g2 c = −1 (1)
1 + cosa ⎡ (1 − cosa ) ⎤
2
* ⎢1 − ⎥
2sin a ⎢ sin 2 a ⎥
⎣ ⎦
1 + cosa ⎡ (1 − cosa ) ⎤
2
= ⎢1 − ⎥
2sin a ⎢ 1 − cos2 a ⎥
⎣ ⎦
1 + cosa ⎡ 1 − cosa ⎤
= 1−
2sin a ⎢⎣ 1 + cosa ⎥⎦
1 + cosa 2 cosa
= . = cot ga (2)
2sin a 1 + cosa
Laáy (1) + (2) ta ñöôïc ñieàu phaûi chöùng minh xong.
Baøi 5: Cho ΔABC tuøy yù vôùi ba goùc ñeàu laø nhoïn.

Tìm giaù trò nhoû nhaát cuûa P = tgA.tgB.tgC
Ta coù: A + B = π − C
Neân: tg ( A + B) = − tgC
tgA + tgB
⇔ = − tgC
1 − tgA.tgB
⇔ tgA + tgB = −tgC + tgA.tgB.tgC
Vaäy: P = tgA.tgB.tgC = tgA + tgB + tgC
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AÙp duïng baát ñaúng thöùc Cauchy cho ba soá döông tgA,tgB,tgC ta ñöôïc
tgA + tgB + tgC ≥ 3 3 tgA.tgB.tgC
⇔ P ≥ 33 P
⇔ 3 P2 ≥ 3
⇔P≥3 3
⎧ tgA = tgB = tgC
⎪ π
Daáu “=” xaûy ra ⇔ ⎨ π ⇔ A = B=C=
⎪⎩ 0 < A,B,C < 2 3
π
Do ñoù: MinP = 3 3 ⇔ A = B = C =
3
Baøi 6 : Tìm giaù trò lôùn nhaát vaø nhoû nhaát cuûa
a/ y = 2 sin 8 x + cos4 2x
b/ y = 4 sin x − cos x
4
⎛ 1 − cos 2x ⎞
a/ Ta coù : y = 2 ⎜ ⎟ + cos 2x
4
⎝ 2 ⎠
Ñaët t = cos 2x vôùi −1 ≤ t ≤ 1 thì
1 4
y = (1 − t ) + t 4
8
1 3
=> y ' = − (1 − t ) + 4t 3
2
Ta coù : y ' = 0 Ù (1 − t ) = 8t 3
3
⇔ 1 − t = 2t
1
⇔t=
3
1 ⎛1⎞
Ta coù y(1) = 1; y(-1) = 3; y ⎜ ⎟ =
27 ⎝ 3⎠
1
Do ñoù : Max y = 3 vaø Miny =
x∈ x∈ 27
b/ Do ñieàu kieän : sin x ≥ 0 vaø cos x ≥ 0 neân mieàn xaùc ñònh

⎡ π ⎤
D = ⎢ k2π, + k2π ⎥ vôùi k ∈
⎣ 2 ⎦
Ñaët t = cos x vôùi 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 thì t = cos x = 1 − sin x
4 2 2
Neân sin x = 1 − t4
Vaäy y = 1 − t − t treân D ' = [ 0,1]
8 4
−t 3
Thì y ' = − 1 < 0 ∀t ∈ [ 0; 1)
2. (1 − t
8
)
4 7
Neân y giaûm treân [ 0, 1 ]. Vaäy : max y = y ( 0 ) = 1, min y = y (1) = −1

x∈ D x∈ D
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Baøi 7: Cho haøm soá y = sin4 x + cos4 x − 2m sin x cos x

Tìm giaù trò m ñeå y xaùc ñònh vôùi moïi x
Xeùt f (x) = sin 4 x + cos4 x − 2m sin x cos x

f ( x ) = ( sin 2 x + cos2 x ) − m sin 2x − 2 sin 2 x cos2 x
2
1
f ( x) = 1 − sin2 2x − m sin 2x
2
Ñaët : t = sin 2x vôùi t ∈ [ −1, 1]
y xaùc ñònh ∀x ⇔ f ( x ) ≥ 0∀x ∈ R
1 2
⇔ 1− t − mt ≥ 0 ∀t ∈ [ −1,1]
2
⇔ g ( t ) = t 2 + 2mt − 2 ≤ 0 ∀t ∈ [ −1,1]
Do Δ ' = m2 + 2 > 0 ∀m neân g(t) coù 2 nghieäm phaân bieät t1, t2
Luùc ñoù t t1 t2
g(t) + 0 - 0
Do ñoù : yeâu caàu baøi toaùn ⇔ t1 ≤ −1 < 1 ≤ t 2
⎧⎪1g ( −1) ≤ 0 ⎧−2m − 1 ≤ 0
⇔⎨ ⇔ ⎨
⎪⎩1g (1) ≤ 0 ⎩2m − 1 ≤ 0
⎧ −1
⎪⎪ m ≥ 2 1 1
⇔⎨ ⇔− ≤m≤
⎪m ≤ 1 2 2
⎪⎩ 2
Caùch khaùc :
g ( t ) = t 2 + 2mt − 2 ≤ 0 ∀t ∈ [ −1, 1]
⇔ max g (t ) ≤ 0 ⇔ max { g (−1), g (1)} ≤ 0
t ∈[ −1,1 ]
⎧ −1
⎪⎪ m ≥ 2
⇔ max {−2m − 1),− 2m + 1)} ≤ 0 ⇔ ⎨
⎪m ≤ 1
⎪⎩ 2
1 1
⇔− ≤m≤
2 2
π 3π 5π 7π 3
Baøi 8 : Chöùng minh A = sin4 + sin4 + sin4 + sin4 =
16 16 16 16 2
7π ⎛π π ⎞ π
Ta coù : sin = sin ⎜ − ⎟ = cos
16 ⎝ 2 16 ⎠ 16
5π ⎛ π 5π ⎞ 3π
sin = cos ⎜ − ⎟ = cos
16 ⎝ 2 16 ⎠ 16
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Maët khaùc : sin 4 α + cos4 α = ( sin 2 α + cos2 α ) − 2 sin 2 α cos2 α

2
= 1 − 2sin2 α cos2 α
1
= 1 − sin2 2α
2
π 7π 3π 5π
Do ñoù : A = sin4 + sin4 + sin4 + sin4
16 16 16 16
⎛ π π ⎞ ⎛ 4 3π 3π ⎞
= ⎜ sin 4 + cos4 ⎟ + ⎜ sin + cos4 ⎟
⎝ 16 16 ⎠ ⎝ 16 16 ⎠
⎛ 1 π⎞ ⎛ 1 3π ⎞
= ⎜ 1 − sin 2 ⎟ + ⎜ 1 − sin 2 ⎟
⎝ 2 8⎠ ⎝ 2 8 ⎠
1⎛ π 3π ⎞
= 2 − ⎜ sin 2 + sin 2 ⎟
2⎝ 8 8 ⎠
1⎛ π π⎞ ⎛ 3π π⎞
= 2 − ⎜ sin 2 + cos2 ⎟ ⎜ do sin = cos ⎟
2⎝ 8 8⎠ ⎝ 8 8⎠
1 3
= 2− =
2 2
Baøi 9 : Chöùng minh : 16 sin 10o .sin 30o .sin 50o .sin 70o = 1
A cos 10o 1
Ta coù : A = = (16sin10ocos10o)sin30o.sin50o.sin70o
cos 10 o
cos 10 o
1 ⎛1⎞
o (
⇔ A= 8 sin 20o ) ⎜ ⎟ cos 40o . cos 20o
cos 10 ⎝2⎠
1
o (
⇔ A= 4 sin 200 cos 20o ) . cos 40o
cos10
1
o (
⇔ A= 2 sin 40o ) cos 40o
cos10
1 cos 10o
⇔ A= sin 80 o
= =1
cos10o cos 10o
A B B C C A
Baøi 10 : Cho ΔABC . Chöùng minh : tg tg + tg tg + tg tg = 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
A+B π C
Ta coù : = −
2 2 2
A+B C
Vaäy : tg = cot g
2 2
A B
tg + tg
⇔ 2 2 = 1
A B C
1 − tg .tg tg
2 2 2
⎡ A B ⎤ C A B
⇔ ⎢ tg + tg ⎥ tg = 1 − tg tg
⎣ 2 2⎦ 2 2 2
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A C B C A B
⇔ tg tg + tg tg + tg tg = 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
π π π π
Baøi 11 : Chöùng minh : 8 + 4tg + 2tg + tg = cot g ( *)
8 16 32 32
π π π π
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ 8 = cot g − tg − 2tg − 4tg
32 32 16 8
cos a sin a cos a − sin a
2 2
Maø : cot ga − tga = − =
sin a cos a sin a cos a
cos 2a
= = 2 cot g2a
1
sin 2a
2
Do ñoù :
⎡ π π⎤ π π
(*) ⇔ ⎢ cot g − tg ⎥ − 2tg − 4tg = 8
⎣ 32 32 ⎦ 16 8
⎡ π π⎤ π
⇔ ⎢ 2 cot g − 2tg ⎥ − 4tg = 8
⎣ 16 16 ⎦ 8
π π
⇔ 4 cot g − 4tg = 8
8 8
π
⇔ 8 cot g = 8 (hieån nhieân ñuùng)
4
Baøi :12 : Chöùng minh :

⎛ 2π ⎞ ⎛ 2π ⎞ 3
a/ cos2 x + cos2 ⎜ + x ⎟ + cos2 ⎜ − x⎟ =
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ 2
1 1 1 1
b/ + + + = cot gx − cot g16x
sin 2x sin 4x sin 8x sin16x
⎛ 2π ⎞ ⎛ 2π ⎞
a/ Ta coù : cos2 x + cos2 ⎜ + x ⎟ + cos2 ⎜ − x⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
1 1⎡ ⎛ 4π ⎞ ⎤ 1 ⎡ ⎛ 4π ⎞⎤
= (1 + cos 2x ) + ⎢1 + cos ⎜ 2x + ⎟ ⎥ + ⎢1 + cos ⎜ − 2x ⎟ ⎥
2 2⎣ ⎝ 3 ⎠⎦ 2 ⎣ ⎝ 3 ⎠⎦
3 1⎡ ⎛ 4π ⎞ ⎛ 4π ⎞⎤
= + ⎢ cos 2x + cos ⎜ 2x + ⎟ + cos ⎜ − 2x ⎟ ⎥
2 2⎣ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠⎦
3 1⎡ 4π ⎤
= + ⎢ cos 2x + 2 cos 2x cos ⎥
2 2⎣ 3⎦
3 1⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞⎤
= + ⎢ cos 2x + 2 cos 2x ⎜ − ⎟ ⎥
2 2⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦
3
=
2
cos a cos b sin b cos a − sin a cos b
b/ Ta coù : cot ga − cot gb = − =
sin a sin b sin a sin b
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sin ( b − a )
=
sin a sin b
sin ( 2x − x ) 1
Do ñoù : cot gx − cot g2x = = (1 )
sin x sin 2x sin 2x
sin ( 4x − 2x ) 1
cot g2x − cot g4x = = ( 2)
sin 2x sin 4x sin 4x
sin ( 8x − 4x ) 1
cot g4x − cot g8x = = ( 3)
sin 4x sin 8x sin 8x
sin (16x − 8x ) 1
cot g8x − cot g16x = = (4)
sin16x sin 8x sin16x
Laáy (1) + (2) + (3) + (4) ta ñöôïc
1 1 1 1
cot gx − cot g16x = + + +
sin 2x sin 4x sin 8x sin16x
Baøi 13 : Chöùng minh : 8sin3 180 + 8sin2 180 = 1

Ta coù: sin180 = cos720
⇔ sin180 = 2cos2360 - 1
⇔ sin180 = 2(1 – 2sin2180)2 – 1
⇔ sin180 = 2(1 – 4sin2180+4sin4180)-1
⇔ 8sin4180 – 8sin2180 – sin180 + 1 = 0 (1 )
⇔ (sin180 – 1)(8sin3180 + 8sin2180 – 1) = 0
⇔ 8sin3180 + 8sin2180 – 1 = 0 (do 0 < sin180 < 1)
Caùch khaùc :
Chia 2 veá cuûa (1) cho ( sin180 – 1 ) ta coù
( 1 ) ⇔ 8sin2180 ( sin180 + 1 ) – 1 = 0
Baøi 14 : Chöùng minh :

1
a/ sin4 x + cos4 x = ( 3 + cos 4x )
4
1
b/ sin 6x + cos 6x = ( 5 + 3cos 4x )
8
1
c/ sin8 x + cos8 x = ( 35 + 28 cos 4x + cos 8x )
64
a/ Ta coù: sin 4 x + cos4 x = ( sin 2 x + cos2 x ) − 2 sin 2 x cos2 x
2
2
=1− sin2 2x
4
1
= 1 − (1 − cos 4 x )
4
3 1
= + cos 4x
4 4
b/ Ta coù : sin6x + cos6x
= ( sin 2 x + cos2 x )( sin 4 x − sin 2 x cos2 x + cos4 x )
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1
= ( sin4 x + cos4 x ) − sin2 2x
4
⎛3 1 ⎞ 1
= ⎜ + cos 4x ⎟ − (1 − cos 4x ) ( do keát quaû caâu a )
⎝4 4 ⎠ 8
3 5
= cos 4x +
8 8
c/ Ta coù : sin 8 x + cos8 x = ( sin 4 x + cos4 x ) − 2 sin 4 x cos4 x
2
1 2
( 3 + cos 4x ) − sin4 2x
2
=
16 16
2
1 1 ⎡1 ⎤
=
16
( 9 + 6 cos 4x + cos 4x ) − 8 ⎢⎣ 2 (1 − cos 4x )⎥⎦
2
9 3 1 1
= + cos 4x + (1 + cos 8x ) − (1 − 2 cos 4x + cos2 4x )
16 8 32 32
9 3 1 1 1
= + cos 4x + cos 8x + cos 4x − (1 + cos 8x )
16 8 32 16 64
35 7 1
= + cos 4x + cos 8x
64 16 64
Baøi 15 : Chöùng minh : sin 3x.sin3 x + cos 3x.cos3 x = cos3 2x
Caùch 1:
Ta coù : sin 3x.sin3 x + cos 3x.cos3 x = cos3 2x
= ( 3sin x − 4 sin 3 x ) sin 3 x + ( 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x ) cos3 x
= 3sin4 x − 4 sin6 x + 4 cos6 x − 3cos4 x
= 3 ( sin 4 x − cos4 x ) − 4 ( sin 6 x − cos6 x )
= 3 ( sin 2 x − cos2 x )( sin 2 x + cos2 x )
−4 ( sin 2 x − cos2 x )( sin 4 x + sin 2 x cos2 x + cos4 x )
= −3 cos 2x + 4 cos 2x ⎡⎣1 − sin 2 x cos2 x ⎤⎦
⎛ 1 ⎞
= −3 cos 2x + 4 cos 2x ⎜ 1 − sin 2 2x ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠
⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞⎤
= cos 2x ⎢ −3 + 4 ⎜ 1 − sin 2 2x ⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦
= cos 2x (1 − sin 2 2x )
= cos3 2x
Caùch 2 :
Ta coù : sin 3x.sin3 x + cos 3x.cos3 x
⎛ 3sin x − sin 3x ⎞ ⎛ 3 cos x + cos 3x ⎞
= sin 3x ⎜ ⎟ + cos 3x ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
3 1
= ( sin 3x sin x + cos 3x cos x ) + ( cos2 3x − sin2 3x )
4 4
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3 1
= cos ( 3x − x ) + cos 6x
4 4
1
= ( 3cos 2x + cos 3.2x )
4
1
= ( 3cos 2x + 4 cos3 2x − 3cos 2x ) ( boû doøng naøy cuõng ñöôïc)
4
= cos3 2x
3 +1
Baøi 16 : Chöùng minh : cos12o + cos18o − 4 cos15o.cos 21o cos 24 o = −
2
Ta coù : cos12 + cos18 − 4 cos15 ( cos 21 cos 24 )
o o o o o
= 2 cos15o cos 3o − 2 cos15o ( cos 45o + cos 3o )

= 2 cos15o cos 3o − 2 cos15o cos 45o − 2 cos15o cos 3o
= −2 cos15o cos 45o
= − ( cos 60o + cos 30o )
3 +1
=−
2
Baøi 17 : Tính P = sin2 50o + sin2 70 − cos 50o cos70o

1 1 1
Ta coù : P = (1 − cos100o ) + (1 − cos140o ) − ( cos120o + cos 20o )
2 2 2
1 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
P = 1 − ( cos100o + cos140o ) − ⎜ − + cos 20o ⎟
2 2⎝ 2 ⎠
1 1
P = 1 − ( cos120o cos 20o ) + − cos 20o
4 2
5 1 1 5
P = + cos 20o − cos 20o =
4 2 2 4
8 3
Baøi 18 : Chöùng minh : tg30o + tg40o + tg50o + tg60o = cos 20o
3
sin ( a + b )
AÙp duïng : tga + tgb =
cos a cos b
Ta coù : ( tg50 + tg40 ) + ( tg30o + tg60o )
o o
sin 90o sin 90o

= +
cos 50o cos 40o cos 30o cos 60o
1 1
= +
sin 40 cos 40
o o
1
cos 30o
2
2 2
= +
sin 80o
cos 30o
⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= 2⎜ + ⎟
⎝ cos10 cos 30o ⎠
o
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⎛ cos 30o + cos10o ⎞

= 2⎜ o ⎟
⎝ cos10 cos 30 ⎠
o
cos 20p cos10o

=4
cos10o cos 30o
8 3
= cos 20o
3
Baøi 19 : Cho ΔABC , Chöùng minh :
A B C
a/ sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
b/ socA + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
c/ sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 sin A sin B sin C
d/ cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C = −2 cos A cos B cos C
e/ tgA + tgB + tgC = tgA.tgB.tgC
f/ cot gA.cot gB + cot gB.cot gC + cot gC.cot gA = 1
A B C A B C
g/ cot g + cot g + cot g = cot g .cot g .cot g
2 2 2 2 2 2
A+B A−B
a/ Ta coù : sin A + sin B + sin C = 2sin cos + sin ( A + B )
2 2
A + B⎛ A−B A + B⎞
= 2 sin ⎜ cos + cos ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 2 ⎠
C A B ⎛ A + B π C⎞
= 4 cos cos cos ⎜ do = − ⎟
2 2 2 ⎝ 2 2 2⎠
A+B A−B
b/ Ta coù : cos A + cos B + cos C = 2 cos cos − cos ( A + B )
2 2
A+B A−B ⎛ A+B ⎞
= 2 cos cos − ⎜ 2 cos2 − 1⎟
2 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
A+B⎡ A−B A + B⎤
= 2 cos ⎢ cos − cos +1
2 ⎣ 2 2 ⎥⎦
A+B A ⎛ B⎞
= −4 cos sin sin ⎜ − ⎟ + 1
2 2 ⎝ 2⎠
C A B
= 4 sin sin sin + 1
2 2 2
c/ sin 2A sin 2B + sin 2C = 2 sin ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) + 2 sin C cos C
= 2 sin C cos(A − B) + 2 sin C cos C
= 2sin C[cos(A − B) − cos(A + B) ]
= −4 sin Csin A sin( − B)
= 4 sin C sin A sin B
d/ cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C
1
= 1 + ( cos 2A + cos 2B ) + cos2 C
2
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= 1 + cos ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) + cos2 C

= 1 − cos C ⎡⎣cos ( A − B ) − cos C ⎤⎦ do ( cos ( A + B ) = − cos C )
= 1 − cos C ⎡⎣cos ( A − B ) + cos ( A + B ) ⎤⎦
= 1 − 2 cos C.cos A.cos B
e/ Do a + b = π − C neân ta coù
tg ( A + B ) = −tgC
tgA + tgB
⇔ = −tgC
1 − tgAtgB
⇔ tgA + tgB = −tgC + tgAtgBtgC
⇔ tgA + tgB + tgC = tgAtgBtgC
f/ Ta coù : cotg(A+B) = - cotgC
1 − tgAtgB
⇔ = − cot gC
tgA + tgB
cot gA cot gB − 1
⇔ = − cot gC (nhaân töû vaø maãu cho cotgA.cotgB)
cot gB + cot gA
⇔ cot gA cot gB − 1 = − cot gC cot gB − cot gA cot gC
⇔ cot gA cot gB + cot gB cot gC + cot gA cot gC = 1
A+B C
g/ Ta coù : tg = cot g
2 2
A B
tg + tg
⇔ 2 2 = cot g C
A B 2
1 − tg tg
2 2
A B
cot g + cot g
⇔ 2 2 = cot g C (nhaân töû vaø maãu cho cotg A .cotg B )
A B 2 2 2
cot g .cot g − 1
2 2
A B A B C C
⇔ cot g + cot g = cot g cot g cot g − cot g
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
⇔ cot g + cot g + cot g = cot g .cot g .cot g
2 2 2 2 2 2
Baøi 20 : Cho ΔABC . Chöùng minh :

cos2A + cos2B + cos 2C + 4cosAcosBcosC + 1 = 0
Ta coù : (cos2A + cos2B) + (cos2C + 1)

= 2 cos (A + B)cos(A - B) + 2cos2C
= - 2cosCcos(A - B) + 2cos2C
= - 2cosC[cos(A – B) + cos(A + B)] = - 4cosAcosBcosC
Do ñoù : cos2A + cos2B + cos2C + 1 + 4cosAcosBcosC = 0
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3A 3B 3C
cos3A + cos3B + cos3C = 1 - 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
Ta coù : (cos3A + cos3B) + cos3C
3 3 3C
= 2 cos (A + B) cos (A − B) + 1 − 2sin2
2 2 2
3 3 3C
Maø : A + B = π − C neân ( A + B ) = π −
2 2 2
3 ⎛ 3π 3C ⎞
=> cos ( A + B ) = cos ⎜ − ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 2 ⎠
⎛ π 3C ⎞
= − cos ⎜ − ⎟
⎝2 2 ⎠
3C
= − sin
2
Do ñoù : cos3A + cos3B + cos3C
3C 3 ( A − B) 3C
= −2 sin cos − 2sin 2 +1
2 2 2
3C ⎡ 3 ( A − B) 3C ⎤
= −2 sin ⎢cos + sin ⎥ +1
2 ⎣ 2 2 ⎦
3C ⎡ 3 ( A − B) 3 ⎤
= −2 sin ⎢cos − cos ( A + B ) ⎥ + 1
2 ⎣ 2 2 ⎦
3C 3A −3B
= 4 sin sin sin( ) +1
2 2 2
3C 3A 3B
= −4 sin sin sin +1
2 2 2
Baøi 22 : A, B, C laø ba goùc cuûa moät tam giaùc. Chöùng minh :

sin A + sin B − sin C A B C
= tg tg cot g
cos A + cos B − cos C + 1 2 2 2
A+B A−B C C
2 sin cos − 2 sin cos
sin A + sin B − sin C 2 2 2 2
Ta coù : =
cos A + cos B − cos C + 1 A+B A−B 2 C
2 cos cos + 2 sin
2 2 2
C⎡ A−B C⎤ A−B A+B
2 cos ⎢cos − sin ⎥ cos − cos
2⎣ 2 2⎦ C 2 2
= = cot g .
C⎡ A−B C⎤ 2 cos A − B + cos A + B
2 sin ⎢cos + sin ⎥
2⎣ 2 2⎦ 2 2
A ⎛ B⎞
−2 sin .sin ⎜ − ⎟
C 2 ⎝ 2⎠
= cot g .
2 A B
2 cos .cos
2 2
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C A B
= cot g .tg .tg
2 2 2

A B C B C A C A B
sin cos cos + sin cos cos + sin cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B B C A C
= sin sin sin + tg tg + tg tg + tg tg ( *)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A+B π C ⎛ A B⎞ C
Ta coù : = − vaäy tg ⎜ + ⎟ = cot g
2 2 2 ⎝ 2 2⎠ 2
A B
tg + tg
⇔ 2 2 = 1
A B C
1 − tg tg tg
2 2 2
⎡ A B⎤ C A B
⇔ ⎢ tg + tg ⎥ tg = 1 − tg tg
⎣ 2 2⎦ 2 2 2
A C B C A B
⇔ tg tg + tg tg + tg tg = 1 (1)
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C B C A C A B
Do ñoù : (*) Ù sin cos cos + sin cos cos + sin cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C
= sin sin sin + 1 (do (1))
2 2 2
A⎡ B C B C⎤ A⎡ B C C B⎤
⇔ sin ⎢cos cos − sin sin ⎥ + cos ⎢sin cos + sin cos ⎥ = 1
2⎣ 2 2 2 2⎦ 2⎣ 2 2 2 2⎦
A B+C A B+C
⇔ sin cos + cos sin =1
2 2 2 2
A+B+C π
⇔ sin = 1 ⇔ sin = 1 ( hieån nhieân ñuùng)
2 2
A B C 3 + cos A + cos B + cos C

Baøi 24 : Chöùng minh : tg + tg + tg = ( *)
2 2 2 sin A + sin B + sin C
Ta coù :
A+B A−B ⎡ C⎤
cos A + cos B + cos C + 3 = 2 cos cos + ⎢1 − 2 sin 2 ⎥ + 3
2 2 ⎣ 2⎦
C A−B C
= 2sin cos + 4 − 2sin2
2 2 2
C⎡ A−B C⎤
= 2 sin ⎢cos − sin ⎥ + 4
2⎣ 2 2⎦
C⎡ A−B A + B⎤
= 2 sin ⎢cos − cos +4
2⎣ 2 2 ⎥⎦
C A B
= 4 sin sin .sin + 4 (1)
2 2 2
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A+B A−B
sin A + sin B + sin C = 2sin cos + sin C
2 2
C A−B C C
= 2 cos cos + 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
C⎡ A−B A + B⎤
= 2 cos ⎢ cos + cos
2⎣ 2 2 ⎥⎦
C A B
= 4 cos cos cos (2)
2 2 2
Töø (1) vaø (2) ta coù :
A B C A B C
sin sin sin sin sin sin + 1
(*) ⇔ 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 2 2
A B C A B C
cos cos cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
A⎡ B C⎤ B⎡ A C⎤ C⎡ A B⎤
⇔ sin ⎢cos cos ⎥ + sin ⎢cos cos ⎥ + sin ⎢cos cos ⎥
2⎣ 2 2⎦ 2⎣ 2 2⎦ 2⎣ 2 2⎦
A B C
= sin sin sin + 1
2 2 2
A⎡ B C B C⎤ A⎡ B C C B⎤
⇔ sin ⎢cos cos − sin sin ⎥ + cos ⎢sin cos + sin cos ⎥ = 1
2⎣ 2 2 2 2⎦ 2⎣ 2 2 2 2⎦
A B+C A B+C
⇔ sin .cos + cos sin =1
2 2 2 2
⎡A + B + C⎤
⇔ sin ⎢ ⎥⎦ = 1
⎣ 2
π
⇔ sin = 1 ( hieån nhieân ñuùng)
2
A B C
sin sin sin
Baøi 25 : Cho ΔABC . Chöùng minh: 2 + 2 + 2 =2
B C C A A B
2 2 2 2 2 2
Caùch 1 :
A B A A B B
sin sin sin cos + sin cos
Ta coù : 2 + 2 = 2 2 2 2
B C C A A B C
cos cos cos cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A+B A−B
sin cos
1 sin A + sin B 2 2
= =
2 cos A cos B cos C A
cos cos cos
B C
2 2 2 2 2 2
C A−B ⎛ A − B⎞
cos .cos cos ⎜ ⎟
2 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
= =
A B C A B
cos .cos .cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2
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⎛ A − B⎞ C A−B A+B
cos ⎜ ⎟ sin cos + cos
Do ñoù : Veá traùi = ⎝ 2 ⎠+ 2 = 2 2
A B A B A B
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B
2 cos cos
= 2 2 =2
A B
cos cos
2 2
Caùch 2 :
B+C A+C A+B
cos cos cos
Ta coù veá traùi = 2 + 2 + 2
B C C A A B
2 2 2 2 2 2
B C B C A C A C
cos cos − sin sin cos cos − sin sin
= 2 2 2 2 + 2 2 2 2
B C C A
cos cos cos cos
2 2 2 2
A B A B
cos cos − sin sin
+ 2 2 2 2
A B
cos cos
2 2
⎡ B C A C A B⎤
= 3 − ⎢ tg tg + tg tg + tg tg ⎥
⎣ 2 2 2 2 2 2⎦
A B B C A B
Maø : tg tg + tg tg + tg tg = 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
(ñaõ chöùng minh taïi baøi 10 )
Do ñoù : Veá traùi = 3 – 1 = 2
A B C
Baøi 26 : Cho ΔABC . Coù cot g , cot g , cot g theo töù töï taïo caáp soá coäng.
2 2 2
A C
Chöùng minh cot g .cot g = 3
2 2
A B C
Ta coù : cot g , cot g , cot g laø caáp soá coäng
2 2 2
A C B
⇔ cot g + cot g = 2 cot g
2 2 2
A+C B
sin 2 cos
⇔ 2 = 2
A C B
sin sin sin
2 2 2
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B B
cos 2 cos
⇔ 2 = 2
A C B
sin sin sin
2 2 2
1 2 B
⇔ = (do 0<B< π neân cos > 0 )
A C A+C 2
sin sin cos
2 2 2
A C A C
cos cos − sin sin
⇔ 2 2 2 2 = 2 ⇔ cot g A cot g C = 3
A C 2 2
sin .sin
2 2

1 1 1 1⎡ A B C A B C⎤
+ + = ⎢ tg + tg + tg + cot g + cot g + cot g ⎥
sin A sin B sin C 2 ⎣ 2 2 2 2 2 2⎦
A B C A B C
Ta coù : cot g + cot g + cot g = cot g .cot g .cot g
2 2 2 2 2 2
(Xem chöùng minh baøi 19g )
sin α cos α 2
Maët khaùc : tgα + cot gα = + =
cos α sin α sin 2α
1⎡ A B C A B C⎤
Do ñoù : ⎢ tg + tg + tg + cotg + cotg + cotg ⎥
2⎣ 2 2 2 2 2 2⎦
1⎡ A B C⎤ 1 ⎡ A B C⎤
= ⎢ tg + tg + tg ⎥ + ⎢ cotg + cotg + cotg ⎥
2⎣ 2 2 2⎦ 2 ⎣ 2 2 2⎦
1⎡ A A⎤ 1 ⎡ B B⎤ 1 ⎡ C C⎤
= ⎢ tg + cot g ⎥ + ⎢ tg + cot g ⎥ + ⎢ tg + cot g ⎥
2⎣ 2 2⎦ 2⎣ 2 2⎦ 2⎣ 2 2⎦
1 1 1
= + +
sin A sin B sin C
BAØI TAÄP
1. Chöùng minh :
π 2π 1
a/ cos − cos =
5 5 2
cos15 + sin15
o o
b/ = 3
cos15o − sin15o
2π 4π 6π 1
c/ cos + cos + cos =−
7 7 7 2
d/ sin 2x sin 6x + cos 2x.cos 6x = cos3 4x
3 3
e/ tg20o.tg40o.tg60o.tg80o = 3
π 2π 5π π 8 3 π
f/ tg + tg + tg + tg = cos
6 9 18 3 3 9
π 2π 3π 4π 5π 6π 7π 1
g/ cos .cos .cos .cos .cos .cos .cos =
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 27
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⎡π ⎤ ⎡π ⎤
h/ tgx.tg ⎢ − x ⎥ .tg ⎢ + x ⎥ = tg3x
⎣3 ⎦ ⎣3 ⎦
k/ tg20 + tg40 + 3tg20o.tg40o = 3
o o
3
e/ sin 20o.sin 40o.sin 80o =
8
m/ tg5 .tg55 .tg65 .tg75 = 1
o o o o
⎧sin x = 2 sin ( x + y )
⎪
2. Chöùng minh raèng neáu ⎨ π
⎪ x + y ≠ ( 2k + 1) ( k ∈ z )
⎩ 2
sin y
thì tg ( x + y ) =
cos y − 2
3. Cho ΔABC coù 3 goùc ñeàu nhoïn vaø A ≥ B ≥ C
a/ Chöùng minh : tgA + tgB + tgC = tgA.tgB.tgC
b/ Ñaët tgA.tgB = p; tgA.tgC = q
Chöùng minh (p-1)(q-1) ≥ 4
4. Chöùng minh caùc bieåu thöùc khoâng phuï thuoäc x :
a/ A = sin 4 x (1 + sin 2 x ) + cos4 x (1 + cos2 x ) + 5 sin 2 x cos2 x + 1
b/ B = 3 ( sin 8 x − cos8 x ) + 4 ( cos6 x − 2 sin 6 x ) + 6 sin 4 x
c/ C = cos2 ( x − a ) + sin2 ( x − b ) − 2 cos ( x − a ) sin ( x − b ) sin ( a − b )
5. Cho ΔABC , chöùng minh :
cos C cos B
a/ cot gB + = cot gC +
sin B cos A sin C cos A
A B C 3A 3B 3C
b/ sin3 A + sin3 B + sin3 C = 3cos cos cos + cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B−C B A−C
c/ sin A + sin B + sin C = cos .cos + cos .cos
2 2 2 2
C A−B
+ cos .cos
2 2
d/ cotgAcotgB + cotgBcotgC + cotgCcotgA = 1
e/ cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C = 1 − 2 cos A cos B cos C
f/ sin3Asin(B- C)+ sin3Bsin(C- A)+ sin3Csin(A- B) = 0
6. Tìm giaù trò nhoû nhaát cuûa :
1 1 π
a/ y = + vôùi 0 < x <
sin x cos x 2
9π
b/ y = 4x + + sin x vôùi 0 < x < ∞
x
c/ y = 2 sin 2 x + 4 sin x cos x + 5
7. Tìm giaù trò lôùn nhaát cuûa :
a/ y = sin x cos x + cos x sin x
b/ y = sinx + 3sin2x
c/ y = cos x + 2 − cos2 x
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Chöông 2 : PHÖÔNG TRÌNH LÖÔÏNG GIAÙC CÔ BAÛN
⎡ u = v + k2π
sin u = sin v ⇔ ⎢
⎣ u = π − v + k2π
cos u = cos v ⇔ u = ± v + k2π
⎧ π
⎪u ≠ + kπ
tgu = tgv ⇔ ⎨ 2 ( k, k ' ∈ Z )
⎪⎩u = v + k ' π
⎧u ≠ kπ
cot gu = cot gv ⇔ ⎨
⎩u = v + k ' π
π
Ñaëc bieä t : sin u = 0 ⇔ u = kπ cos u = 0 ⇔ u = + kπ
2
π
sin u = 1 ⇔ u = + k2π ( k ∈ Z ) cos u = 1 ⇔ u = k2π ( k ∈ Z )
2
π
sin u = −1 ⇔ u = − + k2π cos u = −1 ⇔ u = π + k2π
2
Chuù yù : sin u ≠ 0 ⇔ cos u ≠ ±1
cos u ≠ 0 ⇔ sin u ≠ ±1
Baø i 28 : (Ñeà thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i D, naê m 2002)
Tìm x ∈ [ 0,14 ] nghieäm ñuùn g phöông trình
cos 3x − 4 cos 2x + 3 cos x − 4 = 0 ( * )
Ta coù (*) : ⇔ ( 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x ) − 4 ( 2 cos2 x − 1) + 3 cos x − 4 = 0
⇔ 4 cos3 x − 8 cos2 x = 0 ⇔ 4 cos2 x ( cos x − 2 ) = 0
⇔ cos x = 0 hay cos x = 2 ( loaï i vì cos x ≤ 1)
π
⇔ x= + kπ ( k ∈ Z )
2
π
Ta coù : x ∈ [ 0,14] ⇔ 0 ≤ + kπ ≤ 14
2
π π 1 14 1
⇔ − ≤ kπ ≤ 14 − ⇔ −0, 5 = − ≤ k ≤ − ≈ 3, 9
2 2 2 π 2
⎧ π 3π 5π 7π ⎫
Maø k ∈ Z neâ n k ∈ {0,1, 2, 3} . Do ñoù : x ∈ ⎨ , , , ⎬
⎩2 2 2 2 ⎭
Giaû i phöông trình :
( 2 cos x − 1)( 2 sin x + cos x ) = sin 2x − sin x ( *)
Ta coù (*) ⇔ ( 2 cos x − 1)( 2 sin x + cos x ) = sin x ( 2 cos x − 1)
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⇔ ( 2 cos x − 1) ⎡⎣( 2 sin x + cos x ) − sin x ⎤⎦ = 0

⇔ ( 2 cos x − 1)( sin x + cos x ) = 0
1
⇔ cos x = ∨ sin x = − cos x
2
π ⎛ π⎞
⇔ cos x = cos ∨ tgx = −1 = tg ⎜ − ⎟
3 ⎝ 4⎠
π π
⇔ x = ± + k2π ∨ x = − + kπ, ( k ∈ Z )
3 4
Baø i 30 : Giaû i phöông trình cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + cos 4x = 0 (*)

Ta coù (*) ⇔ ( cos x + cos 4x ) + ( cos 2x + cos 3x ) = 0
5x 3x 5x x
⇔ 2 cos .cos + 2 cos .cos = 0
2 2 2 2
5x ⎛ 3x x⎞
⇔ 2 cos ⎜ cos + cos ⎟ = 0
2 ⎝ 2 2⎠
5x x
⇔ 4 cos cos x cos = 0
2 2
5x x
⇔ cos = 0 ∨ cos x = 0 ∨ cos = 0
2 2
5x π π x π
⇔ = + kπ ∨ x = + kπ ∨ = + kπ
2 2 2 2 2
π 2kπ π
⇔ x= + ∨ x = + kπ ∨ x = π + 2π, ( k ∈ Z )
5 5 2
Baø i 31: Giaû i phöông trình sin 2 x + sin 2 3x = cos2 2x + cos2 4x ( * )

1 1 1 1
Ta coù (*) ⇔ (1 − cos 2x ) + (1 − cos 6x ) = (1 + cos 4x ) + (1 + cos 8x )
2 2 2 2
⇔ − ( cos 2x + cos 6x ) = cos 4x + cos 8x
⇔ −2 cos 4x cos 2x = 2 cos 6x cos 2x
⇔ 2 cos 2x ( cos 6x + cos 4x ) = 0
⇔ 4 cos 2x cos 5x cos x = 0
⇔ cos 2x = 0 ∨ cos 5x = 0 ∨ cos x = 0
π π π
⇔ 2x = + kπ ∨ 5x + kπ ∨ x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
2 2 2
π kπ π kπ π
⇔ x= + ∨x= + ∨ x = + kπ , k ∈ ]
4 2 10 5 2
Baø i 32 : Cho phöông trình
⎛π x⎞ 7
sin x.cos 4x − sin2 2x = 4 sin 2 ⎜ − ⎟ − ( *)
⎝4 2⎠ 2
Tìm caù c nghieä m cuûa phöông trình thoûa : x − 1 < 3
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1 ⎡ π ⎤ 7
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ sin x.cos 4x − (1 − cos 4x ) = 2 ⎢1 − cos ⎜⎛ − x ⎟⎞ ⎥ −
2 ⎣ ⎝2 ⎠⎦ 2
1 1 3
⇔ sin x cos 4x − + cos 4x = − − 2sin x
2 2 2
1
⇔ sin x cos 4x + cos 4x + 1 + 2sin x = 0
2
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
⇔ cos 4x ⎜ sin x + ⎟ + 2 ⎜ sin x + ⎟ = 0
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
1
⇔ ( cos 4x + 2) ⎜⎛ sin x + ⎟⎞ = 0
⎝ 2⎠
⎡cos 4x = −2 ( loaï i ) ⎡ π
⎢ x = − + k 2π
⎢ 6
⇔ ⎢sin x = − 1 = sin ⎛ − π ⎞ ⇔ ⎢
⎢⎣ ⎜ ⎟ ⎢ x = 7π + 2hπ
2 ⎝ 6⎠ ⎢⎣ 6
Ta coù : x − 1 < 3 ⇔ −3 < x − 1 < 3 ⇔ −2 < x < 4
π
Vaäy : −2 < − + k2π < 4
6
π π 1 1 2 1
⇔ − 2 < 2kπ < 4 + ⇔ − <k< +
6 6 12 π π 12
π
Do k ∈ Z neân k = 0. Vaä y x = −
6
7π
−2 < + h2π < 4
6
7π 7π 1 7 2 7
⇔ −2 − < h2π < 4 − ⇔− − <h< −
6 6 π 12 π 12
7π −π 7π
⇒h = 0 ⇒ x = .Toù m laï i x = hay x =
6 6 6
1 −π
Caùc h khaù c : sin x = − ⇔ x = (−1)k + kπ, k ∈ ]
2 6
−π −2 −1 4
Vaäy : −2 < (−1)k + kπ < 4 ⇔ < (−1)k +k<
6 π 6 π
−π 7π
⇔ k=0 vaø k = 1. Töông öùn g vôù i x = hay x =
6 6
Baø i 33 : Giaû i phöông trình

sin 3 x cos 3x + cos3 x sin 3x = sin 3 4x ( * )
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ sin 3 x ( 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x ) + cos3 x ( 3sin x − 4 sin 3 x ) = sin 3 4x
⇔ 4 sin3 x cos3 x − 3sin3 x cos x + 3sin x cos3 x − 4 sin3 x cos3 x = sin3 4x
⇔ 3sin x cos x ( cos2 x − sin 2 x ) = sin 3 4x
3
⇔ sin 2x cos 2x = sin3 4x
2
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3
⇔ sin 4x = sin3 4x
4
⇔ 3sin 4x − 4 sin3 4x = 0
⇔ sin12x = 0
kπ
⇔ 12x = kπ ⇔ x= ( k ∈ Z)
12
Baø i 34 : (Ñeà thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i B, naê m 2002)
sin 2 3x − cos2 4x = sin 2 5x − cos2 6a ( * )
Ta coù : (*) ⇔
1 1 1 1
(1 − cos 6x ) − (1 + cos 8x ) = (1 − cos10x ) − (1 + cos12x )
2 2 2 2
⇔ cos 6x + cos 8x = cos10x + cos12x
⇔ 2 cos7x cos x = 2 cos11x cos x
⇔ 2 cos x ( cos 7x − cos11x ) = 0
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ cos7x = cos11x
π
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ 7x = ±11x + k 2π
2
π kπ kπ
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = − ∨x= ,k ∈]
2 2 9
( sin x + sin 3x ) + sin 2x = ( cos x + cos 3x ) + cos 2x
⇔ 2sin 2x cos x + sin 2x = 2 cos 2x cos x + cos 2x
⇔ sin 2x ( 2 cos x + 1) = cos 2x ( 2 cos x + 1)
⇔ ( 2 cos x + 1) ( sin 2x − cos 2x ) = 0
1 2π
⇔ cos x = −= cos ∨ sin 2x = cos 2x
2 3
2π π
⇔ x=± + k2π ∨ tg2x = 1 = tg
3 4
2π π π
⇔ x=± + k2π ∨ x = + k , ( k ∈ Z )
3 8 2
Baø i 36: Giaû i phöông trình

cos 10x + 2 cos2 4x + 6 cos 3x. cos x = cos x + 8 cos x. cos3 3x ( * )
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ cos10x + (1 + cos 8x ) = cos x + 2 cos x ( 4 cos3 3x − 3 cos 3x )
⇔ ( cos10x + cos 8x ) + 1 = cos x + 2 cos x.cos 9x
⇔ 2 cos 9x cos x + 1 = cos x + 2 cos x.cos 9x
⇔ cos x = 1
⇔ x = k2π ( k ∈ Z )
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4 sin 3 x + 3 cos3 x − 3sin x − sin 2 x cos x = 0 ( * )

Ta coù : (*) ⇔ sin x ( 4 sin 2 x − 3) − cos x ( sin 2 x − 3 cos2 x ) = 0
⇔ sin x ( 4 sin 2 x − 3) − cos x ⎡⎣sin 2 x − 3 (1 − sin 2 x ) ⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ ( 4 sin 2 x − 3) ( sin x − cos x ) = 0
⇔ ⎡⎣ 2 (1 − cos 2x ) − 3⎤⎦ ( sin x − cos x ) = 0
⎡ 1 2π
cos 2x = − = cos
⇔ ⎢ 2 3
⎢
⎣sin x = cos x
⎡ π
⎡ 2π ⎢ x = ± + kπ
⎢ 2x = ± + k2π 3
⇔
⎢
3 ⇔ ⎢ ( k ∈ Z)
⎢ x = π + kπ
⎣ tgx = 1 ⎢⎣ 4
Baø i 38 : (Ñeà thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i B naê m 2005)
sin x + cos x + 1 + sin 2x + cos 2x = 0 ( * )
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ sin x + cos x + 2sin x cos x + 2 cos2 x = 0
⇔ sin x + cos x + 2 cos x ( sin x + cos x ) = 0
⇔ ( sin x + cos x ) (1 + 2 cos x ) = 0
⎡sin x = − cos x
⇔ ⎢
⎢cos 2x = − 1 = cos 2π
⎣ 2 3
⎡ tgx = −1
⇔ ⎢
⎢ x = ± 2π + k 2π
⎣ 3
⎡ π
⎢ x = − 4 + kπ
⇔ ⎢ ( k ∈ Z)
⎢x = ± 2 π
+ k2π
⎢⎣ 3

( 2 sin x + 1)( 3 cos 4x + 2 sin x − 4 ) + 4 cos2 x = 3 ( *)
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ ( 2 sin x + 1)( 3 cos 4x + 2 sin x − 4 ) + 4 (1 − sin 2 x ) − 3 = 0
⇔ ( 2 sin x + 1)( 3 cos 4x + 2 sin x − 4 ) + (1 + 2 sin x )(1 − 2 sin x ) = 0
⇔ ( 2 sin x + 1) ⎡⎣ 3 cos 4x + 2 sin x − 4 + (1 − 2 sin x ) ⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ 3 ( cos 4x − 1)( 2 sin x + 1) = 0
1 ⎛ π⎞
⇔ cos 4x = 1 ∨ sin x = − = sin ⎜ − ⎟
2 ⎝ 6⎠
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π 7π
⇔ 4x = k2π ∨ x = − + k2π ∨ x = + k2π
6 6
kπ π 7π
⇔ x= ∨ x = − + k2π ∨ x = + k2π, ( k ∈ Z)
2 6 6

sin 6 x + cos6 x = 2 ( sin 8 x + cos8 x ) ( * )
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ sin6 x − 2sin8 x + cos6 x − 2 cos8 x = 0
⇔ sin 6 x (1 − 2 sin 2 x ) − cos6 x ( 2 cos2 x − 1) = 0
⇔ sin6 x cos 2x − cos6 x. cos 2x = 0
⇔ cos 2x ( sin 6 x − cos6 x ) = 0
⇔ cos 2x = 0 ∨ sin6 x = cos6 x
⇔ cos 2x = 0 ∨ tg 6 x = 1
π
⇔ 2x = ( 2k + 1) ∨ tgx = ±1
2
π π
⇔ x = ( 2k + 1) ∨ x = ± + kπ
4 4
π kπ
⇔ x= + ,k ∈ ]
4 2

1
cos x.cos 2x.cos 4x.cos 8x = ( *)
16
Ta thaá y x = kπ khoâ n g laø nghieä m cuûa (*) vì luùc ñoù
cos x = ±1, cos 2x = cos 4x = cos 8x = 1
1
(*) thaø n h : ±1 = voâ nghieä m
16
Nhaâ n 2 veá cuûa (*) cho 16sin x ≠ 0 ta ñöôï c
(*) ⇔ (16 sin x cos x ) cos 2x.cos 4x.cos 8x = sin x vaø sin x ≠ 0
⇔ ( 8 sin 2x cos 2x ) cos 4x.cos 8x = sin x vaø sin x ≠ 0
⇔ ( 4 sin 4x cos 4x ) cos 8x = sin x vaø sin x ≠ 0
⇔ 2sin 8x cos 8x = sin x vaø sin x ≠ 0
⇔ sin16x = sin x vaø sin x ≠ 0
k2π π kπ
⇔x = ∨x= + , ( k ∈ Z)
15 17 17
Do : x = hπ khoâ n g laø nghieäm neâ n k ≠ 15m vaø 2k + 1 ≠ 17n ( n, m ∈ Z )
Baø i 42: Giaû i phöông trình 8cos ⎛⎜ x +

π⎞
= cos 3x ( * )
3
⎟
⎝ 3⎠
π π
Ñaë t t = x + ⇔x=t−
3 3
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Thì cos 3x = cos ( 3t − π ) = cos ( π − 3t ) = − cos 3t

Vaäy (*) thaø n h 8 cos3 t = − cos 3t
⇔ 8 cos3 t = −4 cos3 t + 3 cos t
⇔ 12 cos3 t − 3 cos t = 0
⇔ 3 cos t ( 4 cos2 t − 1) = 0
⇔ 3 cos t ⎡⎣ 2 (1 + cos 2t ) − 1⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ cos t ( 2 cos 2t + 1) = 0
1 2π
⇔ cos t = 0 ∨ cos 2t = − = cos
2 3
π 2π
⇔ t = ( 2k + 1) ∨ 2t = ± + k2π
2 3
π π
⇔ t = + kπ ∨ t = ± + kπ
2 3
π
Maø x = t −
3
π 2π
Vaäy (*) ⇔ x = + k2π ∨ x = kπ ∨ x = + kπ, ( vôù ik ∈ Z )
6 3
Ghi chuù :
Khi giaû i caùc phöông trình löôï n g giaù c coù chöùa tgu, cotgu, coù aå n ôû maã u , hay
chöùa caê n baä c chaü n ... ta phaû i ñaë t ñieà u kieä n ñeå phöông trình xaùc ñònh. Ta seõ
duø n g caùc caù c h sau ñaây ñeå kieåm tra ñieàu kieän xem coù nhaä n nghieäm hay
khoâ n g.
+ Thay caùc giaù trò x tìm ñöôï c vaøo ñieàu kieä n thöû laï i xem coù thoû a
Hoaëc + Bieå u dieã n caùc ngoï n cung ñieàu kieä n vaø caùc ngoï n cung tìm ñöôï c treâ n cuø n g
moä t ñöôø n g troø n löôï n g giaù c . Ta seõ loaï i boû ngoï n cung cuûa nghieäm khi coù
truø n g vôù i ngoï n cung cuû a ñieà u kieän .
Hoaëc + So vôi caùc ñieàu kieän trong quaù trình giaû i phöông trình.
Baø i 43 : Giaû i phöông trình tg 2 x − tgx.tg3x = 2 ( * )
⎧cos x ≠ 0 π hπ
Ñieà u kieän ⎨ ⇔ cos3x ≠ 0 ⇔ x ≠ +
⎩ cos 3x = 4 cos 3
x − 3 cos x ≠ 0 6 3
Luùc ñoù ta coù (*) ⇔ tgx ( tgx − tg3x ) = 2
sin x ⎛ sin x sin 3x ⎞
⇔ ⎜ − ⎟=2
cos x ⎝ cos x cos 3x ⎠
⇔ sin x ( sin x cos 3x − cos x sin 3x ) = 2 cos2 x cos 3x
⇔ sin x sin ( −2x ) = 2 cos2 x. cos 3x
⇔ −2 sin2 x cos x = 2 cos2 x cos 3x
⇔ − sin2 x = cos x cos 3x (do cos x ≠ 0 )
1 1
⇔ − (1 − cos 2x ) = ( cos 4x + cos 2x )
2 2
⇔ cos 4x = −1 ⇔ 4x = π + k2π
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π kπ
⇔x = + ( k ∈ Z)
4 2
so vôù i ñieàu kieä n
π kπ ⎛ 3π 3kπ ⎞ 2
Caùc h 1 : Khi x = + thì cos 3x = cos ⎜ + ⎟=± ≠ 0 ( nhaä n )
4 2 ⎝ 4 2 ⎠ 2
Caùc h 2 : Bieå u dieã n caùc ngoï n cung ñieàu kieä n vaø ngoï n cung nghieäm ta thaá y
khoâ n g coù ngoï n cung naø o truø n g nhau. Do ñoù :
π kπ
(*) ⇔ x = +
4 2
Löu yù caù c h 2 raá t maá t thôø i gian
Caùc h 3 :
3π 3kπ π
Neá u 3x = + = + hπ
4 2 2
Thì 3 + 6k = 2 + 4h
⇔ 1 = 4h − 6k
1
⇔ = 2h − 3k (voâ lyù vì k, h ∈ Z )
2

11
tg 2 x + cot g 2 x + cot g 2 2x =( *)
3
⎧cos x ≠ 0
⎪
Ñieà u kieän ⎨sin x ≠ 0 ⇔ sin 2x ≠ 0
⎪sin 2x ≠ 0
⎩
Do ñoù :
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 11
(*) ⇔ ⎜ − 1⎟ + ⎜ − 1⎟ + ⎜ − 1⎟ =
⎝ cos x ⎠ ⎝ sin x ⎠ ⎝ sin 2x 3
2 2 2
⎠
1 1 1 20
⇔ + + =
cos x sin x 4 sin x cos x
2 2 2 2
3
4 sin x + 4 cos x + 1 20
2 2
⇔ =
4 sin2 x cos2 x 3
5 20
⇔ =
sin 2x
2
3
3
⇔ sin2 2x = (nhaän do sin2x ≠ 0 )
4
1 3
⇔ (1 − cos 4x ) =
2 4
1 2π
⇔ cos 4x = − = cos
2 3
2π
⇔ 4x = ± + k2π
3
π kπ
⇔x = ± + ( k ∈ Z)
6 2
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2
Chuù yù : Coù theå deã daøn g chöù n g minh : tgx + cot gx =
sin 2x
⎛ 1 ⎞ 11
Vaäy (*) ⇔ ( tgx + cot gx ) − 2 + ⎜
2
− 1⎟ =
⎝ sin x 3
2
⎠
5 20
⇔ =
sin 2x
2
3
Giaû i phöông trình
⎛x π⎞ x
sin 2 ⎜ − ⎟ tg 2 x − cos2 = 0 ( *)
⎝2 4⎠ 2
Ñieà u kieän : cos x ≠ 0 ⇔ sin x ≠ ±1
luù c ñoù :
1⎡ ⎛ π ⎞ ⎤ sin 2 x 1
(*) ⇔ ⎢1 − cos ⎜ x − ⎟ ⎥ − [1 + cos x ] = 0
2⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦ cos2 x 2
(1 − sin x ) (1 − cos2 x )
⇔ − (1 + cos x ) = 0
1 − sin 2 x
1 − cos2 x
⇔ − (1 + cos x ) = 0
1 + sin x
⎡ 1 − cos x ⎤
⇔ (1 + cos x ) ⎢ − 1⎥ = 0
⎣ 1 + sin x ⎦
⇔ (1 + cos x ) ( − cos x − sin x ) = 0
⎡cos x = −1 ( nhaä ndo cos x ≠ 0 )
⇔ ⎢
⎣ tgx = −1
⎡ x = π + k2π
⇔ ⎢
⎢ x = − π + kπ
⎣ 4

sin 2x ( cot gx + tg2x ) = 4 cos2 x ( * )
⎧cos x ≠ ±1
⎧sin x ≠ 0 ⎧sin x ≠ 0 ⎪
Ñieà u kieän : ⎨ ⇔ ⎨ ⇔ ⎨ 2
⎩cos 2x ≠ 0 ⎩2 cos x − 1 ≠ 0
2
⎪cos x ≠ ±
⎩ 2
cos x sin 2x
Ta coù : cot gx + tg2x = +
sin x cos 2x
cos 2x cos x + sin 2x sin x
=
sin x cos 2x
cos x
=
sin x cos 2x
⎛ cos x ⎞
Luùc ñoù : (*) ⇔ 2 sin x cos x ⎜ ⎟ = 4 cos x
2
⎝ sin x cos 2x ⎠
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2 cos2 x
⇔ = 4 cos2 x ( Do sin x ≠ 0 )
cos 2x
⎡ ⎛ 2 ⎞
⎡cos x = 0 ⎢ cos x = 0 ⎜⎜ Nhaä n do cos x ≠ vaø ≠ ±1 ⎟⎟
2
⇔ ⎢ 1 ⇔ ⎢ ⎝ ⎠
⎢ =2 ⎢ 1 π
⎣ cos 2x ⎢cos 2x = = cos , ( nhaä n do sin x ≠ 0)
⎣ 2 3
⎡ π
⎢ x = 2 + kπ
⇔ ⎢ ( k ∈ Z)
⎢ x = ± π + kπ
⎢⎣ 6
Baø i 47 : Giaû i phöông trình:

cot g 2 x − tg 2 x
= 16 (1 + cos 4x )
cos 2x
cos2 x sin2 x
Ta coù : cot g 2 x − tg 2 x = −
sin2 x cos2 x
cos4 x − sin4 x 4 cos 2x
= =
sin2 x cos2 x sin2 2x
⎧sin 2x ≠ 0
Ñieà u kieän : ⎨ ⇔ sin 4x ≠ 0
⎩cos 2x ≠ 0
4
Luù c ñoù (*) ⇔ = 16 (1 + cos 4x )
sin2 2x
⇔ 1 = 4 (1 + cos 4x ) sin2 2x
⇔ 1 = 2 (1 + cos 4x ) (1 − cos 4x )
( )
⇔ 1 = 2 1 − cos2 4x = 2 sin 2 4x
1
⇔ sin2 4x = ( nhaän do sin 4x ≠ 0)
2
1 1
⇔ (1 − cos 8x ) =
2 2
π kπ
⇔ cos 8x = 0 ⇔ x = + ,k ∈]
16 8
7 ⎛ π⎞ ⎛π ⎞
Baø i 48: Giaû i phöông trình: sin 4 x + cos4 x = cot g ⎜ x + ⎟ cot g ⎜ − x ⎟ ( *)
8 ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝6 ⎠
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ x + 3 ⎟ ≠ 0 ⎪sin ⎜ x + ⎟≠0
3⎠
⎪ ⎝ ⎠ ⎪ ⎝ ⎛ 2π ⎞
Ñieà u kieän ⎨ ⇔ ⎨ ⇔ sin ⎜ 2x + ⎟≠0
⎪sin ⎛ π − x ⎞ ≠ 0 ⎪cos ⎛ x + π⎞ ⎝ 3 ⎠
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟ ⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟≠0
⎝6 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
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1 3
⇔ − sin 2x + cos 2x ≠ 0
2 2
⇔ tg2x ≠ 3
1
( )
2
Ta coù : sin4 x + cos4 x = sin2 x + cos2 x − 2sin2 x.cos2 x = 1 − sin2 2x
2
⎛ π⎞ ⎛π ⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛π ⎞
Vaø : cot g ⎜ x + ⎟ .cot g ⎜ − x ⎟ = cot g ⎜ x + ⎟ .tg ⎜ + x ⎟ = 1
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝6 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
1 7
Luù c ñoù : (*) ⇔ 1 − sin2 2x =
2 8
1 1
⇔ − (1 − cos 4x ) = −
4 8
1
⇔ cos 4x =
2
π π kπ
⇔ 4x = ± + k2π ⇔ x = ± +
3 12 2
3
(nhaän do tg2x = ± ≠ 3)
3
1
Baø i 49: Giaû i phöông trình 2tgx + cot g2x = 2 sin 2x + ( *)
sin 2x
⎧cos 2x ≠ 0
Ñieà u kieän : ⎨ ⇔ sin 2x ≠ 0 ⇔ cos 2x ≠ ±1
⎩sin 2x ≠ 0
2 sin x cos 2x 1
Luù c ñoù : (*) ⇔ + = 2 sin 2x +
cos x sin 2x sin 2x
⇔ 4 sin x + cos 2x = 2 sin 2x + 1
2 2
( )
⇔ 4 sin2 x + 1 − 2 sin2 x = 8 sin2 x cos2 x + 1
(
⇔ 2 sin2 x 1 − 4 cos2 x = 0 )
⇔ 2 sin2 x ⎡⎣1 − 2 (1 + cos 2x ) ⎤⎦ = 0
⎡sin x = 0 ( loaï i do sin 2x ≠ 0 ⇒ sin x ≠ 0 )
⇔⎢
⎢cos 2x = − 1 = cos 2π ( nhaä n do cos 2x ≠ ±1)
⎢⎣ 2 3
2π
⇔ 2x = ± + k2π ( k ∈ Z )
3
π
⇔ x = ± + kπ, k ∈ ]
3
3 ( sin x + tgx )
Baø i 51: Giaû i phöông trình: − 2 (1 + cos x ) = 0 ( *)
tgx − sin x
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sin x
Ñieà u kieän : tgx − sin x ≠ 0 ⇔ − sin x ≠ 0
cos x
⎧sin x ≠ 0
sin x (1 − cos x ) ⎪
⇔ ≠ 0 ⇔ ⎨cos x ≠ 0 ⇔ sin 2x ≠ 0
cos x ⎪cos x ≠ 1
⎩
3 ( sin x + tgx ) .cot gx
Luùc ñoù (*) ⇔ − 2 (1 + cos x ) = 0
( tgx − sin x ) .cot gx
3 ( cos x + 1)
⇔ − 2 (1 + cos x ) = 0
(1 − cos x )
3
⇔ − 2 = 0 ( do sin x ≠ 0 neâ n cos x + 1 ≠ 0)
1 − cos x
⇔ 1 + 2 cos x = 0
1
⇔ cos x = − (nhaä n so vôù i ñieà u kieä n )
2
2π
⇔ x=± + k2π, k ∈ ]
3
2 2
(1 − cos x ) + (1 + cos x ) 1
− tg 2 x sin x = (1 + sin x ) + tg 2 x ( *)
4 (1 − sin x ) 2
⎧cos x ≠ 0
Ñieà u kieän : ⎨ ⇔ cos x ≠ 0
⎩sin x ≠ 1
2 (1 + cos2 x ) sin 3 x 1 sin 2 x
Luùc ñoù (*) ⇔ − = ( 1 + sin x ) +
4 (1 − sin x ) 1 − sin 2 x 2 1 − sin 2 x
⇔ (1 + cos2 x ) (1 + sin x ) − 2 sin 3 x = (1 + sin x ) (1 − sin 2 x ) + 2 sin 2 x
⇔ (1 + sinx ) (1 + cos2 x ) = (1 + sin x ) cos2 x + 2 sin 2 x (1 + sin x )
⎡1 + sin x = 0
⇔ ⎢
⎣1 + cos x = cos x + 2 sin x
2 2 2
⎡sin x = −1 ( loaï i do cos x ≠ 0 )

⇔ ⎢ ⇔ cos2x = 0
⎣1 = 1 − cos 2x
π
⇔ 2x = + kπ
2
π π
⇔ x = + k (nhaän do cosx ≠ 0)
4 2

cos 3x.tg5x = sin 7x ( * )
Ñieà u kieän cos 5x ≠ 0
sin 5x
Luùc ñoù : (*) ⇔ cos 3x. = sin 7x
cos 5x
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⇔ sin 5x.cos 3x = sin 7x.cos 5x

1 1
⇔ [sin 8x + sin 2x ] = [sin12x + sin 2x ]
2 2
⇔ sin 8x = sin12x
⇔ 12x = 8x + k2π ∨ 12x = π − 8x + k2π
kπ π kπ
⇔x = ∨ x= +
2 20 10
So laï i vôù i ñieà u kieä n
kπ 5kπ kπ
x= thì cos 5x = cos = cos (loaï i neá u k leû )
2 2 2
π kπ ⎛ π kπ ⎞
x= + thì cos 5x = cos ⎜ + ⎟ ≠ 0 nhaä n
20 10 ⎝4 2 ⎠
π kπ
Do ñoù : (*) ⇔ x = hπ ∨ x = + , vôù i k, h ∈]
20 10
sin4 x + cos4 x 1
= ( tgx + cot g2x ) ( *)
sin 2x 2
Ñieà u kieän : sin 2x ≠ 0
Ta coù : sin 4 x + cos4 x = ( sin 2 x + cos2 x ) − 2 sin 2 x cos2 x
2
1
=1− sin2 2x
2
sin x cos 2x
tgx + cot g2x = +
cos x sin 2x
sin 2x sin x + cos x cos 2x
=
cos x sin 2x
cos ( 2x − x ) 1
= =
cos x sin 2x sin 2x
1
1 − sin 2 2x
2 1
Do ñoù : (*) ⇔ =
sin 2x 2 sin 2x
1 1
⇔ 1 − sin 2 2x =
2 2
⇔ sin 2x = 1 ( nhaä n do sin 2x ≠ 0 )
2
⇔ cos2 2x = 0
π
⇔ 2x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
2
π kπ
⇔x = + , k ∈]
4 2

tg 2 x.cot g 2 2x.cot g3x = tg 2 x − cot g 2 2x + cot g3x ( * )
Ñieà u kieän : cos x ≠ 0 ∧ sin 2x ≠ 0 ∧ sin 3x ≠ 0
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⇔ sin 2x ≠ 0 ∧ sin 3x ≠ 0
Luù c ñoù (*) ⇔ cotg3x ( tg 2 x cot g 2 2x − 1) = tg 2 x − cot g 2 2x
⎡⎛ 1 − cos 2x ⎞ ⎛ 1 + cos 4x ⎞ ⎤ 1 − cos 2x 1 + cos 4x
⇔ cot g3x ⎢⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ − 1⎥ = −
⎣⎝ 1 + cos 2x ⎠ ⎝ 1 − cos 4x ⎠ ⎦ 1 + cos 2x 1 − cos 4x
⇔ cot g3x ⎡⎣(1 − cos 2x )(1 + cos 4x ) − (1 + cos 2x )(1 − cos 4x ) ⎤⎦
= (1 − cos 2x )(1 − cos 4x ) − (1 + cos 4x )(1 + cos 2x )
⇔ cot g3x [ 2 cos 4x − 2 cos 2x ] = −2 ( cos 4x + cos 2x )
cos 3x
⇔ [ −4 sin 3x sin x] = −4 cos 3x cos x
sin 3x
⇔ cos 3x sin x = cos 3x cos x ( do sin 3x ≠ 0)
⇔ cos 3x = 0 ∨ sin x = cos x
π
⇔ 3x = + kπ ∨ tgx = 1
2
π kπ π
⇔x= + ∨ x = + lπ ( k, l ∈ Z )
6 3 4
So vôù i ñieàu kieän : sin 2x.sin 3x ≠ 0
π kπ ⎛ π 2kπ ⎞ ⎛π ⎞
* Khi x = + thì sin ⎜ + ⎟ .sin ⎜ + kπ ⎟ ≠ 0
6 3 ⎝3 3 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
⎛ 1 + 2k ⎞
⇔ sin ⎜ ⎟π ≠ 0
⎝ 3 ⎠
Luoân ñuù n g ∀ k thoû a 2k + 1 ≠ 3m ( m ∈ Z )
π ⎛π ⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞ 2
* Khi x = + lπ thì sin ⎜ + 2lπ ⎟ sin ⎜ + 3lπ ⎟ = ± ≠0
4 ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ 2
luoâ n ñuù n g
⎡ π kπ
⎢ x = 6 + 3 , k ∈ Z ∧ 2k ≠ 3m − 1 ( m ∈ ] )
Do ñoù : (*) ⇔ ⎢
⎢ x = π + lπ, l ∈ ]
⎢⎣ 4
Caù c h khaù c:
(*) ⇔ cotg3x ( tg 2 x cot g 2 2x − 1) = tg 2 x − cot g 2 2x
tg 2 x − cot g 2 2x tg 2 2x.tg 2 x − 1
⇔ cot g3x = =
tg 2 x cot g 2 2x − 1 tg 2 x − tg 2 2x
(1 + tg2x.tgx ) (1 − tg2x.tgx )
⇔ cot g3x =
(tg2x − tgx) ( tg2x + tgx)
⇔ cot g3x = cot gx. cotg3x ⇔ cos 3x = 0 ∨ sin x = cos x
BAØI TAÄP
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⎛π ⎞
1. Tìm caù c nghieä m treâ n ⎜ , 3π ⎟ cuûa phöông trình:
⎝3 ⎠
⎛ 5π ⎞ ⎛ 7π ⎞
sin ⎜ 2x + ⎟ − 3 cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = 1 + 2 sin x
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ π⎞
2. Tìm caù c nghieä m x treân ⎜ 0, ⎟ cuûa phöông trình
⎝ 2⎠
sin 4x − cos 6x = sin (10, 5π + 10x )
2 2
3. Giaû i caùc phöông trình sau:

(
a/ sin 3 x + cos3 x = 2 sin5 x + cos5 x )
sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x
b/ = 3
cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x
1 + cos x
c/ tg 2 x =
1 − sin x
d/ tg2x − tg3x − tg5x = tg2x.tg3x.tg5x
4
e/ cos x = cos2 x
3
⎛ π⎞ 1 1
f/ 2 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = +
⎝ 4 ⎠ sin x cos x
2
i/ 2tgx + cot g2x = 3 +
sin 2x
2
h/ 3tg3x + cot g2x = 2tgx +
sin 4x
2 2 2
k/ sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = 2
sin 2x
l/ + 2 cos x = 0
1 + sin x
m/ 25 − 4x 2 ( 3sin 2πx + 8 sin πx ) = 0
sin x.cot g5x
n/ =1
cos 9x
2
o/ 3tg6x − = 2tg2x − cot g4x
sin 8x
(
p/ 2 sin 3x 1 − 4 sin 2 x = 1 )
1 + cos x
q/ tg 2 x =
1 − sin x
2
r/ cos3 x cos 3x + sin 3 x sin 3x =
4
⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞ 5
s/ sin4 ⎜ ⎟ + cos4 ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ 8
t/ cos x − 4 sin x − 3 cos x sin2 x + sin x = 0
3 3
x x
u/ sin4 + cos4 = 1 − 2sin x
2 2
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⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
v/ sin ⎜ 3x − ⎟ = sin 2x.sin ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
4
w/ tg x + 1 =
( 2 − sin x ) sin 3x
2
cos4 x
⎛ x ⎞
y/ tgx + cos x − cos2 x = sin x ⎜ 1 + tg tgx ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
4. Cho phöông trình: ( 2 sin x − 1)( 2 cos 2x + 2 sin x + m ) = 3 − 4 cos2 x (1)
a/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m = 1
b/ Tìm m ñeå (1) coù ñuùn g 2 nghieäm treâ n [ 0, π ]
( ÑS: m = 0 ∨ m < −1 ∨ m > 3 )
5. Cho phöông trình:
4 cos5 x sin x − 4 sin5 x.cos x = sin2 4x + m (1)
Bieá t raèn g x = π laø moä t nghieä m cuû a (1). Haõ y giaû i phöông trình trong tröôø n g
hôï p ñoù .
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CHÖÔNG III.
PHÖÔNG TRÌNH BAÄC HAI VÔÙI CAÙC HAØ M SOÁ LÖÔÏ NG GIAÙC
a sin2 u + b sin u + c = 0 ( a ≠ 0)
a cos2 u + b cos u + c = 0 ( a ≠ 0)
atg 2 u + btgu = c = 0 ( a ≠ 0)
a cot g 2 u + b cot gu + c = 0 ( a ≠ 0)
Caù c h giaû i:
Ñaë t : t = sin u hay t = cos u vôù i t ≤ 1
π
t = tgu (ñieàu kieä n u ≠ + kπ )
2
t = cot gu (ñieàu kieä n u ≠ kπ )
Caùc phöông trình treâ n thaøn h: at 2 + bt + c = 0
Giaû i phöông trình tìm ñöôïc t, so vôù i ñieà u kieä n ñeå nhaän nghieä m t.
Töø ñoù giaû i phöông trình löôïn g giaùc cô baû n tìm ñöôï c u.
Baø i 56: (Ñeà thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i A, naê m 2002)
Tìm caù c nghieä m treâ n ( 0, 2π ) cuûa phöông trình
⎛ cos 3x + sin 3x ⎞
5 ⎜ sin x + ⎟ = 3 + cos 2x ( * )
⎝ 1 + 2 sin 2x ⎠
1
Ñieà u kieän : sin 2x ≠ −
2
( ) (
Ta coù : sin 3x + cos 3x = 3sin x − 4 sin 3 x + 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x )
(
= −3 ( cos x − sin x ) + 4 cos3 x − sin3 x )
(
= ( cos x − sin x ) ⎡ −3 + 4 cos2 x + cos x sin x + sin 2 x ⎤
⎣ ⎦)
= ( cos x − sin x )(1 + 2 sin 2x )
(
Luù c ñoù : (*) ⇔ 5 ⎡⎣sin x + ( cos x − sin x ) ⎤⎦ = 3 + 2 cos2 x − 1 )
⎛ 1⎞
⎜ do sin 2x ≠ − ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
⇔ 2 cos2 x − 5 cos x + 2 = 0
⎡ 1
⎢ cos x =
⇔ 2
⎢
⎢⎣cos x = 2 ( loaïi )
π 3 1
⇔x=± + k2π (nhaän do sin 2x = ± ≠− )
3 2 2
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π 5π
Do x ∈ ( 0, 2π ) neân x = ∨x=
3 3
Baø i 57: (Ñeà thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i A, naê m 2005)
Giaû i phöông trình: cos2 3x.cos 2x − cos2 x = 0 ( *)
1 + cos 6x 1 + cos 2x
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ .cos 2x − =0
2 2
⇔ cos 6x.cos 2x − 1 = 0 (**)
( )
Caù c h 1: (**) ⇔ 4 cos3 2x − 3 cos 2x cos 2x − 1 = 0
⇔ 4 cos4 2x − 3 cos2 2x − 1 = 0
⎡cos2 2x = 1
⇔⎢ 2
⎢cos 2x = − 1 ( voâ nghieäm )
⎢⎣ 4
⇔ sin 2x = 0
kπ
⇔ 2x = kπ ⇔ x = ( k ∈ Z)
2
1
Caù c h 2: (**) ⇔ ( cos 8x + cos 4x ) − 1 = 0
2
⇔ cos 8x + cos 4x − 2 = 0
⇔ 2 cos2 4x + cos 4x − 3 = 0
⎡cos 4x = 1
⇔⎢
⎢cos 4x = − 3 ( loaïi )
⎣ 2
kπ
⇔ 4x = k2π ⇔ x = ( k ∈ Z)
2
Caù c h 3: phöông trình löôï n g giaùc khoân g maãu möïc :
⎡cos 6x = cos 2x = 1
(**) ⇔ ⎢
⎣cos 6x = cos 2x = −1
Caù c h 4: cos 8x + cos 4x − 2 = 0 ⇔ cos 8x + cos 4x = 2
⇔ cos 8x = cos 4x = 1 ⇔ cos 4x = 1
Baø i 58: (Ñeà thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i D, naê m 2005)
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ 3
Giaû i phöông trình: cos4 x + sin 4 x + cos ⎜ x − ⎟ sin ⎜ 3x − ⎟ − = 0
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ 2
Ta coù :
(*)
1⎡ π⎞ ⎤ 3
( )
2 ⎛
⇔ sin2 x + cos2 x − 2 sin2 x cos2 x + ⎢ sin ⎜ 4x − ⎟ + sin 2x ⎥ − = 0
2⎣ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎦ 2
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1 1 3
⇔1− sin2 2x + [ − cos 4x + sin 2x ] − = 0
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
⇔
2 2
( )
− sin2 2x − 1 − 2 sin2 2x + sin 2x − = 0
2 2
2
⇔ sin 2x + sin 2x − 2 = 0
⎡sin 2x = 1
⇔ ⎢
⎣sin 2x = −2 ( loaïi )
π
⇔ 2x = + k2π, k ∈ ]
2
π
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
Baø i 59: (Ñeà thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i B, naê m 2004)
Giaû i phöông trình: 5 sin x − 2 = 3 (1 − sinx ) tg 2 x ( *)

sin2 x
Khi ñoù : (*) ⇔ 5 sin x − 2 = 3 (1 − sin x )
cos2 x
sin2 x
⇔ 5sin x − 2 = 3 (1 − sin x )
1 − sin2 x
3sin2 x
⇔ 5 sin x − 2 =
1 + sin x
2
⇔ 2 sin x + 3sin x − 2 = 0
⎡ 1
⎢ sin x = ( nhaän do sin x ≠ ±1)
⇔ 2
⎢
⎢⎣sin x = −2 ( voâ nghieäm )
π 5π
⇔x= + k2π ∨ x = + k2π ( k ∈ Z)
6 6
1 1
Baø i 60: Giaû i phöông trình: 2 sin 3x − = 2 cos 3x + ( *)
sin x cos x

1 1
Luù c ñoù : (*) ⇔ 2 ( sin 3x − cos 3x ) = +
sin x cos x
1 1
⎣ ( )
⇔ 2 ⎡3 ( sin x + cos x ) − 4 sin3 x + cos3 x ⎤ = +
⎦ sin x cos x
sin x + cos x
⎣ ( )
⇔ 2 ( sin x + cos x ) ⎡3 − 4 sin2 x − sin x cos x + cos2 x ⎤ =
⎦ sin x cos x
⎡ 1 ⎤
⇔ ( sin x + cos x ) ⎢ −2 + 8 sin x cos x − =0
⎣ sin x cos x ⎥⎦
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⎡ 2 ⎤
⇔ ( sin x + cos x ) ⎢4 sin 2x − − 2⎥ = 0
⎣ sin 2x ⎦
⎡sin x + cos x = 0 ⎡ tgx = −1
⇔⎢ 2
⇔⎢
⎢sin 2x = 1 ∨ sin 2x = −1
( nhaän so vôùi ñieàu kieän )
⎣4 sin 2x − 2sin 2x − 2 = 0 ⎣ 2
π π π 7π
⇔x=− + kπ ∨ 2x = + k2π ∨ 2x = − + k2π ∨ 2x = + k2π, k ∈ ]
4 2 6 6
π π 7π
⇔ x = ± + kπ ∨ x = − + kπ ∨ x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
4 12 12
Baø i 61: Giaû i phöông trình:

( )
cos x 2 sin x + 3 2 − 2 cos2 x − 1
=1 ( *)
1 + sin 2x
π
Ñieà u kieän : sin 2x ≠ −1 ⇔ x ≠ − + mπ
4
Luù c ñoù :
(*) ⇔ 2 sin x cos x + 3 2 cos x − 2 cos2 x − 1 = 1 + sin 2x
⇔ 2 cos2 x − 3 2 cos x + 2 = 0
2
⇔ cos x = hay cos x = 2 ( voâ nghieä m )
2
⎡ π
⎢ x = 4 + k2π
⇔⎢
⎢ x = − π + k '2π ( loaïi do ñieàu kieän )
⎢⎣ 4
π
⇔ x = + k 2π
4

x 3x x 3x 1
cos x.cos .cos − sin x sin sin = ( *)
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ cos x ( cos 2x + cos x ) + sin x ( cos 2x − cos x ) =
2 2 2
2
⇔ cos x.cos 2x + cos x + sin x cos 2x − sin x cos x = 1
⇔ cos 2x ( cos x + sin x ) = 1 − cos2 x + sin x cos x
⇔ cos 2x ( cos x + sin x ) = sin x ( sin x + cos x )
⇔ ( cos x + sin x )( cos 2x − sin x ) = 0 ( * * )
( )
⇔ ( cos x + sin x ) 1 − 2 sin 2 x − sin x = 0
⎡ cos x = − sin x
⇔⎢ 2
⎣ 2 sin x + sin x − 1 = 0
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⎡ π
⎡ ⎢ x = − 4 + kπ
⎢ tgx = −1 ⎢
⎢ π
⇔ ⎢sin x = −1 ⇔ ⎢ x = − + k2π ( k ∈ Z)
⎢ 2
⎢ 1 ⎢
⎢sin x =
⎣ 2 ⎢ x = π + k2π ∨ x = 5π + k2π
⎢⎣ 6 6
⎛π ⎞
Caù c h khaù c: (**) ⇔ tgx = −1 ∨ cos 2x = sin x = cos ⎜ − x ⎟
⎝2 ⎠
Baø i 63: Giaû i phöông trình: 4 cos3 x + 3 2 sin 2x = 8 cos x ( *)
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ 4 cos3 x + 6 2 sin x cos x − 8 cos x = 0

(
⇔ cos x 2 cos2 x + 3 2 sin x − 4 = 0 )
( )
⇔ cos x ⎡2 1 − sin 2 x + 3 2 sin x − 4 ⎤ = 0
⎣ ⎦
2
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ 2 sin x − 3 2 sin x + 2 = 0
⎡cos x = 0
⎢
2
⇔ ⎢sin x =
⎢ 2
⎢
⎢⎣sin x = 2 ( voâ nghieäm )
π 2 π
⇔x= + kπ ∨ sin x = = sin
2 2 4
π π 3π
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = + k2π ∨ x = + k2π ( k ∈ Z )
2 4 4

⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
cos ⎜ 2x + ⎟ + cos ⎜ 2x − ⎟ + 4 sin x = 2 + 2 (1 − sin x ) ( *)
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
π
(*) ⇔ 2 cos 2x.cos + 4 sin x = 2 + 2 (1 − sin x )
4
⇔ ( ) ( )
2 1 − 2 sin2 x + 4 + 2 sin x − 2 − 2 = 0
(
⇔ 2 2 sin2 x − 4 + 2 sin x + 2 = 0 )
⎡sin x = 2 ( loaï i )
( )
⇔ 2 sin x − 2 2 + 1 sin x + 2 = 0 ⇔ ⎢
2
⎢sin x = 1
⎢⎣ 2
π 5π
⇔ x = + k2π hay x = + k2π, k ∈ ]
6 6
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( )
Baø i 65: Giaû i phöông trình : 3 cot g 2 x + 2 2 sin 2 x = 2 + 3 2 cos x ( *)
Ñieà u kieän : sin x ≠ 0 ⇔ cos x ≠ ±1

Chia hai veá (*) cho sin 2 x ta ñöôïc :
cos2 x cos x
(*) ⇔ 3
sin x4 (
+2 2 = 2+3 2 )sin2 x
vaø sin x ≠ 0
cos x
Ñaë t t = ta ñöôïc phöông trình:
sin 2 x
( )
3t 2 − 2 + 3 2 t + 2 2 = 0
2
⇔t= 2∨t=
3
2 cos x 2
* Vôù i t = ta coù : 2
=
3 sin x 3
(
⇔ 3 cos x = 2 1 − cos2 x )
⇔ 2 cos2 x + 3 cos x − 2 = 0
⎡cos x = −2 ( loaïi )
⇔⎢
⎢cos x = 1 ( nhaän do cos x ≠ ±1)
⎢⎣ 2
π
⇔ x = ± + k2π ( k ∈ Z )
3
cos x
* Vôù i t = 2 ta coù : = 2
sin2 x
(
⇔ cos x = 2 1 − cos2 x )
⇔ 2 cos2 x + cos x − 2 = 0
⎡cos x = − 2 ( loaï i )
⎢
⇔⎢ 2
⎢cos x = ( nhaän do cos x ≠ ±1)
⎣ 2
π
⇔ x = ± + k2π, k ∈]
4
4 sin2 2x + 6 sin 2 x − 9 − 3 cos 2x

Baø i 66: Giaû i phöông trình: = 0 ( *)
cos x
Ñieà u kieän : cos x ≠ 0

Luù c ñoù :
(*) ⇔ 4 sin2 2x + 6 sin2 x − 9 − 3 cos 2x = 0
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( )
⇔ 4 1 − cos2 2x + 3 (1 − cos 2x ) − 9 − 3 cos 2x = 0
⇔ 4 cos2 2x + 6 cos 2x + 2 = 0
1
⇔ cos 2x = −1 ∨ cos 2x = −
2
1
⇔ 2 cos2 x − 1 = −1 ∨ 2 cos2 x − 1 = −
2
⎡cos x = 0 ( loaïi do ñieàu kieän )
⇔ ⎢⎢ 1
⎢⎣cos x = ± 2 ( nhaän do cos x ≠ 0 )
π 2π
⇔ x = ± + k2π ∨ x = ± + k2π ( k ∈ Z )
3 3
1 2
Baø i 67: Cho f ( x ) = sin x + sin 3x + sin 5x
3 5
Giaûi phöông trình: f ' ( x ) = 0
Ta coù : f '(x) = 0
⇔ cos x + cos 3x + 2 cos 5x = 0
⇔ ( cos x + cos 5x ) + ( cos 3x + cos 5x ) = 0
⇔ 2 cos 3x cos 2x + 2 cos 4x cos x = 0
( ) ( )
⇔ 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x cos 2x + 2 cos2 2x − 1 cos x = 0
( )
⇔ ⎡ 4 cos2 x − 3 cos 2x + 2 cos2 2x − 1⎤ cos x = 0
⎣ ⎦
⎡ ⎡ 2 (1 + cos 2x ) − 3⎤ cos 2x + 2 cos 2x − 1 = 0
2
⇔ ⎢⎣ ⎦
⎢⎣cos x = 0
⎡4 cos2 2x − cos 2x − 1 = 0
⇔⎢
⎣cos x = 0
1 ± 17
⇔ cos 2x = ∨ cos x = 0
8
1 + 17 1 − 17
⇔ cos 2x = = cos α ∨ cos 2x = = cos β ∨ cos x = 0
8 8
α β π
⇔ x = ± + kπ ∨ x = ± + kπ ∨ x = + kπ ( k ∈ Z )
2 2 2
17
Baø i 68: Giaû i phöông trình: sin8 x + cos8 x = cos2 2x ( *)
16
Ta coù :
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( )
2
sin 8 x + cos8 x = sin4 x + cos4 x − 2 sin 4 x cos4 x
2
1
( )
2
= ⎡⎢ sin2 x + cos2 x − 2 sin 2 x cos2 x ⎤⎥ − sin4 2x
⎣ ⎦ 8
2
⎛ 1 ⎞ 1
= ⎜ 1 − sin2 2x ⎟ − sin4 2x
⎝ 2 ⎠ 8
1
= 1 − sin2 2x + sin4 2x
8
Do ñoù :
1
( *) ⇔ 16 ⎛⎜ 1 − sin2 2x +
⎝ 8
⎞
(
sin4 2x ⎟ = 17 1 − sin2 2x
⎠
)
⇔ 2 sin4 2x + sin2 2x − 1 = 0
⎡sin2 2x = −1 ( loaï i )
1 1
⇔ ⎢⎢ 1 ⇔ (1 − cos 4x ) =
2 2 2
⎢⎣sin 2x = 2
π
⇔ cos 4x = 0 ⇔ x = ( 2k + 1) , ( k ∈ Z )
8
5x x
Baø i 69: Giaû i phöông trình: sin = 5 cos3 x.sin ( *)
2 2
x
Nhaä n xeù t thaá y : cos = 0 ⇔ x = π + k2π ⇔ cos x = −1
2
Thay vaøo (*) ta ñöôïc :
⎛ 5π ⎞ ⎛π ⎞
sin ⎜ + 5kπ ⎟ = − 5. sin ⎜ + kπ ⎟ , khoâ n g thoûa ∀k
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
x
Do cos khoâ n g laø nghieäm cuûa (*) neâ n :
2
5x x x x x
( *) ⇔ sin . cos = 5 cos2 x. sin cos vaø cos ≠ 0
2 2 2 2 2
1 5 x
⇔ ( sin 3x + sin 2x ) = cos3 x.sin x vaø cos ≠ 0
2 2 2
x
⇔ 3sin x − 4 sin3 x + 2 sin x cos x = 5 cos3 x.sin x vaø cos ≠0
2
⎧ x
⎪cos ≠ 0
⇔⎨ 2
⎪3 − 4 sin2 x + 2 cos x = 5 cos3 x ∨ sin x = 0
⎩
⎧ x
⎪⎪cos 2 ≠ 0
⇔⎨
⎪5 cos3 x − 4 cos2 x − 2 cos x + 1 = 0 ∨ sin x = 0
⎪⎩ 2
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⎧cos x ≠ −1
⎪
⇔⎨ x
( )
⎪⎩( cos x − 1) 5 cos x + cos x − 1 = 0 ∨ sin 2 = 0
2
⎧cos x ≠ −1
⎪
⎪⎡
⎪ ⎢cos x = 1
⎪⎢
⇔ ⎨⎢ −1 + 21
⎪ ⎢cos x = 10
= cos α
⎪⎢
⎪⎢ −1 − 21
⎪ ⎢⎣cos x = 10
= cos β
⎩
⇔ x = k2π hay x = ±α + k2π hay x = ±β + k2π, ( k ∈ Z )
Baø i 70: Giaû i phöông trình: sin 2x ( cot gx + tg2x ) = 4 cos2 x ( *)
Ñieà u kieän : cos 2x ≠ 0 vaø sin x ≠ 0 ⇔ cos 2x ≠ 0 ∧ cos 2x ≠ 1

cos x sin 2x
Ta coù : cot gx + tg2x = +
sin x cos 2x
cos 2x cos x + sin 2x sin x
=
sin x cos 2x
cos x
=
sin x cos 2x
⎛ cos x ⎞
Luù c ñoù : (*) ⇔ 2 sin x.cos x ⎜ 2
⎟ = 4 cos x
⎝ sin x cos 2x ⎠
2
cos x
⇔ = 2 cos2 x
cos 2x
⇔ ( cos 2x + 1) = 2 cos 2x ( cos 2x + 1)
⇔ ( cos 2x + 1) = 0 hay 1 = 2 cos 2x
1
⇔ cos 2x = −1 ∨ cos 2x = ( nhaän do cos 2x ≠ 0 vaø cos 2x ≠ 1)
2
π
⇔ 2x = π + k2π ∨ 2x = ± + k2π, k ∈ ]
3
π π
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = ± + kπ, k ∈ ]
2 6
6x 8x
Baø i 71: Giaû i phöông trình: 2 cos2 + 1 = 3cos ( *)
5 5
⎛ 12x ⎞ ⎛ 2 4x ⎞
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ ⎜ 1 + cos ⎟ + 1 = 3 ⎜ 2 cos − 1⎟
⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠
4x 4x ⎛ 4x ⎞
⇔ 2 + 4 cos3 − 3cos = 3 ⎜ 2 cos2 − 1⎟
5 5 ⎝ 5 ⎠
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4
Ñaë t t = cos x ( ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 1)
5
Ta coù phöông trình :
4t 3 − 3t + 2 = 6t 2 − 3
⇔ 4t 3 − 6t 2 − 3t + 5 = 0
⇔ ( t − 1) ( 4t 2 − 2t − 5 ) = 0
1 − 21 1 + 21
⇔ t = 1∨ t = ∨t = ( loïai )
4 4
Vaäy
4x 4x
• cos =1⇔ = 2kπ
5 5
5kπ
⇔x= ( k ∈ Z)
2
4x 1 − 21
• cos = = cos α ( vôù i 0 < α < 2π )
5 4
4x
⇔ = ±α + A 2π
5
5α A 5π
⇔x=± + ,( A ∈ Z)
4 2
⎛ π⎞
Baø i 72 : Giaû i phöông trình tg3 ⎜ x − ⎟ = tgx − 1( *)
⎝ 4⎠
π π
Ñaë t t = x − ⇔ x = + t
4 4
⎛ π ⎞ 1 + tgt
(*) thaø n h : tg3 t = tg ⎜ + t ⎟ − 1 = − 1 vôù i cos t ≠ 0 ∧ tgt ≠ 1
⎝4 ⎠ 1 − tgt
2tgt
⇔ tg3 t =
1 − tgt
⇔ tg3 t − tg 4 t = 2tgt
⇔ tgt ( tg3 t − tg2 t + 2 ) = 0
⇔ tgt ( tgt + 1) ( tg2 t − 2tgt + 2 ) = 0
⇔ tgt = 0 ∨ tgt = −1( nhaä n so ñieà u kieä n )
π
⇔ t = kπ ∨ t = − + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
Vaäy (*)
π
⇔ x = + kπ hay x = kπ, k ∈]
4
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sin 4 2x + cos4 2x
Baø i 73 : Giaû i phöông trình = cos4 4x (*)
⎛π ⎞ ⎛π ⎞
tg ⎜ − x ⎟ tg ⎜ + x ⎟
⎝4 ⎠ ⎝4 ⎠
Ñieà u kieän
⎧ ⎛π ⎞ ⎛π ⎞ ⎧ ⎛π ⎞
⎪sin ⎜ 4 − x ⎟ cos ⎜ 4 − x ⎟ ≠ 0 ⎪sin ⎜ 2 − 2x ⎟ ≠ 0
⎪ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎪ ⎝ ⎠
⎨ ⇔⎨
⎪sin ⎛ π + x ⎞ cos ⎛ π + x ⎞ ≠ 0 ⎪sin ⎛ π + 2x ⎞ ≠ 0
⎪⎩ ⎝ 4⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎪⎩ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟
⎠ ⎝4 ⎠ ⎠
⇔ cos2x ≠ 0 ⇔ sin 2x ≠ ±1
Do :
⎛π ⎞ ⎛π ⎞ 1 − tgx 1 + tgx
tg ⎜ − x ⎟ tg ⎜ + x ⎟ = . =1
⎝4 ⎠ ⎝4 ⎠ 1 + tgx 1 − tgx
Khi cos2x ≠ 0 thì :
(*) ⇔ sin 4 2x + cos4 2x = cos4 4x
⇔ 1 − 2sin 2 2x cos2 2x = cos4 4x
1
⇔ 1 − sin 2 4x = cos4 4x
2
1
⇔ 1 − (1 − cos2 4x ) = cos4 4x
2
⇔ 2 cos4 4x − cos2 4x − 1 = 0
⎡ cos2 4x = 1
⇔⎢ 2 ⇔ 1 − sin 2 4x = 1
⎢ cos 4x = − 1 ( voâ nghieä m )
⎢⎣ 2
⇔ sin 4x = 0
⇔ 2 sin 2x cos 2x = 0
⇔ sin 2x = 0 ( do cos2x ≠ 0 )
π
⇔ 2x = kπ, k ∈] ⇔ x = k , k ∈]
2
1 2
Baø i 74 :Giaû i phöông trình: 48 − − 2 (1 + cot g2x cot gx ) = 0 (*)
cos x sin x
4

Ta coù :
cos 2x cos x
1 + cot g2x cot gx = 1 + .
sin 2x sin x
sin 2x sin x + cos 2x cos x
=
sin x sin 2x
cos x 1
= = ( do cos x ≠ 0 )
2 sin x cos x 2 sin 2 x
2
1 1
Luù c ñoù (*) ⇔ 48 − − 4 =0
cos x sin x
4
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1 1 sin 4 x + cos4 x
⇔ 48 = + =
cos4 x sin 4 x sin 4 x cos4 x
⇔ 48sin 4 x cos4 x = sin 4 x + cos4 x
⇔ 3sin 4 2x = 1 − 2 sin 2 x cos2 x
1
⇔ 3sin 4 2x + sin 2 2x − 1 = 0
2
⎡ 2 2
⎢sin x = − 3 ( loï ai )
⇔⎢
⎢sin 2 x = 1 ( nhaä n do ≠ 0 )
⎢⎣ 2
1 1
⇔ (1 − cos 4x ) =
2 2
⇔ cos 4x = 0
π
⇔ 4x = + kπ
2
π kπ
⇔ x = + ( k ∈ Z)
8 4

5
( )
sin8 x + cos8 x = 2 sin10 x + cos10 x + cos 2x ( *)
4
Ta coù : (*)
5
( ) (
⇔ sin8 x − 2sin10 x + cos8 x − 2 cos10 x = ) 4
cos2x
5
⇔ sin8 x (1 − 2sin 2 x ) − cos8 x ( −1 + 2 cos2 x ) = cos 2x
4
5
⇔ sin8 x.cos2x − cos8 x cos 2x = cos 2x
4
⇔ 4 cos 2x ( sin x − cos x ) = 5cos 2x
8 8
⇔ cos 2x = 0 hay 4 ( sin 8 x − cos8 x ) = 5

⇔ cos 2x = 0 hay 4 ( sin 4 x − cos4 x )( sin 4 x + cos4 x ) = 5
⎛ 1 ⎞
⇔ cos 2x = 0 hay 4 ⎜ 1 − sin 2 2x ⎟ = 5
⎝ 2 ⎠
⇔ cos 2x = 0 hay − 2 sin 2x = 1(Voâ nghieä m )
2
π
⇔ 2x = + kπ, k ∈]
2
π kπ
⇔x= + , k ∈]
4 2
Caù c h khaù c: Ta coù 4 ( sin8 x − cos8 x ) = 5 voâ nghieä m
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Vì ( sin 8
x − cos8 x ) ≤ 1, ∀ x neâ n 4 ( sin 8 x − cos8 x ) ≤ 4 < 5, ∀x
Ghi chuù : Khi gaëp phöông trình löôï n g giaù c daï n g R(tgx, cotgx, sin2x, cos2x, tg2x)
vôù i R haøm höõ u tyû thì ñaë t t = tgx
2t 2t 1 − t2
Luùc ñoù tg2x = , sin 2x = , cos 2x =
1 − t2 1 + t2 1 + t2
Baø i 76 : (Ñeå thi tuyeå n sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i A, naê m 2003)
cos 2x 1
cot gx − 1 = + sin2 x − sin 2x ( *)
1 + tgx 2
Ñieà u kieän : sin 2x ≠ 0 vaø tgx ≠ −1
Ñaë t t = tgx thì (*) thaønh :
1 − t2
1 1⎡ 1 − t 2 ⎤ 1 2t
− 1 = 1 + t + ⎢1 −
2
t 1+t 2⎣
⎥− .
1 + t2 ⎦ 2 1 + t2
1−t 1 − t 1 2t 2 t
⇔ = + . − ( do t ≠ −1)
t 1+t 2
2 1+t 2
1 + t2
2
1 − t t 2 − 2t + 1 (1 − t )
⇔ = =
t 1 + t2 1 + t2
⇔ ( 1 − t ) (1 + t 2 ) = ( 1 − t ) t
2
⎡1 − t = 0 ⎡ t = 1 ( nhaä n do t ≠ −1)
⇔⎢ ⇔⎢ 2
⎣1 + t = (1 − t ) t ⎣⎢2t − t + 1 = 0 ( voâ nghieä m )
2
π
Vaäy (*) ⇔ tgx = 1 ⇔ x = + kπ ( nhaä n do sin 2x = 1 ≠ 0)
4
Baø i 77 : Giaû i phöông trình: sin 2x + 2tgx = 3 ( * )

Ñaë t t = tgx thì (*) thaø n h :
2t
+ 2t = 3
1 + t2
⇔ 2t + ( 2t − 3) (1 + t 2 ) = 0
⇔ 2t 3 − 3t 2 + 4t − 3 = 0
⇔ ( t − 1) ( 2t 2 − t + 3) = 0
⎡t = 1
⇔⎢ 2
⎣2t − t + 3 = 0 ( voâ nghieä m )
π
Vaä y (*) ⇔ tgx = 1 ⇔ x = + kπ ( k ∈ Z )
4
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2
cot gx − tgx + 4 sin 2x = ( *)
sin 2x
2t
Ñaë t t = tgx thì : sin 2x = do sin 2x ≠ 0 neâ n t ≠ 0
1 + t2
1 8t 1 + t2 1
(*) thaø n h : − t + = = +t
t 1 + t2 t t
8t
⇔ = 2t
1 + t2
4
⇔ = 1 ( do t ≠ 0 )
1 + t2
⇔ t 2 = 3 ⇔ t = ± 3 ( nhaä n do t ≠ 0 )
⎛ π⎞
Vaä y (*) ⇔ tgx = tg ⎜ ± ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
π
⇔ x = ± + kπ, k ∈ ]
3
(1 − tgx )(1 + sin 2x ) = 1 + tgx ( * )
Ñaë t = tgx thì (*) thaø n h :
2t ⎞
(1 − t ) ⎛⎜ 1 + ⎟ =1+t
⎝ 1 + t2 ⎠
( t + 1)
2
⇔ (1 − t ) =1+ t
1 + t2
⎡ t = −1
⎡ t = −1
⇔ ⎢ (1 − t )(1 + t ) ⇔ ⎢
⎢ =1 ⎣1 − t = 1 + t
2 2
⎢⎣ 1+ t 2
⇔ t = −1 ∨ t = 0
⎡ tgx = −1 π
Do ñoù (*) ⇔ ⎢ ⇔ x = − + kπ hay x = kπ, k ∈ ]
⎣ tgx = 0 4
Baø i 80 : Cho phöông trình cos 2x − ( 2m + 1) cos x + m + 1 = 0 ( * )

3
a/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m =
2
⎛ π 3π ⎞
b/ Tìm m ñeå (*) coù nghieä m treâ n ⎜ , ⎟
⎝2 2 ⎠
Ta coù (*) 2 cos x − ( 2m + 1) cos x + m = 0
2
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⎧⎪t = cos x ([ t ] ≤ 1)
⇔⎨
⎪⎩2t − ( 2m + 1) t + m = 0
2
⎧ t = cos x ([ t ] ≤ 1)
⎪
⇔⎨ 1
⎪t = ∨ t = m
⎩ 2
3
a/ Khi m = , phöông trình thaø nh
2
1 3
cos x = ∨ cos x = ( loaï i )
2 2
π
⇔ x = ± + k2π ( k ∈ Z )
3
⎛ π 3π ⎞
b/ Khi x ∈ ⎜ , ⎟ thì cos x = t ∈ [−1, 0)
⎝2 2 ⎠
1
Do t = ∉ [ −1, 0] neâ n
2
π 3π
( *) coù nghieäm treân ⎜⎛ , ⎟⎞ ⇔ m ∈ ⎡⎣−1, 0)
⎝2 2 ⎠

( cos x + 1)( cos 2x − m cos x ) = m sin 2 x ( *)
a/ Giaû i (*) khi m= -2
⎡ 2π ⎤
b/ Tìm m sao cho (*) coù ñuù n g hai nghieä m treâ n ⎢0, ⎥
⎣ 3⎦
Ta coù (*) ⇔ ( cos x + 1) ( 2 cos2 x − 1 − m cos x ) = m (1 − cos2 x )
⇔ ( cos x + 1) ⎡⎣2 cos2 x − 1 − m cos x − m (1 − cos x ) ⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ ( cos x + 1) ( 2 cos2 x − 1 − m ) = 0
a/ Khi m = -2 thì (*) thaø n h :
( cos x + 1) ( 2 cos2 x + 1) = 0
⇔ cosx = -1
⇔ x = π + k2π ( k ∈ Z )
⎡ 2π ⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎤
b / Khi x ∈ ⎢ 0, ⎥ thì cos x = t ∈ ⎢ − ,1⎥
⎣ 3⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦
⎡ 1 ⎤
Nhaä n xeù t raè n g vôù i moãi t treâ n ⎢ − ,1⎥ ta chæ tìm ñöôï c duy nhaát moä t x treân
⎣ 2 ⎦
⎡ 2π ⎤
⎢⎣0, 3 ⎥⎦
⎡ 1 ⎤
Yeâ u caà u baø i toaù n ⇔ 2t 2 − 1 − m = 0 coù ñuù n g hai nghieä m treâ n ⎢ − ,1⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦
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Xeù t y = 2t 2 − 1 ( P ) vaø y = m ( d )
Ta coù y’ = 4t
⎡ 2π ⎤
Vaäy (*) coù ñuù n g hai nghieä m treân ⎢0, ⎥
⎣ 3⎦
⎡ 1 ⎤
⇔ (d) caé t (P) taï i hai ñieå m phaân bieä t treân ⎢ − ,1⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦
1
⇔ −1 < m ≤
2
2
Baø i 82 : Cho phöông trình (1 − a ) tg 2 x − + 1 + 3a = 0 (1)
cos x
1
a/ Giaû i (1) khi a =
2
⎛ π⎞
b/ Tìm a ñeå (1) coù nhieà u hôn moä t nghieä m treâ n ⎜ 0, ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
π
Ñieà u kieän : cos x ≠ 0 ⇔ x ≠ + kπ
2
(1) ⇔ (1 − a ) sin x − 2 cos x + (1 + 3a ) cos2 x = 0
2
⇔ (1 − a ) (1 − cos2 x ) − 2 cos x + (1 + 3a ) cos2 x = 0

⇔ 4a cos2 x − 2 cos x + 1 − a = 0
⇔ a ( 4 cos2 x − 1) − ( 2 cos x − 1) = 0
⇔ ( 2 cos x − 1) ⎡⎣a ( 2 cos x + 1) − 1⎤⎦ = 0
1 ⎛ 1⎞
a/ Khi a = thì (1) thaø n h : ( 2 cos x − 1) ⎜ cos x − ⎟ = 0
2 ⎝ 2⎠
1 π
⇔ cos x = = cos ( nhaä n do cos x ≠ 0 )
2 3
π
⇔ x = ± + k2π ( k ∈ Z )
3
⎛ π⎞
b/ Khi x ∈ ⎜ 0, ⎟ thì cos x = t ∈ ( 0,1)
⎝ 2⎠
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⎡ 1
cos x = t = ∈ ( 0,1)
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ ⎢ 2
⎢
⎢⎣2a cos x = 1 − a ( 2)
⎧
⎪a ≠ 0
⎪
⎧1 ⎫ ⎪ 1−a
Yeâ u caà u baø i toaù n ⇔ (2) coù nghieäm treâ n ( 0,1) \ ⎨ ⎬ ⇔ ⎨0 < <1
⎩2⎭ ⎪ 2a
⎪1 − a 1
⎪⎩ 2a ≠ 2
⎧a ≠ 0 ⎧
⎪1 − a ⎪0 < a < 1
⎪ >0 ⎧1
⎪ <a <1
⎪ 2a ⎪ 1 ⎪⎪ 3
⇔⎨ ⇔ ⎨a < 0 ∨ a > ⇔ ⎨
⎪1 − 3a < 0 ⎪ 3 ⎪a ≠ 1
⎪ 2a ⎪ 1 ⎩⎪ 2
⎪2 (1 − a ) ≠ 2a ⎪⎩a ≠ 2
⎩
1
Caù c h khaù c : daë t u = , ñieà u kieä n u ≥1 ; pt thaø n h
cos x
(1 − a ) ( u 2 − 1 ) − 2u + 1 + 3a = 0 ⇔ (1 − a ) u 2 − 2u + 4a = 0
⇔ ( u − 2 ) [ (1 − a)u − 2a ] = 0
Baø i 83 : Cho phöông trình : cos 4x + 6 sin x cos x = m (1)

a/ Giaû i (1) khi m = 1
⎡ π⎤
b/ Tìm m ñeå (1) coù hai nghieä m phaâ n bieä t treâ n ⎢ 0, ⎥
⎣ 4⎦
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ 1 − 2 sin 2x + 3 sin 2x = m
2
⎧⎪t = sin 2x ( t ≤ 1)
⇔⎨ 2
⎪⎩2t − 3t + m − 1 = 0 ( 2)
a/ Khi m = 1 thì (1) thaø n h
⎧t = sin 2x ( t ≤ 1)
⎧⎪ t = sin 2x ( t ≤ 1) ⎪
⎨ 2 ⇔⎨ 3
⎪⎩2t − 3t = 0 ⎪t = 0 ∨ t = ( loaï i )
⎩ 2
kπ
⇔ sin 2x = 0 ⇔ x =
2
⎡ π ⎤
b/ Khi x ∈ ⎢0, ⎥ thì sin 2x = t ∈ [ 0,1]
⎣ 4⎦
Nhaä n thaáy raèn g moã i t tìm ñöôï c treâ n [ 0,1] ta chæ tìm ñöôï c duy nhaá t moä t
⎡ π⎤
x ∈ ⎢ 0, ⎥
⎣ 4⎦
Ta coù : (2) ⇔ −2t 2 + 3t + 1 = m
Xeù t y = −2t 2 + 3t + 1 treâ n [ 0,1]
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Thì y ' = −4t + 3
Yeâ u caà u baø i toaù n ⇔ (d) y = m caé t taï i hai ñieå m phaân bieä t treân [ 0,1]
17
⇔2 ≤ m <
8
Caù c h khaù c :ñaë t f (x) = 2t 2 − 3t + m − 1 . Vì a = 2 > 0, neâ n ta coù
⎧Δ =17 − 8m > 0
⎪
⎪⎪ f (0) = m −1≥ 0 17
Yeâu caàu baø i toaùn ⇔ ⎨ f (1) = m − 2 ≥ 0 ⇔ 2 ≤ m <
⎪ 8
S
⎪ 0 ≤ = ≤1 3
⎪⎩ 2 4

4 cos5 x.sin x − 4 sin 5 x cos x = sin 2 4x + m (1 )
a/ Bieá t raè n g x = π laø nghieä m cuû a (1). Haõ y giaû i (1) trong tröôøn g hôï p ñoù .
π
b/ Cho bieá t x = − laø moä t nghieä m cuû a (1). Haõ y tìm taá t caû nghieä m cuûa (1) thoûa
8
x − 3x + 2 < 0
4 2
(1) ⇔ 4 sin x cos x ( cos4 x − sin 4 x ) = sin 2 4x + m

⇔ 2 sin 2x ( cos2 x − sin 2 x )( cos2 x + sin 2 x ) = sin 2 4x + m
⇔ 2 sin 2x.cos 2x = sin 2 4x + m
⇔ sin 2 4x − sin 4x + m = 0 (1)
a/ x = π laø nghieäm cuû a (1) ⇒ sin2 4π − sin 4π + m = 0

⇒m = 0
Luù c ñoù (1) ⇔ sin 4x (1 − sin 4x ) = 0
⇔ sin 4x = 0 ∨ sin 4x = 1
π
⇔ 4x = kπ ∨ 4x = + k2π
2
kπ π kπ
⇔x = ∨x= + ( k ∈ Z)
4 8 2
⎧⎪t = x2 ≥ 0 ⎧t = x2 ≥ 0
b/ x − 3x + 2 < 0 ⇔ ⎨ 2
4 2
⇔ ⎨
⎩⎪t − 3t + 2 < 0 ⎩1 < t < 2
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⇔ 1 < x2 < 2 ⇔ 1 < x < 2

⇔ − 2 < x < −1 ∨ 1 < x < 2 ( * )
π ⎛ π⎞
x=− thì sin 4x = sin ⎜ − ⎟ = −1
8 ⎝ 2⎠
π
x = − laø nghieä m cuû a (1) ⇒ 1 + 1 + m = 0
8
⇒ m = −2
Luù c ñoù (1) thaø n h : sin2 4x − sin 4x − 2 = 0
⎧⎪t = sin 4x ( vôù i t ≤ 1)
⇔⎨
⎪⎩t − t − 2 = 0
2
⎧⎪t = sin 4x ( vôù i t ≤ 1)

⇔⎨
⎪⎩t = −1 ∨ t = 2 ( loaï i )
⇔ sin 4x = −1
π
⇔ 4x = − + k2π
2
π kπ
⇔x = − +
8 2
Keá t hôï p vôùi ñieà u kieä n (*) suy ra k = 1
π π 3π
Vaäy (1) coù nghieäm x = − + = thoû a x4 − 3x2 + 2 < 0
8 2 8
Baø i 85 : Tìm a ñeå hai phöông trình sau töông ñöông
2 cos x.cos 2x = 1 + cos 2x + cos 3x (1 )
4 cos2 x − cos 3x = a cos x + ( 4 − a )(1 + cos 2x ) ( 2)
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ cos 3x + cos x = 1 + cos 2x + cos 3x

(
⇔ cos x = 1 + 2 cos2 x − 1 )
⇔ cos x (1 − 2 cos x ) = 0
1
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ cos x =
2
( )
Ta coù : (2) ⇔ 4 cos x − 4 cos x − 3 cos x = a cos x + ( 4 − a ) 2 cos2 x
2 3
⇔ 4 cos3 x + ( 4 − 2a ) cos2 x ( a − 3) cos x = 0

⎡cos x = 0
⇔⎢
⎢⎣4 cos x + 2 ( 2 − a ) cos x + a − 3 = 0
2
⎛ 1⎞
⇔ cos x = 0 hay ⎜ cos x − ⎟ [ 2 cos x + 3 − a ] = 0
⎝ 2⎠
1 a−3
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ cos x = ∨ cos x =
2 2
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Vaä y yeâ u caà u baø i toaù n

⎡a − 3
⎢ 2 =0
⎢ ⎡a = 3
⎢ a−3 1 ⎢a = 4
⇔ = ⇔ ⎢
⎢ 2 2
⎢a − 3 a−3 ⎣⎢a < 1 ∨ a > 5
⎢ < −1 ∨ >1
⎢⎣ 2 2
Baø i 86 : Cho phöông trình : cos4x = cos2 3x + asin 2 x (*)

a/ Giaû i phöông trì nh khi a = 1
⎛ π ⎞
b/ Tìm a ñeå (*) coù nghieä m treâ n ⎜ 0, ⎟
⎝ 12 ⎠
1 a
Ta coù : ( *) ⇔ cos 4x = (1 + cos 6x ) + (1 − cos 2x )
2 2
( )
⇔ 2 2 cos 2x − 1 = 1 + 4 cos 2x − 3 cos 2x + a (1 − cos 2x )
2 3
⎧t = cos 2x
⎪ ( t ≤ 1)
⇔⎨
( )
⎪⎩2 2t − 1 = 1 + 4t − 3t + a (1 − t )
2 3
⎧⎪t = cos 2x ( t ≤ 1)
⇔⎨
⎪⎩−4t + 4t + 3t − 3 = a (1 − t )
3 2
⎧1 = cos 2x
⎪ ( t ≤ 1)
⇔⎨
( )
⎪⎩( t − 1) −4t + 3 = a (1 − t ) ( * *)
2
a/ Khi a = 1 thì (*) thaø n h :

⎪t = cos 2x ( t ≤ 1)
⎧
⎪⎧t = cos 2x ( t ≤ 1)
⎨ ⇔ ⎨
(
⎪⎩( t − 1) −4t + 4 = 0
2
) ⎩⎪t = ±1
⇔ cos 2x = ±1 ⇔ cos2 2x = 1
kπ
⇔ sin 2x = 0 ⇔ 2x = kπ ⇔ x = , ( k ∈ Z)
2
⎛ π ⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞
b/ Ta coù : x ∈ ⎜ 0, ⎟ ⇔ 2x ∈ ⎜ 0, ⎟ .Vaä y cos 2x = t ∈ ⎜⎜ ,1 ⎟⎟
⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎝ 6⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
( )
Vaä y (**) ⇔ ( t-1) −4t 2 + 3 = a (1 − t )
⇔ 4t 2 − 3 = a ( do t ≠ 1)
⎛ 3 ⎞
Xeù t y = 4t 2 − 3 ( P ) treâ n ⎜⎜ ,1 ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ 3 ⎞
⇒ y ' = 8t > 0 ∀t ∈ ⎜⎜ ,1 ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
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⎛ π⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞
Do ñoù (*) coù nghieä m treâ n ⎜ 0, ⎟ ⇔ ( d ) : y = a caé t ( P ) treâ n ⎜⎜ ,1 ⎟⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ 3⎞
⇔ y ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ < a < y (1)
⎝ 2 ⎠
⇔ 0<a <1
BAØI TAÄP
1. Giaû i caùc phöông trình sau :
a/ sin4x = tgx
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ 9
b/ sin4 x + sin4 x ⎜ x + ⎟ + sin4 ⎜ x − ⎟ =
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ 8
c/ tgx + cot gx = 4
d/
( )
sin x 3 2 − 2 cos x − 2 sin 2 x − 1
=1
1 − sin 2x
4
e/ 4 cos x + 3 2 sin 2x = 8 cos x
1 1 2
f/ + =
cos x sin 2x sin 4x
⎛ π⎞
g/ sin 2x + 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = 1
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
h/ 2 ( 2 sin x − 1) = 4 ( sin x − 1) − cos ⎜ 2x + ⎟ − sin ⎜ 2x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
4x
k/ cos = cos2 x
3
x
l/ tg .cos x + sin 2x = 0
2
m/ 1 + 3tgx = 2sin 2x
n/ cot gx = tgx + 2tg2x
3x 4x
p/ 2 cos2 + 1 = 3 cos
5 5
2
q/ 3 cos 4x − 2 cos 3x = 1
3x
r/ 2 cos2 + 1 = 3 cos 2x
2
x
s/ cos x + tg = 1
2
t/ 3tg2x − 4tg3x = tg 2 3x.tg2x
3
u/ cos x.cos 4x + cos 2x.cos 3x + cos2 4x =
2
3
v/ cos2 x + cos2 2x + cos2 3x + cos2 4x =
2
w/ sin 4x = tgx
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13
x/ cos6 x + sin6 x = cos2 2x
8
⎛ 3π x ⎞ 1 ⎛ π 3x ⎞
y/ sin ⎜ − ⎟ = sin ⎜ + ⎟
⎝ 10 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝ 10 2 ⎠
2. sin6 x + cos6 x = a sin 2x (1)
a/ Giaû i phöông trình khi a = 1.
1
b/ Tìm a ñeå (1) coù nghieä m (ÑS : a ≥ )
4
3. Cho phöông trình
cos6 x + sin6 x
= 2mtg2x (1 )
cos2 x − sin2 x
1
8
1
b/ Tìm m sao cho (1) coù nghieä m (ÑS : m ≥ )
8
4. Tìm m ñeå phöông trình
sin 4x = mtgx coù nghieä m x ≠ kπ
⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜ ÑS : − < m < 4 ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
5. Tìm m ñeå phöông trình :
cos 3x − cos 2x + m cos x − 1 = 0
⎛ π ⎞
coù ñuù n g 7 nghieäm treân ⎜ − , 2π ⎟ ( ÑS :1 < m < 3)
⎝ 2 ⎠
( ) ( )
4 sin 4 x + cos4 x − 4 sin 6 x + cos6 x − sin 2 4x = m coù nghieä m
⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜ ÑS : − ≤ m ≤ 1 ⎟
⎝ 8 ⎠
7. Cho phöông trình :
6 sin2 x − sin2 x = m cos2 2x (1)
b/ Tìm m ñeå (1) coù nghieä m ( ÑS : m ≥ 0 )
m
sin4 x + cos 4x + sin 4x −
( 2m + 1) sin2 x = 0
4 4
⎛ π π⎞
coù hai nghieä m phaân bieä t treân ⎜ , ⎟
⎝4 2⎠
⎛ 1⎞
⎜ ÑS : 2 5 − 4 < m < ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
( )
sin6 x + cos6 x = m sin 4 x + cos4 x coù nghieä m
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⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜ ÑS : ≤ m ≤ 1 ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
cos 4x = cos2 3x + a sin2 x
⎛ π⎞
Tìm a ñeå phöông trình coù nghieä m x ∈ ⎜ 0, ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
( ÑS : 0 < a < 1)
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CHÖÔNG IV
PHÖÔNG TRÌNH BAÄC NHAÁT THEO SIN VAØ COSIN
( PHÖÔNG TRÌNH COÅ ÑIEÅN )
a sin u + b cos u = c ( * ) . ( a, b ∈ R \ 0 )
Caù c h 1 : Chia 2 veá phöông trình cho a 2 + b2 ≠ 0

a b
Ñaë t cos α = vaø sin α = vôù i α ∈ [ 0, 2π]
a 2 + b2 a 2 + b2
c
Thì ( *) ⇔ sin u cos α + cos u sin α =
a 2 + b2
c
⇔ sin ( u + α ) =
a 2 + b2
Caù c h 2 :
Neá u u = π + k2π laø nghieä m cuû a (*) thì :
a sin π + b cos π = c ⇔ − b = c
u
Neá u u ≠ π + k2π ñaë t t = tg thì (*) thaøn h :
2
2
2t 1−t
a 2
+b =c
1+t 1 + t2
⇔ ( b + c ) t 2 − 2at + c − b = 0 (1)( vôù i b + c ≠ 0 )
Phöông trình coù nghieä m ⇔ Δ ' = a 2 − ( c + b )( c − b ) ≥ 0
⇔ a 2 ≥ c 2 − b 2 ⇔ a 2 + b2 ≥ c 2
u
Giaû i phöông trình (1) tìm ñöôï c t. Töø t = tg ta tìm ñöôïc u.
2
⎛ 2π 6π ⎞
Baø i 87 : Tìm x ∈ ⎜ , ⎟ thoû a phöông trình : cos 7x − 3 sin 7x = − 2 ( *)
⎝ 5 7 ⎠
Chia hai veá cuû a (*) cho 2 ta ñöôï c :
1 3 2
( *) ⇔ cos 7x − sin 7x = −
2 2 2
π π 2
⇔ − sin cos 7x + cos sin 7x =
6 6 2
⎛ π⎞ π
⇔ sin ⎜ 7x − ⎟ = sin
⎝ 6⎠ 4
π π π 3π
⇔ 7x − = + k2π hay 7x − = + h2π , ( k, h ∈ Z )
6 4 6 4
5π k2π 11π h2π
⇔x= + hay x = + , k,h∈]
84 7 84 7
⎛ 2π 6π ⎞
Do x ∈ ⎜ , ⎟ neân ta phaû i coù :
⎝ 5 7 ⎠
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2π 5π k2π 6π 2π 11π h2π 6π

< + < hay < + < ( k, h ∈ ] )
5 84 7 7 5 84 7 7
2 5 k2 6 2 11 h2 6
⇔ < + < hay < + < ( k, h ∈ ] )
5 84 7 7 5 84 7 7
Suy ra k = 2, h = 1, 2
5π 4π 53 11π 2π 35
Vaä y x = + = π∨ x = + = π
84 7 84 84 7 84
11π 4π 59
∨x= + = π
84 7 84

3sin 3x − 3 cos 9x = 1 + 4 sin3 3x ( *)
( )
Ta coù : ( * ) ⇔ 3sin 3x − 4 sin 3 3x − 3 cos 9x = 1
⇔ sin 9x − 3 cos 9x = 1
1 3 1
⇔ sin 9x − cos 9x =
2 2 2
⎛ π ⎞ 1 π
⇔ sin ⎜ 9x − ⎟ = = sin
⎝ 3⎠ 2 6
π π π 5π
⇔ 9x − = + k2π hay 9x − = + k2π, k ∈ ]
3 6 3 6
π k2π 7π k2π
⇔x= + hay x = + ,k ∈]
18 9 54 9

⎛ 1 ⎞
tgx − sin 2x − cos 2x + 2 ⎜ 2 cos x − ⎟ = 0 ( *)
⎝ cos x ⎠
sin x 2
Luù c ñoù : ( *) ⇔ − sin 2x − cos 2x + 4 cos x − =0
cos x cos x
⇔ sin x − sin 2x cos x − cos x cos 2x + 4 cos2 x − 2 = 0
( )
⇔ sin x 1 − 2 cos2 x − cos x cos 2x + 2 cos 2x = 0
⇔ − sin x cos 2x − cos x cos 2x + 2 cos 2x = 0
⇔ c os 2x = 0 hay − sin x − cos x + 2 = 0
⇔⎢
(
⎡cos 2x = 0 nhaä n do cos 2x = 2 cos2 x − 1 = 0 thì cos x ≠ 0 )
⎢sin x + cos x = 2
⎢⎣ (
voâ nghieä m vì 12 + 12 < 22 )
π
⇔ 2x = ( 2k + 1) , k ∈ ]
2
π kπ
⇔x= + ,k ∈]
4 2
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3 1
Baø i 90 : Giaû i phöông trình 8 sin x = + ( *)
cos x sin x
Luùc ñoù (*) ⇔ 8sin2 x cos x = 3 sin x + cos x
⇔ 4 (1 − cos 2x ) cos x = 3 sin x + cos x
⇔ −4 cos 2x cos x = 3 sin x − 3 cos x
⇔ −2 ( cos 3x + cos x ) = 3 sin x − 3 cos x
3 1
⇔ cos 3x = − sin x + cosx
2 2
⎛ π⎞
⇔ cos 3x = cos ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
π π
⇔ 3x = x + + k2π ∨ 3x = − x − + k2π
3 3
π π kπ
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = − + , k∈ ]
6 12 2
Nhaä n so vôùi ñieà u kieä n sin 2x ≠ 0
Caù c h khaù c :
(*) ⇔ 8sin2 x cos x = 3 sin x + cos x
( hieå n nhieâ n cosx = 0 hay sinx = 0 khoâ n g laø nghieäm cuû a pt naø y )
⇔ 8(1 − cos2 x) cos x = 3 sin x + cos x
⇔ 8 cos x − 8 cos3 x = 3 sin x + cos x
⇔ 6 cos x − 8 cos3 x = 3 sin x − cos x
1 3
⇔ 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x = cos x − sin x
2 2
⎛ π⎞
⇔ cos 3x = cos ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
π π
⇔ 3x = x + + k2π ∨ 3x = − x − + k2π
3 3
π π kπ
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = − + , k∈ ]
6 12 2

9 sin x + 6 cos x − 3sin 2x + cos 2x = 8 ( * )
( )
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ 9 sin x + 6 cos x − 6 sin x cos x + 1 − 2 sin 2 x = 8
⇔ 6 cos x − 6 sin x cos x − 2 sin2 x + 9 sin x − 7 = 0
⎛ 7⎞
⇔ 6 cos x (1 − sin x ) − 2 ( sin x − 1) ⎜ sin x − ⎟ = 0
⎝ 2⎠
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⎛ 7⎞
⇔ 1 − sin x = 0 hay 6 cos x + 2 ⎜ sin x − ⎟ = 0
⎝ 2⎠
⎡sin x = 1
⇔⎢
( 2 2
⎢⎣ 6 cos x + 2 sin x = 7 voâ nghieä m do 6 + 2 < 7
2
)
π
⇔ x = + k2π , k ∈ ]
2
Baø i 92 : Giaû i phöông trình: sin 2x + 2 cos 2x = 1 + sin x − 4 cos x ( * )
( )
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ 2 sin x cos x + 2 2 cos2 x − 1 = 1 + sin x − 4 cos x
⇔ 2 sin x cos x − sin x + 4 cos2 x + 4 cos x − 3 = 0
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞⎛ 3⎞
⇔ 2 sin x ⎜ cos x − ⎟ + 4 ⎜ cos x − ⎟ ⎜ cos x + ⎟ = 0
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠⎝ 2⎠
1
(
⇔ cos x − = 0 hay 2 sin x + 4 cos x + 6 = 0 voâ nghieä m do 22 + 42 < 62
2
)
π
⇔x=± + k 2π
3

2 sin 2x − cos 2x = 7 sin x + 2 cos x − 4 ( * )
( )
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ 4 sin x cos x − 1 − 2 sin 2 x = 7 sin x + 2 cos x − 4
⇔ 2 cos x ( 2 sin x − 1) + 2 sin2 x − 7 sin x + 3 = 0
⎛ 1⎞
⇔ 2 cos x ( 2 sin x − 1) + 2 ⎜ sin x − ⎟ ( sin x − 3)
⎝ 2⎠
⇔ 2 cos x ( 2 sin x − 1) + ( 2 sin x − 1) ( sin x − 3) = 0
(
⇔ 2 sin x − 1 = 0 hay 2 cos x + sin x − 3 = 0 voâ nghieä m vì 12 + 22 < 32 )
π 5π
⇔x= + k2π ∨ x = + k2π , k ∈ ]
6 6

sin 2x − cos 2x = 3sin x + cos x − 2 ( * )
( )
Ta coù (*) ⇔ 2 sin x cos x − 1 − 2 sin 2 x = 3sin x + cos x − 2
⇔ cos x ( 2 sin x − 1) + 2 sin2 x − 3 sin x + 1 = 0
⇔ cos x ( 2 sin x − 1) + ( sin x − 1) ( 2 sin x − 1) = 0
⇔ 2 sin x − 1 = 0 hay cos x + sin x − 1 = 0
1 ⎛ π⎞
⇔ sin x = hay 2 cos x ⎜ x − ⎟ = 1
2 ⎝ 4⎠
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π 5π π π
⇔x= + k2π ∨ x = + k2π hay x − = ± + k2π, k ∈ ]
6 6 4 4
π 5π π
⇔ x = + k2π ∨ x = + k2π hay x = + k2π ∨ x = k2π, k ∈ ]
6 6 2
π⎞
(sin 2x + )
2 ⎛
3 cos 2x − 5 = cos ⎜ 2x − ⎟ ( *)
⎝ 6⎠
Ñaë t t = sin 2x + 3 cos 2x , Điều kiện − a 2 + b 2 = −2 ≤ t ≤ 2 = a 2 + b 2
⎛1 3 ⎞ ⎛ π⎞
Thì t = 2 ⎜⎜ sin 2x + cos 2x ⎟⎟ = 2 cos ⎜ 2x − ⎟
⎝2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 6⎠
Vaäy (*) thaø n h:
t 5
t 2 − 5 = ⇔ 2t 2 − t − 10 = 0 ⇔ t = ( loaï i ) ∨ t = −2
2 2
⎛ π⎞
Do ñoù ( * ) ⇔ cos ⎜ 2x − ⎟ = −1
⎝ 6⎠
π 7π
⇔ 2x − = π + k2π ⇔ x = + kπ
6 12
Baø i 96 : Giaû i phöông trình 2 cos3 x + cos2x + sin x = 0 ( *)
Ta coù (*) ⇔ 2 cos3 x + 2 cos2 x − 1 + sin x = 0
⇔ 2 cos2 x ( cos x + 1) − 1 + sin x = 0
⇔ 2 (1 − sin 2 x ) (1 + cos x ) − (1 − sin x ) = 0
⇔ 1 − sin x = 0 hay 2 (1 + sin x )(1 + cos x ) − 1 = 0
⇔ 1 − sin x = 0 hay 1 + 2sin x cos x + 2(sin x + cos x) = 0
⇔ 1 − sin x = 0 hay (sin x + cos x )2 + 2(sin x + cos x) = 0
⇔ sin x = 1 hay sin x + cos x = 0 hay sin x + cos x + 2 = 0 ( voâ nghieä m do: 12 + 12 < 22 )
π π
⇔ sin x = 1 hay tgx = −1 ⇔ x = + k2π hay x = − + k2π, k ∈ ]
2 4
1 − cos 2x
Baø i 97 : Giaû i phöông trình 1 + cot g2x = ( *)
sin2 2x
Ñieà u kieän : sin 2x ≠ 0 ⇔ cos2x ≠ ±1
Ta coù (*)
1 − cos 2x 1
⇔ 1 + cot g2x = =
1 − cos 2x 1 + cos 2x
2
1
⇔ cot g2x = −1
1 + cos 2x
cos 2x − cos 2x
⇔ =
sin 2x 1 + cos 2x
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⎡ cos 2x = 0 ( nhaän do ≠ ±1)

⇔⎢ 1 −1
⎢ =
⎢⎣ sin 2x 1 + cos 2x
⇔ cos 2x = 0 ∨ 1 + cos 2x = − sin 2x
⇔ cos 2x = 0 ∨ sin 2x + cos 2x = −1
⎛ π⎞ 1 ⎛ π⎞
⇔ cos 2x = 0 ∨ sin ⎜ 2x + ⎟ = − = sin ⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ 2 ⎝ 4⎠
π π π π 5π
⇔ 2x = + kπ ∨ 2x + = − + k2π ∨ 2x + = + k2π, k ∈ ]
2 4 4 4 4
π kπ π
⇔x= + ∨ x == − + kπ ∨ 2x = π + k2π ( loaï i ) , k ∈ ]
4 2 4
π kπ
⇔x= + , k∈]
4 2
Baø i 98 : Giaû i phöông trình 4 ( sin 4 x + cos4 x ) + 3 sin 4x = 2 ( *)
Ta coù : (*)
⇔ 4 ⎡⎢( sin 2 x + cos2 x ) − 2 sin 2 x cos2 x ⎤⎥ + 3 sin 4x = 2
2
⎣ ⎦
⎡ 1 ⎤
⇔ 4 ⎢1 − sin 2 2x ⎥ + 3 sin 4x = 2
⎣ 2 ⎦
⇔ cos 4x + 3 sin 4x = −1
1 3 1
⇔ cos 4x + sin 4x = −
2 2 2
⎛ π⎞ 2π
⇔ cos ⎜ 4x − ⎟ = cos
⎝ 3⎠ 3
π 2π
⇔ 4x − = ± + k2π
3 3
π
⇔ 4x = π + k2π hay 4x = − + k2π , k ∈ ]
3
π π π π
⇔ x = + k hay x = − + k , k ∈ ]
4 2 12 2
Caùc h khaù c :
(*) ⇔ 2 (1 − sin 2 2x ) + 3 sin 4x = 0
⇔ 2 cos2 2x + 2 3 sin 2x cos 2x = 0
⇔ cos 2x = 0 ∨ cos 2x + 3 sin 2x = 0
⇔ cos 2x = 0 ∨ cot g2x = − 3
π π
⇔ 2x = + kπ ∨ 2x = − + kπ, k ∈ ]
2 6
π kπ π kπ
⇔x= + ∨x=− + , k∈]
4 2 12 2
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1
Baø i 99 : Giaû i phöông trình 1 + sin3 2x + cos3 2x = sin 4x ( *)
2
1
Ta coù (*) ⇔ 1 + ( sin 2x + cos 2x )(1 − sin 2x cos 2x ) = sin 4x
2
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
⇔ 1 − sin 4x + ( sin 2x + cos 2x ) ⎜ 1 − sin 4x ⎟ = 0
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
1
⇔ 1 − sin 4x = 0 hay 1 + sin 2x + cos 2x = 0
2
⎡sin 4x = 2 ( loaï i )
⇔⎢
⎣sin 2x + cos 2x = −1
π
⇔ 2 sin( 2x + ) = −1
4
⎛ π⎞ π
⇔ sin ⎜ 2x + ⎟ = sin(− )
⎝ 4⎠ 4
⎡ π π
⎢2x + 4 = − 4 + k2π
⇔⎢ ( k ∈ Z)
⎢ 2x + π = 5π + k2π
⎢⎣ 4 4
π π
⇔ x = − + kπ ∨ x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
4 2

( )
tgx − 3 cot gx = 4 sin x + 3 cos x ( *)
⎧sin x ≠ 0
Ñieà u kieän ⎨ ⇔ sin 2x ≠ 0
⎩cos x ≠ 0
sin x cos x
Luùc ñoù : (*) ⇔
cos x
−3
sin x
(
= 4 sin x + 3 cos x )
(
⇔ sin 2 x − 3cos2 x = 4sin x cos x sin x + 3 cos x )
( )(
⇔ sin x + 3 cos x sin x − 3 cos x − 2sin 2x = 0 )
⎡sin x = − 3 cos x
⎢
⇔ ⎢1 3
⎢⎣ 2 sin x − 2 cos x = sin 2x
⎡ ⎛ π⎞
⎢ tgx = − 3 = tg ⎜ − 3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⇔⎢
⎢ ⎛ π⎞
⎢sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = sin 2x
⎣ ⎝ 3⎠
π π π
⇔ x = − + kπ ∨ x − = 2x + k2π ∨ x − = π − 2x + k2π, k ∈ Z
3 3 3
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π π 4π k2π
⇔x=− + kπ ∨ x = − − k2π ∨ x = + , k∈ ]
3 3 9 3
π 4π k2π
⇔ x = − + kπ ∨ x = + ( nhaän do sin 2x ≠ 0 )
3 9 3
Baø i 101 : Giaû i phöông trình sin 3 x + cos3 x = sin x − cos x ( *)

Ta coù : (*) ⇔ sin3 x − sin x + cos3 x + cos x = 0
⇔ sin x ( sin 2 x − 1) + cos3 x + cos x = 0
⇔ − sin x cos2 x + cos3 x + cos x = 0
⇔ cos x = 0 hay − sin x cos x + cos2 x + 1 = 0
⎡ cos x = 0
⇔⎢
⎣ − sin 2x + cos 2x = −3 ( voâ nghieä m do 1 + 1 < 9 )
π
⇔ x = ( 2k + 1) , k ∈ Z
2
⎛ π⎞ 1
Baø i 102 : Giaû i phöông trình cos4 x + sin 4 ⎜ x + ⎟ = ( *)
⎝ 4⎠ 4
2
1 1⎡ ⎛ π ⎞⎤ 1
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ (1 + cos 2x ) + ⎢1 − cos ⎜ 2x + ⎟ ⎥
2
=
4 4⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦ 4
⇔ (1 + cos 2x ) + (1 + sin 2x ) = 1
2 2
⇔ cos 2x + sin 2x = −1
⎛ π⎞ 1 3π
⇔ cos ⎜ 2x − ⎟ = − = cos
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4
π 3π
⇔ 2x − = ± + k2π
4 4
π π
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = − + kπ, k ∈ Z
2 4
Baø i 103 : Giaû i phöông trình 4sin3 x.cos3x + 4 cos3 x.sin 3x + 3 3 cos 4x = 3 ( *)
Ta coù : (*)
⇔ 4sin 3 x ( 4 cos3 x − 3cos x ) + 4 cos3 x ( 3sin x − 4sin 3 x ) + 3 3 cos 4x = 3
⇔ −12sin3 x cos x + 12sin x cos3 x + 3 3 cos 4x = 3
⇔ 4sin x cos x ( − sin 2 x + cos2 x ) + 3 cos 4x = 1
⇔ 2sin 2x.cos2x + 3 cos 4x = 1
π
sin
⇔ sin 4x + 3 cos 4x = 1
π
cos
3
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π π π
⇔ sin 4x.cos + sin cos 4x = cos
3 3 3
⎛ π⎞ π
⇔ sin ⎜ 4x + ⎟ = sin
⎝ 3⎠ 6
π π π 5π
⇔ 4x + = + k2π ∨ 4x + = + k2π, k ∈ ]
3 6 3 6
π kπ π kπ
⇔x=− + ∨x= + , k∈]
24 2 8 2
Baø i 104 : Cho phöông trình : 2 sin 2 x − sin x cos x − cos2 x = m ( *)

a/ Tìm m sao cho phöông trình coù nghieä m
b/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m = -1
1 1
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ (1 − cos 2x ) − sin 2x − (1 + cos 2x ) = m
2 2
⇔ sin 2x + 3cos2x = −2m + 1
a/ (*) coù nghieä m ⇔ a2 + b2 ≥ c2
⇔ 1 + 9 ≥ (1 − 2m )
2
⇔ 4m 2 − 4m − 9 ≤ 0
1 − 10 1 + 10
⇔ ≤m≤
2 2
b/ Khi m = -1 ta ñöôïc phöông trình
sin 2x + 3 cos 2x = 3 (1)
π
• Neáu x = ( 2k + 1) thì sin 2x = 0 vaø cos2x = −1 neân phöông trình (1) khoâng
2
thoûa.
π
• Neáu x ≠ ( 2k + 1) thì cos x ≠ 0,ñaët t = tgx
2
2t 3 (1 − t 2 )
(1) thaø n h + =3
1 + t2 1 + t2
⇔ 2t + 3 (1 − t 2 ) = 3 ( t 2 + 1)
⇔ 6t 2 − 2t = 0
⇔ t = 0∨ t = 3
Vaäy ( 1) ⇔ tgx = 0 hay tgx = 3 = tgϕ ⇔ x = kπ hay x = ϕ + kπ, k ∈ ]
⎛ 3π ⎞
5 + 4sin ⎜ − x ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ = 6tgα *
Baø i 105 : Cho phöông trình ( )
sin x 1 + tg2 α
π
a/ Giaûi phöông trình khi α = −
4
b/ Tìm α ñeå phöông trình (*) coù nghieä m
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⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛π ⎞
Ta coù : sin ⎜ − x ⎟ = − sin ⎜ − x ⎟ = − cos x
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
6tgα 6sin α
= .cos2 α = 3sin 2α vôù i cos α ≠ 0
1 + tg α cos α
2
5 − 4 cos x
Vaäy : ( *) ⇔ = 3sin 2α ( ñieà u kieä n sin x ≠ 0 vaø cos α ≠ 0 )
sin x
⇔ 3sin 2α sin x + 4 cos x = 5
π
a/ Khi α = − ta ñöôï c phöông trình
4
−3sin x + 4 cos x = 5 (1) ( Hieå n nhieâ n sin x = 0 khoâ n g laø nghieä m cuû a (1))
3 4
⇔ − sin x + cos x = 1
5 5
3 4
Ñaë t cos ϕ = − vaø sin ϕ = vôù i 0 < ϕ < 2π
5 5
Ta coù pt (1) thaø nh :
sin ( ϕ + x ) = 1
π
⇔ ϕ+ x = + k2π
2
π
⇔ x = −ϕ + + k 2π
2
b/ (**) coù nghieä m ⇔ ( 3sin 2α ) + 16 ≥ 25 vaø cos α ≠ 0
2
⇔ sin 2 2α ≥ 1 vaø cos α ≠ 0

⇔ sin 2 2α = 1
⇔ cos 2α = 0
π kπ
⇔α= + ,k ∈]
4 2
BAØ I TAÄ P
a/ 2 2 ( sin x + cos x ) cos x = 3 + cos 2x
b/ ( 2 cos x − 1) ( sin x + cos x ) = 1
c/ 2 cos 2x = 6 ( cos x − sin x )
d/ 3sin x = 3 − 3 cos x
e/ 2 cos3x + 3 sin x + cos x = 0
f/ cos x + 3 sin x = sin 2x + cos x + sin x
3
g/ cos x + 3 sin x =
cos x + 3 sin x + 1
h/ sin x + cos x = cos 2x
k/ 4 sin3 x − 1 = 3sin x − 3 cos3x
6
i / 3cos x + 4sin x + =6
3cos x + 4sin x + 1
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j/ cos 7x cos 5x − 3 sin 2x = 1 − sin 7x sin 5x

m/ 4 ( cos4 x + sin 4 x ) + 3 sin 4x = 2
p/ cos2 x − 3 sin 2x = 1 + sin 2 x
q/ 4 sin 2x − 3 cos 2x = 3 ( 4 sin x − 1)
2
r/ tgx − sin 2x − cos2x = −4 cos x +
cos x
( 2 − 3 ) cos x − 2sin ⎛⎜⎝ x2 − π4 ⎞⎟⎠

2
s/ =1
2 cos x − 1
2. Cho phöông trình cosx + msinx = 2 (1)
a/ Giaû i phöông trình m = 3
b/ Tìm caùc giaù trò m ñeå (1) coù nghieä m (ÑS : m ≥ 3 )
m sin x − 2 m cos x − 2
= (1)
m − 2 cos x m − 2sin x
a/ Giaû i phöông trình (1) khi m = 1
b/ Khi m ≠ 0 vaø m ≠ 2 thì (1) coù bao nhieâ u nghieä m treâ n [ 20π,30 π] ?
(ÑS : 10 nghieä m )
4. Cho phöông trình
2sin x + cos x + 1
= a (1)
sin x − 2 cos x + 3
1
a/ Giaû i (1)khi a =
3
b/ Tìm a ñeå (1) coù nghieä m
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CHÖÔNGV.
PHÖÔNG TRÌNH ÑOÁI XÖÙNG THEO SINX, COSX
a ( sin x + cos x ) + b sin x cos x = c (1)
Caù c h giaû i
Ñaë t t = sin x + cos x vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
Thì t = 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
Ta coù : t 2 = 1 + 2 sin x cos x neâ n (1) thaø nh
b 2
at +
2
( )
t −1 = c
⇔ bt 2 + 2at − b − 2c = 0
Giaû i (2) tìm ñöôï c t, roà i so vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2
⎛ π⎞
giaû i phöông trình 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = t ta tìm ñöôï c x
⎝ 4⎠
Baø i 106 : Giaû i phöông trình sin x + sin2 x + cos3 x = 0 ( *)
(
(*) ⇔ sin x (1 + sin x ) + cos x 1 − sin2 x = 0 )
⇔ (1 + sin x ) = 0 hay sin x + cos x (1 − sin x ) = 0
⎡sin x = −1 (1 )
⇔⎢
⎢⎣sin x + cos x − sin x cos x = 0 ( 2 )
π
• (1) ⇔ x = − + k2π ( k ∈ Z )
2
⎛ π⎞
•Xeù t ( 2 ) : ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2 thì t 2 = 1 + 2 sin x cos x
t2 − 1
Vaäy (2) thaø n h t − =0
2
⇔ t 2 − 2t − 1 = 0
⎡t = 1 − 2
⇔⎢
⎢⎣ t = 1 + 2 ( loaï i )
⎛ π⎞
Do ñoù ( 2 ) ⇔ 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = 1 − 2
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞ 2
⇔ cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = − 1 = cos ϕ vôù i 0 < ϕ < 2π
⎝ 4⎠ 2
π 2
⇔ x− = ±ϕ + h2π, h ∈ ] , vôù i cos ϕ = −1
4 2
π 2
⇔ x = ± ϕ + h2π, h ∈ ], vôù i cos ϕ = −1
4 2
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3
Baø i 107 : Giaû i phöông trình −1 + sin 3 x + cos3 x = sin 2x ( *)
2
3
( *) ⇔ −1 + ( sin x + cos x )(1 − sin x cos x ) = sin 2x
2
⎛ π ⎞
Ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2
Thì t2 = 1 + 2sin x cos x
⎛ t2 − 1 ⎞ 3 2
Vaäy (*) thaø n h : −1 + t ⎜⎜ 1 − ⎟=
2 ⎟⎠ 2
t −1 ( )
⎝
( )
⇔ −2 + t 3 − t 2 = 3 t 2 − 1 ( )
⇔ t 3 + 3t 2 − 3t − 1 = 0
(
⇔ ( t − 1) t 2 + 4t + 1 = 0 )
⇔ t = 1 ∨ t = −2 + 3 ∨ t = −2 − 3 ( loaï i )
⎛ π⎞ 1 π
vôù i t = 1 thì sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = = sin
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4
π π π 3π
⇔ x + = = k2π ∨ x + = + k2π, k ∈ ]
4 4 4 4
π
⇔ x = k2π ∨ x = + k2π , k ∈ ]
2
⎛ π⎞ 3−2
vôù i t = 3 − 2 thì sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = = sin ϕ
⎝ 4⎠ 2
π π 3−2
⇔ x+ = ϕ + m2π ∨ x + = π − ϕ + m2π, m ∈ ], vôù i = sin ϕ
4 4 2
π 3π 3−2
⇔ x =ϕ− + m2π ∨ x = − ϕ + m2π, m ∈ ], vôù i = sin ϕ
4 4 2
Baø i 108 :Giaû i phöông trình 2 ( sin x + cos x ) = tgx + cot gx ( *)
⎧sin x ≠ 0
Ñieà u kieän ⎨ ⇔ sin 2x ≠ 0
⎩cos x ≠ 0
sin x cos x
Luù c ñoù (*) ⇔ 2 ( sin x + cos x ) = +
cos x sin x
sin2 x + cos2 x 1
⇔ 2 ( sin x + cos x ) = =
sin x cos x sin x cos x
⎛ π⎞
⎝ 4⎠
Thì t = 1 + 2 sin x cos x vôù i t ≤ 2 vaø t 2 ≠ 1
2
2
(*) thaø n h 2t =
t2 − 1
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⇔ 2t3 − 2t − 2 = 0
(Hieå n nhieân t = ±1 khoâ n g laø nghieä m )
(
⇔ t− 2 )( )
2t 2 + 2t + 2 = 0
⎡t = 2
⇔⎢ 2
⎢⎣ t + 2t + 1 = 0 ( voâ nghieä m )
⎛ π⎞
Vaäy ( *) ⇔ 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = 2
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞
⇔ sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = 1
⎝ 4⎠
π π
⇔ x + = + k2π, k ∈ ]
4 2
π
⇔ x = + k2π, k ∈ ]
4
Baø i 109 : Giaû i phöông trình 3 ( cot gx − cos x ) − 5 ( tgx − sin x ) = 2 ( *)

Vôù i ñieà u kieä n sin 2x ≠ 0 , nhaâ n 2 veá phöông trình cho sinxcosx ≠ 0 thì :
( *) ⇔ 3 cos2 x (1 − sin x ) − 5 sin2 x (1 − cos x ) = 2 sin x cos x
⇔ 3 cos2 x (1 − sin x ) − 5 sin 2 x (1 − cos x ) = 5 sin x cos x − 3 sin x cos x
⇔ 3 cos x ⎣⎡cos x (1 − sin x ) + sin x ⎤⎦ − 5 sin x ⎡⎣sin x (1 − cos x ) + cos x ⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ 3 cos x ( cos x − sin x cos x + sin x ) − 5 sin x ( sin x − sin x cos x + cos x ) = 0
⎡sin x + cos x − sin x cos x = 0 (1)
⇔⎢
⎢⎣3 cos x − 5 sin x = 0 ( 2)
( Ghi chuù : A.B + A.C = A.D ⇔ A = 0 hay B + C = D )
⎛ π⎞
Giaû i (1) Ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Thì t2 = 1 + 2sin x cos x vôù i ñieà u kieä n : t ≤ 2 vaø t ≠ ±1
t2 − 1
(1) thaø n h : t − = 0 ⇔ t 2 − 2t − 1 = 0
2
(
⎡ t = 1 + 2 loaï i do t ≤ 2
⇔⎢
)
⎢ t = 1 − 2 ( nhaä n so vôù i ñieà u kieä n )
⎣
⎛ π⎞ 1− 2
Vaäy sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = = sin α ( 0 < α < 2π )
⎝ 4⎠ 2
⎡ π ⎡ π
⎢ x + 4 = α + k2π ⎢ x = α − 4 + k2π
⇔⎢ ⇔ ⎢
⎢ x + π = π − α + k2π, k ∈ ] ⎢ x = 3π − α + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎣⎢ 4 ⎣⎢ 4
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3
( 2) ⇔ tgx = = tgβ ⇔ x = β + hπ, h ∈ ] ( vôùi 0 < β < π)
5

3 (1 + sin x ) ⎛π x⎞
3tg3 x − tgx + = 8cos2 ⎜ − ⎟ ( *)
cos x ⎝4 2⎠
2

⎡ ⎛π ⎞⎤
( ) ( )
Luùc ñoù : (*) ⇔ tgx 3tg2 x − 1 + 3 (1 + sin x ) 1 + tg2 x = 4 ⎢1 + cos ⎜ − x ⎟ ⎥
⎝2 ⎠⎦
⎣
= 4 (1 + sin x )
⇔ tgx ( 3tg2 x − 1) + (1 + sin x ) ⎡⎣3 (1 + tg2 x ) − 4 ⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ ( 3tg2 x − 1) ( tgx + 1 + sin x ) = 0

⇔ ( 3tg2 x − 1) ( sin x + cos x + sin x cos x ) = 0
⎡3tg2 x = 1 (1)
⇔⎢
⎢⎣sin x + cos x + sin x cos x = 0 ( 2)
1 3 π
•(1) ⇔ tg2 x = ⇔ tgx = ± ⇔ x = ± + kπ
3 3 6
⎛ π⎞
• Giaû i ( 2 ) ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2 vaø t ≠ ±1
Thì t 2 = 1 + 2 sin x cos x
t2 −1
(2) thaø n h : t + = 0 ⇔ t 2 + 2t − 1 = 0
2
⇔⎢
(
⎡ t = −1 − 2 loaï i do ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2 )
⎢ t = −1 + 2 ( nhaä n so vôù i ñieà u kieä n )
⎣
⎛ π⎞ 2 −1
Vaäy sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = = sin ϕ
⎝ 4⎠ 2
⎡ π ⎡ π
⎢ x + 4 = ϕ + k2π, k ∈ ] ⎢ x = ϕ − 4 + k2π, k ∈ ]
⇔⎢ ⇔⎢
⎢ x + π = π − ϕ + k2π, k ∈ ] ⎢ x = 3π − ϕ + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎣⎢ 4 ⎣⎢ 4
Baø i 111 : Giaû i phöông trình 2sin 3 x − sin x = 2 cos3 x − cos x + cos2x ( *)
(*) ⇔ 2 ( sin3 x − cos3 x ) − ( sin x − cos x ) + sin 2 x − cos2 x = 0
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⇔ sin x − cos x = 0 hay 2 (1 + sin x cos x ) − 1 + ( sin x + cos x ) = 0

⎡sin x − cos x = 0 (1)
⇔⎢
⎢⎣sin x + cos x + sin 2x + 1 = 0 ( 2 )
• (1) ⇔ tgx = 1
π
⇔x= + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
⎛ π⎞
•xeù t ( 2 ) ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos x ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n : t ≤ 2
t 2 = 1 + sin 2x
Vaä y ( 2 ) thaø nh t + ( t 2 − 1) + 1 = 0
⇔ t ( t + 1) = 0 ⇔ t = 0 ∨ t = −1
⎛ π⎞
Khi t = 0 thì cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = 0
⎝ 4⎠
π π
⇔ x − = ( 2k + 1) , k ∈ ]
4 2
3π
⇔x= + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
⎛ π⎞ 1 3π
Khi t = −1 thì cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = − = cos
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4
π 3π
⇔ x− =± + k2π, k ∈ ]
4 4
π
⇔ x = π + k2π hay x = − + k2π, k ∈ ]
2

sin x + sin 2 x + sin3 x + sin 4 x = cos x + cos2 x + cos3 x + cos4 x ( *)
Ta coù : (*)
⇔ ( sin x − cos x ) + ( sin 2 x − cos2 x ) + ( sin3 x − cos3 x ) + ( sin 4 x − cos4 x ) = 0
⇔ ( sin x − cos x ) = 0 hay 1 + ( sin x + cos x ) + (1 + sin x.cos x ) + ( sin x + cos x ) = 0
⎡sin x − cos x = 0 (1)
⇔⎢
⎢⎣2 ( sin x + cos x ) + sin x cos x + 2 = 0 ( 2 )
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ tgx = 1
π
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
⎛ π⎞
Xeù t (2) : ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
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Thì t 2 = 1 + 2sin x cos x

t2 −1
(2) thaø n h 2t + +2 = 0
2
⇔ t 2 + 4t + 3 = 0
⇔ t = −1 ∨ t = −3 ( loaï i )
⎛ π⎞ 1 3π
khi t = -1 thì cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = − = cos
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4
⎡ π 3π
⎢ x − 4 = 4 + k2π, k ∈ ]
⇔⎢
⎢ x − π = − 3π + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎢⎣ 4 4
⎡ x = π + k2π, k ∈ ]
⇔⎢
⎢ x = − π + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎣ 2
( )
Baø i 113 : Giaû i phöông trình tg2 x 1 − sin3 x + cos3 x − 1 = 0 ( *)
sin 2 x
Luù c ñoù (*) ⇔
cos2 x
(1 − sin3 x ) + cos3 x − 1 = 0
⇔ (1 − cos2 x )(1 − sin3 x ) − (1 − cos3 x )(1 − sin 2 x ) = 0
⇔ (1 − cos x )(1 − sin x ) = 0
hay (1 + cos x ) (1 + sin x + sin 2 x ) − (1 + cos x + cos2 x ) (1 + sin x ) = 0
⎡ cos x = 1( nhaä n do ñieà u kieä n )
⎢
⇔ ⎢sin x = 1( loaï i do ñieà u kieä n )
⎢ 2
⎢⎣sin x + sin x cos x − cos x − sin x cos x = 0
2 2 2
⎡ cos x = 1
⇔⎢ 2
⎣sin x − cos x + sin x cos x ( sin x − cos x ) = 0
2
⎡ cos x = 1
⇔⎢
⎣sin x − cos x = 0 hay sin x + cos x + sin x cos x = 0
⎡ cos x = 1 ∨ tgx = 1
⇔⎢
⎣sin x + cos x + sin x cos x = 0
⎡ x = k2π, k ∈ ]
⎢ π
⇔ ⎢ x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
⎢ 4
⎢sin x + cos x + sin x cos x = 0
⎣
xeù t pt sin x + cos x + sin x cos x = 0
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ñaë t
⎛
(
π⎞
t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos x ⎜ x − ⎟ ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2 vaø t ≠ ±1
⎝ 4⎠
)
⇒ t = 1 + 2 sin x cos x
2
t2 − 1
Ta ñöôï c phöông trình t + = 0 ⇔ t 2 + 2t − 1 = 0
2
⎡ t = −1 − 2 ( loaï i )
⇔⎢
⎢⎣ t = − 1 + 2 ( nhaä n so vôù i ñk )
⎛ π⎞ 2 −1
Vaäy cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = = cos ϕ
⎝ 4⎠ 2
π π
⇔ x − = ±ϕ + k2π, k ∈ ] ⇔ x = ± ϕ + k2π, k ∈ ]
4 4
Baø i 114 : Cho phöông trình m ( sin x + cos x + 1) = 1 + sin 2x ( *)

⎡ π⎤
Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieäm thuoä c ñoaï n ⎢ 0, ⎥
⎣ 2⎦
⎛ π⎞
Ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟ , ñieàu kieä n t ≤ 2
⎝ 4⎠
Thì t = 1 + sin 2x
2
Vaäy (*) thaø n h : m ( t + 1) = t 2

π π π 3π
Neá u 0 ≤ x ≤ thì ≤ x + ≤
2 4 4 4
2 ⎛ π⎞
Do ñoù ≤ sin ⎜ x + ⎟ ≤ 1
2 ⎝ 4⎠
⇔1≤ t ≤ 2
ta coù m ( t + 1) = t 2
t2
⇔m= (do t = -1 khoâ n g laø nghieä m cuû a phöông trình)
t +1
t2
Xeù t y = treâ n ⎡⎣1, 2 ⎤⎦
t +1
t 2 + 2t
Thì y ' = > 0 ∀t ∈ ⎡⎣1, 2 ⎤⎦
( t + 1)
2
Vaä y y taê n g treâ n ⎡⎣1, 2 ⎤⎦

⎡ π⎤
Vaäy (*) coù nghieäm treân ⎢1, ⎥ ⇔ y (1) ≤ m ≤ y
⎣ 2⎦
( 2)
1
⇔ ≤ m ≤ 2 2 −1
2
( )
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Baø i 115 : Cho phöông trình cos3 x + sin3 x = m sin x cos x ( *)

b/ Tìm m ñeå (*) coù nghieä m
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ ( cosx + sin x )(1 − sin x cosx ) = m sin x cosx
⎛ π⎞
Ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos x ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n ( t ≤ 2)
⎛ t2 − 1 ⎞ ⎛ t2 − 1 ⎞
Vaäy (*) thaø n h t ⎜ 1 − ⎟ = m ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⇔ t ( 3 − t 2 ) = m ( t 2 − 1)
a/ Khi m = 2 ta coù phöông trình
( )
t ( 3 − t 2 ) = 2 ( t 2 − 1)
⇔ t + 2t − 3t − 2 = 0
3 2
( )(
⇔ t − 2 t 2 + 2 2t + 1 = 0 )
⇔ t = 2 hay t = − 2 + 1 hay t = − 2 − 1( loaï i )
⎛ π⎞ π π
Vaäy • cos x ⎜ x − ⎟ = 1 ⇔ x − = k2π, k ∈ ] ⇔ x = + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎝ 4⎠ 4 4
⎛ π ⎞ 1− 2
• cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = = cos α
⎝ 4⎠ 2
π π
⇔ x − = ±α + k2π, k ∈ ] ⇔ x = ± α + k2π, k ∈ ]
4 4
b/ Xeù t phöông trình t ( 3 − t ) = k ( t − 1) ( **)
2 2
Do t = ±1 khoâ n g laø nghieäm cuû a (**) neâ n

3t − t 3
(**) ⇔ m = 2
t −1
3t − t 3
Xeù t y = 2 ( C ) treân ⎡⎣− 2, 2 ⎤⎦ \ {±1}
t −1
−t 4 − 3
Ta coù y ' = < 0∀t = ±1
( t − 1)
2
2
suy ra y giaû m treâ n ( −1,1 ) vaø

lim y = + ∞ , lim− y = − ∞
x → − 1+ x→ 1
Do ñoù treâ n ( − 1,1 ) ⊂ ⎡⎣ − 2, 2 ⎤⎦ \ {±1} ta coù

3t − t 3
(d) y = m caé t (C) y = 2 vôù i ∀m ∈ R
t −1
Vaäy (*) coù nghieäm ∀m ∈ R
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1⎛ 1 1 ⎞
m ( sin x + cos x ) + 1 + ⎜ tgx + cot gx + + = 0 ( *)
2⎝ sin x cos x ⎟⎠
1
2
⎛ π⎞
b/ Tìm m ñeå (*) coù nghieä m treâ n ⎜ 0, ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
Vôù i ñ ieà u kieä n sin 2x ≠ 0 ta coù
1 ⎛ sin x cos x 1 1 ⎞
(*) ⇔ m ( sin x + cos x ) + 1 + ⎜ + + + =0
2 ⎝ cos x sin x sin x cos x ⎟⎠
⇔ m sin 2x ( sin x + cos x ) + sin 2x + (1 + cos x + sin x ) = 0
⇔ m sin 2x ( sin x + cos x ) + sin 2x + 1 + cos x + sin x = 0
⇔ m sin 2x ( sin x + cos x ) + ( sin x + cos x ) + sin x + cos x = 0
2
⎡sin x + cos x = 0 (1)

⇔⎢
⎢⎣ m sin 2x + sin x + cos x + 1 = 0 ( 2 )
⎛ π⎞
Xeù t (2) ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Thì t = 1 + sin 2x
2
Do sin 2x ≠ 0 neâ n t ≤ 2 vaø t = ±1

⎡t = 0
Vaäy (*) thaø n h : ⎢
⎢⎣ m ( t − 1) + t + 1 = 0
2
⎡ t = 0 ( nhaä n so ñieà u kieä n )

⇔⎢
⎢⎣ m ( t − 1) + 1 = 0 ( do t ≠ −1)
1
a/ Khi m = thì ta ñöôï c :
2
⎡t = 0
⎢
⎢⎣ t = − 1( loaï i do ñieà u kieä n )
Vaäy sinx + cosx = 0
⇔ tgx = −1
π
⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
π π π π
b/ Ta coù : 0 < x < ⇔ − < x − <
2 4 4 4
Luùc ñoù
2 ⎛ π⎞
< cos ⎜ x − ⎟ ≤ 1 ⇒ 1 < t ≤ 2
2 ⎝ 4⎠
(
Do t = 0 ∉ 1, 2 ⎤⎦
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Neâ n ta xeù t phöông trình : m ( t − 1) + 1 = 0 ( **)

(**) ⇔ mt = m − 1
1
⇔ t = 1− (do m = 0 thì (**) voâ nghieäm )
m
1
Do ñoù : yeâu caà u baø i toaù n ⇔ 1 < 1 − ≤ 2
m
⎧ 1 ⎧m < 0
⎪⎪− m > 0 ⎪
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨ 1
⎪1 − 2 ≤ 1 ⎪m ≤ 1 − 2 = − 2 − 1
⎪⎩ m ⎩
⇔ m ≤ − 2 −1
Baø i 117 : Cho f ( x ) = cos2 2x + 2 ( sin x + cosx ) − 3sin 2x + m

3
a/ Giaû i phöông trình f(x) = 0 khi m = -3

b/ Tính theo m giaù trò lôù n nhaát vaø giaù trò nhoû nhaá t cuûa f(x)
2
Tìm m cho ⎡⎣ f ( x ) ⎤⎦ ≤ 36 ∀x ∈ R
⎛ π⎞
(
Ñaë t t = sin x + cos x = 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟ ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2
⎝ 4⎠
)
Thì t = 1 + sin 2x
2
Vaø cos2 2x = 1 − sin 2 2x = 1 − ( t 2 − 1) = − t 4 + 2t 2

2
Vaäy f ( x ) thaø nh g ( t ) = − t 4 + 2t 2 + 2t 3 − 3 ( t 2 − 1) + m
a/ Khi m = -3 thì g(t) = 0
(
⇔ −t 2 t 2 − 2t + 1 = 0)
⇔ t = 0∨ t =1
vaä y khi m = -3 thì f(x) = 0
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ 1
⇔ cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = 0 hay cos ⎜ x − ⎟ =
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ 2
π π π π
⇔ x − = ( 2k + 1) hay x − = ± + k2π, k ∈ ]
4 2 4 4
3π π
⇔x= + kπ hay x = + k2π ∨ x = k2π, k ∈ ]
4 2
b/ Ta coù g ' ( t ) = −4t + 6t − 2t = −2t ( 2t 2 − 3t + 1)
3 2
⎧g' ( t ) = 0 1
⎪
Vaäy ⎨ ⇔ t = 0 ∨ t = 1∨ t =
⎪⎩t ∈ ⎡⎣ − 2, 2 ⎤⎦ 2
⎛ 1 ⎞ 47
Ta coù : g ( 0 ) = 3 + m = g (1) , g⎜ ⎟ = +m
⎝ 2 ⎠ 16
g ( 2) = 4 2 − 3 + m, g ( 2) = m −3− 4 2
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Vaäy : Maxf ( x ) = Max g ( t ) = m + 3

x∈ \ t∈ ⎡⎣ − 2 , 2 ⎤⎦
Minf ( x ) = Min g ( t ) = m − 3 − 4 2
x∈ R t ∈ ⎡⎣ − 2 , 2 ⎤⎦
2
Do ñoù : ⎡⎣ f ( x ) ⎤⎦ ≤ 36, ∀x ∈ R ⇔ −6 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 6, ∀x ∈ R
⎧Max f ( x ) ≤ 6
⎪
⇔⎨ R
⎪⎩Min f (x) ≥ − 6
R
⎧⎪m + 3 ≤ 6
⇔⎨
⎪⎩m − 3 − 4 2 ≥ −6
⇔ 4 2 −3≤ m ≤ 3
( )
2
Caù c h khaù c : Ta coù g ( t ) = − t 2 t 2 − 2t + 1 + 3 + m = − ⎣⎡ t ( t − 1) ⎦⎤ + 3 + m
Ñaë t u = t 2 − t
⎡ 1 ⎤
Khi t ∈ ⎡ − 2, 2 ⎤ thì u ∈ ⎢ − ,2 + 2 ⎥ = D
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ 4 ⎦
Vaäy g ( t ) = h ( u ) = − u + 3 + m
2
Max f ( x ) = Max g ( t ) = Max h ( u ) = m + 3

R t ∈ ⎡⎣ − 2 , 2 ⎤⎦ u∈D
Min f ( x ) = Min g ( t ) = Min h ( u ) = m − 3 − 4 2

R t ∈ ⎣⎡ − 2 , 2 ⎦⎤ u∈D
Chuù yù 1 : Phöông trình giaû ñoá i xöù n g

a ( sin x − cos x ) + b ( sin x cos x ) = 0
ñaë t t = sinx – cosx
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
thì t = 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = − 2 cos ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2 thì t = 1 − 2sin x cos x
2
Baø i 118 : Giaû i phöông trình 2sin x + cot gx = 2sin 2x + 1 ( *)

Ñieà u kieän : sin x ≠ 0 ⇔ cos x = ±1
cos x
Luù c ñoù (*) ⇔ 2 sin x + = 4 sin x cos x + 1
sin x
⇔ 2 sin2 x + cos x = 4 sin2 x cos x + sin x
⇔ 2 sin2 x − sin x − cos x 4 sin2 x − 1 = 0 ( )
⇔ sin x ( 2 sin x − 1) − cos x ( 2 sin x − 1) ( 2 sin x + 1) = 0
⇔ 2 sin x − 1 = 0 hay sin x − cos x ( 2 sin x + 1) = 0
⎡2 sin x − 1 = 0 (1 )
⇔⎢
⎢⎣sin x − cos x − sin 2x = 0 ( 2)
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1
• Ta coù (1) ⇔ sin x = ( nhaän do sin x ≠ 0)
2
π 5π
⇔x= + k2π ∨ x = + k2π, k ∈ ]
6 6
⎛ π⎞
• Xeù t ( 2 ) Ñaë t t = sin x − cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2 vaø t ≠ ± 1
Thì t2 = 1 − sin 2x
( )
Vaäy (2) thaø n h : t − 1 − t 2 = 0
⇔ t2 + t − 1 = 0
−1 + 5 −1 − 5
⇔t= ∨t= ( loaïi )
2 2
π ⎞ −1 + 5
⎛
Do ñoù : 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟ =
⎝ 4⎠ 2
(
nhaä n do t ≤ 2 vaø t ≠ ±1 )
⎛ π⎞ 5 −1
⇔ sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = = sin ϕ
⎝ 4⎠ 2 2
⎡ π
⎢ x − 4 = ϕ + k2π, k ∈ ]
⇔⎢
⎢ x − π = π − ϕ + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎢⎣ 4
⎡ π
⎢ x = ϕ + 4 + k2π, k ∈ ]
⇔⎢
⎢ x = 5π − ϕ + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎢⎣ 4

cos 2x + 5 = 2 ( 2 − cos x )( sin x − cos x )( *)
( )
Ta coù : ( *) ⇔ cos2 x − sin2 x + 5 = 2 ( 2 − cos x )( sin x − cos x )
⇔ ( sin x − cos x ) ⎡⎣2 ( 2 − cos x ) + ( sin x + cos x ) ⎤⎦ − 5 = 0
⇔ ( sin x − cos x ) [sin x − cos x + 4] − 5 = 0
⎛ π⎞
Ñaë t t = sin x − cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
(*) thaø n h : t ( t + 4 ) − 5 = 0
⇔ t 2 + 4t − 5 = 0
⇔ t = 1 ∨ t = −5 ( loaï i )
⎛ π⎞ 1 π
Vaäy ( *) ⇔ sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = = sin
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4
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π π π 3π
⇔ x− = + k2π ∨ x − = + k2π, k ∈ ]
4 4 4 4
π
⇔ x = + k2π ∨ x = π + k2π, k ∈ ]
2
Baø i 120 : Giaû i phöông trình cos3 x + sin 3 x = cos 2x ( *)

Ta coù (*) ⇔ ( cos x + sin x )(1 − sin x cos x ) = cos2 x − sin2 x
⇔ cos x + sin x = 0 hay 1 − sin x cos x = cosx − sin x
⎡sin x + cos x = 0 (1 )
⇔⎢
⎢⎣sin x − cos x − sin x cos x + 1 = 0 ( 2)
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ tgx = −1
π
⇔x=− + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
⎛ π⎞
Xeù t (2) ñaë t t = sin x − cos x = 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Thì t2 = 1 − 2sin x cos x
1 − t2
(2) thaø n h t − + 1 = 0 ⇔ t 2 + 2t + 1 = 0
2
⇔ t = −1
⎛ π⎞ 1 ⎛ π⎞
vaä y (2) ⇔ sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = − = sin ⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ 2 ⎝ 4⎠
⎡ π π
⎢ x − 4 = − 4 + k2π, k ∈ ] ⎡ x = k2π, k ∈ ]
⇔⎢ ⇔⎢
⎢ x − π = 5π + k2π, k ∈ ] ⎢ x = 3π + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎢⎣ ⎣ 2
4 4
Baø i 121 : Cho phöông trình cos3 x − sin 3 x = m (1 )

a/ Giaû i phöông trình (1) khi m = 1 baè n g caùch ñaë t aå n phuï t = cos x − sin x
⎡ π π⎤
b/ Tìm m sao cho (1) coù ñuù n g hai nghieä m x ∈ ⎢ − , ⎥
⎣ 4 4⎦
Ta coù (1) ⇔ ( cos x − sin x )(1 + sin x cos x ) = m
⎛ π⎞
Ñaë t t = cos x − sin x = 2 cos ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Thì t2 = 1 − 2sin x cos x
⎛ 1 − t2 ⎞
Vaäy (1) thaø n h : t ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟=m
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
( )
⇔ t 3 − t 2 = 2m ( 2)
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a/ Khi m = 1 thì (2) thaø n h t3 − 3t + 2 = 0

( )
⇔ ( t − 1) t 2 + t − 2 = 0
⇔ t = 1 ∨ t = −2 ( loaï i )
⎛ π⎞ 2 π π
Vaäy cos ⎜ x + ⎟ = ⇔ x + = ± + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4 4
π
⇔ x = k2π ∨ x = − + k2π, k ∈ ]
2
⎡ π π ⎤ π π
b/ Neá u x ∈ ⎢ − , ⎥ thì 0 ≤ x + ≤
⎣ 4 4⎦ 4 2
⎛ π⎞
neâ n 0 ≤ cos ⎜ x + ⎟ ≤ 1
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞
⇔ 0 ≤ t = 2 cos ⎜ x + ⎟ ≤ 2
⎝ 4⎠
nhaä n xeù t raè n g vôù i moã i t tìm ñöôï c treâ n ⎡⎣0, 2 ⎤⎦
⎡ π π⎤
ta tìm duy nhaá t moä t x ∈ ⎢ − , ⎥
⎣ 4 4⎦
xeù t f ( t ) = − t + 3t treâ n ⎡⎣0, 2 ⎤⎦
3
⇒ f ' ( t ) = −3t 2 + 3
⎡ π π⎤
vaä y (1) coù ñuù n g hai nghieä m x ∈ ⎢ − , ⎥
⎣ 4 4⎦
⇔ ( d ) y = 2m caé t ( C ) y = −t 3 + 3t treâ n ⎡⎣0, 2 ⎤⎦ taï i 2 ñieå m phaân bieä t
⇔ 2 ≤ 2m < 2
2
⇔ ≤m<1
2

2 cos 2x + sin2 x cos x + sin x cos2 x = m ( sin x + cos x )( *)
⎡ π⎤
b/ Tìm m ñeå phöông trình (*) coù ít nhaá t moä t nghieäm treân ⎢ 0, ⎥
⎣ 2⎦
Ta coù :
( *) ⇔ 2 ( cos2 x − sin2 x ) + sin x cos x ( sin x + cos x ) = m ( sin x + cos x )
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⇔ cos x + sin x = 0 (1 ) hay 2 ( cos x − sin x ) + sin x cos x = m ( 2 )

⎛ π⎞
Ñaë t t = cos x − sin x = 2 cos ⎜ x + ⎟ (ñieà u kieä n t ≤ 2 )
⎝ 4⎠
Thì t = 1 − 2 sin x cos x
2
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ sin x = − cos x

π
⇔ tgx = −1 ⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
1 − t2
Ta coù : (2) thaø nh 2t + =m
2
⇔ −t 2 + 4t + 1 = 2m ( * *)
a/ Khi m = 2 thì (**) thaø n h t 2 − 4t + 3 = 0
⇔ t = 1 ∨ t = 3 ( loaï i )
⎛ π⎞ 2 π π
vaä y cos ⎜ x + ⎟ = ⇔ x + = ± + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎝ 4⎠ 2 4 4
π
⇔ x = k2π ∨ x = − + kπ, k ∈ ]
2
Do ñoù :
π π
( *) ⇔ x = − + kπ ∨ x = k2π ∨ x = − + k2π, k ∈ ]
4 2
⎡ π⎤ π ⎡ π 3π ⎤
b/ Ta coù x ∈ ⎢0, ⎥ ⇔ x + ∈ ⎢ , ⎥
⎣ 2⎦ 4 ⎣4 4 ⎦
2 ⎛ π⎞ 2
vaä y − ≤ cos ⎜ x + ⎟ ≤
2 ⎝ 4⎠ 2
⇒ −1 ≤ t ≤ 1
π ⎡ π⎤
Do nghieä m x = − + kπ ∉ ⎢0, ⎥ , ∀ k ∈ ]
4 ⎣ 2⎦
Neâ n yeâu caà u baø i toaù n ⇔ ( * *) coù nghieä m treâ n [ −1,1]
Xeù t y = −t 2 + 4t + 1 thì y ' = −2t + 4 > 0 ∀t ∈ [ −1,1]
⇒ y taê ng treâ n [ −1,1]
Do ñoù : yeâu caà u baø i toaù n
⇔ −4 = y ( −1) ≤ 2m ≤ y (1) = 4
⇔ −2 ≤ m ≤ 2
* Chuù yù 2 : Phöông trình löôï n g giaù c daï n g
( )
a ( tgx ± cot gx ) + b tg 2 x + cot g 2 x = 0
ta ñaë t t = tgx ± cot gx thì t 2 = tg 2 x + cot g 2 x ± 2
2
khi t = tgx + cot gx = thì t ≥ 2 ( do sin 2x ≤ 1)
sin 2x

3tg 2 x + 4tgx + 4 cot gx + 3cot g 2 x + 2 = 0 ( *)
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2
Ñaë t t = tgx + cot gx =
sin 2x
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n t ≥ 2
Thì t 2 = tg 2 x + cot g 2 x + 2
(*) thaø n h : 3 ( t 2 − 2 ) + 4t + 2 = 0
⇔ 3t 2 + 4t − 4 = 0
⎡ 2
⎢ t = ( loaï i do ñieà u kieä n )
⇔ 3
⎢
⎣ t = −2
2
Ta coù : t = −2 ⇔ = −2 ⇔ sin 2x = −1
2 sin x
π
⇔ 2x = − + k2π, k ∈ ]
2
π
⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
tgx + tg 2 x + tg 3 x + cotgx + cotg 2 x + cotg 3 x = 6 ( *)
Ta coù (*) ⇔ ( tgx + cot gx ) + ( tg 2 x + cot g 2 x ) + ( tg 3 x + cot g 3 x ) = 6
2
(
⇔ ( tgx + cot gx ) + ( tgx + cot gx ) − 2 + ( tgx + cot gx ) tg 2 x + cot g 2 x − 1 = 6 )
2 2
⇔ ( tgx + cot gx ) + ( tgx + cot gx ) + ( tgx + cot gx ) ⎡( tgx + cot gx ) − 3⎤ = 8
⎣ ⎦
2
sin 2x
( ñieàu kieän t ≥ 2)
( )
Vaäy (*) thaø n h : t + t 2 + t t 2 − 3 = 8
⇔ t 3 + t 2 − 2t − 8 = 0
⎡t = 2
( )
⇔ ( t − 2 ) t 2 + 3t + 4 = 0 ⇔ ⎢ 2
⎣ t + 3t + 4 = 0 ( voâ nghieä m )
⇔t=2
2
Vaäy = 2 ⇔ sin 2x = 1
sin 2x
π
⇔ 2x = + k2π, k ∈ ]
2
π
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
4

2
+ 2tg 2 x + 5tgx + 5 cot gx + 4 = 0 ( *)
sin 2 x
Caùc h 1 : (*) ⇔ 2 (1 + cot g 2 x ) + 2tg 2 x + 5 ( tgx + cot gx ) + 4 = 0
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( )
⇔ 2 tg 2 x + cot g 2 x + 5 ( tgx + cot gx ) + 6 = 0
2
⇔ 2 ⎡( tgx + cot gx ) − 2⎤ + 5 ( tgx + cot gx ) + 6 = 0
⎣ ⎦
2
Ñaë t t = tgx + cot gx = , vôù i t ≥ 2
sin 2x
Ta ñöôï c phöông trình : 2t 2 + 5t + 2 = 0
1
⇔ t = −2 ∨ t = − ( loaï i )
2
2
Vaäy ( *) ⇔ = −2 ⇔ sin 2x = −1
sin 2x
π
⇔ 2x = − + k2π, k ∈ ]
2
π
⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
Caù c h 2 : Ñaë t u = tgx (vôù i ñieà u kieä n u ≠ 0 )
2 5
Vaäy (*) thaø n h : 2 + + 2u 2 + 5u + + 4 = 0
u 2
u
⇔ 2 + 2u 4 + 5u 3 + 5u + 6u 2 = 0
(
⇔ ( u + 1) 2u 3 + 3u 2 + 3u + 2 = 0 )
⇔ ( u + 1)
2
( 2u 2
)
+u+2 =0
⎡u = −1 ( nhaä n )
⇔⎢ 2
⎢⎣2u + u + 2 = 0 ( voâ nghieä m )
Vaäy (*) ⇔ tgx = -1
π
⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈ ]
4

1
+ cot g 2 x + m ( tgx + cot gx ) + 2 = 0 (1 )
cos2 x
5
2
b/ Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieä m
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ tg 2 x + cot g 2 x + m ( tgx + cot gx ) + 3 = 0
2
sin 2x
( ñieàu kieän t ≥ 2)
⇒ t 2 = tg 2 x + cot g 2 x + 2
Vaäy (1) thaø n h : t 2 + mt + 1 = 0 ( 2)
5
a/ Khi m = ta ñöôï c phöông trình 2t 2 + 5t + 2 = 0
2
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1
⇔ t = −2 ∨ t = − ( loaïi )
2
2
Do ñoù = −2 ⇔ sin 2x = −1
sin 2x
π
⇔ 2x = − + k2π, k ∈ ]
2
π
⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
b/ Caù ch 1 :
Ta coù : (2) ⇔ mt = −1 − t 2
1
⇔ m = − − t (do t = 0 khoâ n g laø nghieä m cuûa (2))
t
1
Xeù t y = − − t vôù i t ≥ 2
t
1 1 − t2
Thì y ' = 2 − 1 =
t t2
Ta coù : y ' = 0 ⇔ t = ±1
Do ñoù (1) coù nghieä m ⇔ (d) caé t ( C ) treâ n ( −∞, −2] U [ 2, +∞ )

5 5
⇔m≤− ∨m≥
2 2
5
⇔ m ≥
2
Caù c h 2 : Yeâ u caà u baø i toaù n
⇔ f ( t ) = t 2 + mt + 1 = 0 coù nghieä m t thoûa t ≥ 2
Nhaä n xeù t raè n g do P = 1 neâ n neá u f(t) coù hai nghieäm t1 , t 2 ( vôù i t1 ≤ t2 ) vaø
⎧⎪ t1 ≤ 1 ⎧⎪ t1 ≥ 1
coù nghieä m thì ta coù ⎨ ∨⎨
⎪⎩ t 2 ≥ 1 ⎪⎩ t 2 ≤ 1
Do ñoù :
Yeâ u caà u baø i toaù n ⇔ t1 ≤ −2 < t1 < 2 ∨ −2 < t1 < 2 ≤ t 2
⎪⎧1f ( −2) ≤ 0 ⎪⎧1f ( 2 ) ≤ 0 ⎧−2m + 5 ≤ 0 ⎧−2m + 5 > 0
⇔⎨ ∨⎨ ⇔⎨ ∨⎨
⎩⎪1f ( 2 ) > 0 ⎩⎪1f ( −2 ) > 0 ⎩ 2m + 5 > 0 ⎩2m + 5 ≤ 0
5 5
⇔m≥ ∨m≤−
2 2
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BAØI TAÄP
1. Giaû i caùc phöông trình :
a/ 1 + cos3 x − sin 3 x = sin x
b/ cos3 x + cos2 x + 2 sin x − 2 = 0
c/ cos 2x + 5 = 2 ( 2 − cos x )( sin x − cos x )
d/ cot gx − tgx = sin x + cos x
e/ sin 3 x − cos3 x = sin x − cos x
f/ 1 + tgx = sin x + cos x
⎛ π⎞
g/ sin 2x + 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = 1
⎝ 4⎠
k/ sin 2x − 12 ( sin x − cos x ) + 12 = 0
sin x + cos x
l/ =1
sin 2x + 1
1 − cos 2x 1 − cos3 x
m/ =
1 + cos 2x 1 − sin3 x
n/ 5 ( sin x + cos x ) + sin 3x − cos 3x = 2 2 ( 2 + sin 2x )
o/ 1 + sin x + cos x + sin 2x + 2 cos 2x = 0
p/ sin 2 x cos x − cos 2x + sin x = cos2 x sin x + cos x
r/ cos 2x + 5 = 2 ( 2 − cos x )( sin x − cos x )
s/ cos2 x + sin 3 x + cos x = 0
t/ 4 sin3 x − 1 = 3sin x − 3 cos 3x
2. Cho phöông trình sin 2x ( sin x + cos x ) = m (1)
a/ Chöù n g minh neá u m > 2 thì (1) voâ nghieä m
b/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m = 2
3. Cho phöông trình sin 2x + 4 ( cos x − sin x ) = m
b/ Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieä m
4. Cho phöông trình : sin x cos x − m ( sin x + cos x ) + 1 = 0
b/ Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieä m ( ÑS : m ≥ 1)
3
5. Cho phöông trình + 3tg 2 x = m ( tgx + cot gx ) = 1
sin x
2
Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieäm ( ÑS : m ≥ 4 )
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CHÖÔNG VI.
PHÖÔNG TRÌNH ÑAÚNG CAÁP
a sin2 u + b sin u cos u + c cos2 u = d
Caù c h giaû i :
π
• Tìm nghieä m u = + kπ ( luù c ñoù cos u = 0 vaø sin u = ±1)
2
• Chia hai veá phöông trình cho cos2 u ≠ 0 ta ñöôï c phöông trình :
(
atg 2u + btgu + c = d 1 + tg 2u )
Ñaë t t = tgu ta coù phöông trình :
( a − d ) t 2 + bt + c − d = 0
Giaû i phöông trình tìm ñöôïc t = tgu

cos2 x − 3 sin 2x = 1 + sin2 x ( *)
Vì cosx = 0 khoân g laø nghieä m neân
Chia hai veá cuû a (*) cho cos2 ≠ 0 ta ñöôïc
( )
( *) ⇔ 1 − 2 3tgx = 1 + tg 2 x + tg 2 x
Ñaë t t = tgx ta coù phöông trình :
2t 2 + 2 3t = 0
⇔ t = 0∨ t = − 3
π
Vaäy ( * ) ⇔ tgx = 0 hay tgx = − 3 ⇔ x = kπ hay x = − + kπ, k ∈ ]
3

cos3 x − 4 sin 3 x − 3 cos x sin 2 x + sin x = 0 ( *)
π
• Khi x = + kπ thì cos x = 0 vaø sin x = ±1
2
thì (*) voâ nghieä m
• Do cos x = 0 khoâ n g laø nghieä m neâ n chia hai veá cuûa (*) cho cos 3 x
ta coù (*) ⇔ 1 − 4tg 3 x − 3tg 2 x + tgx (1 + tg 2 x ) = 0
⇔ 3tg 3 x + 3tg 2 x − tgx − 1 = 0
(
⇔ ( tgx + 1) 3tg 2 x − 1 = 0)
3
⇔ tgx = −1 ∨ tgx = ±
3
π π
⇔ x = − + kπ ∨ x = ± + kπ, k ∈ ]
4 6

3 cos4 x − 4 sin 2 x cos2 x + sin 4 x = 0 ( * )
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Do cosx = 0 khoâ n g laø nghieäm neân chia hai veá cuûa (*) cho cos4 x ≠ 0
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ 3 − 4tg 2 x + tg 4 x = 0
⇔ tg 2 x = 1 ∨ tg 2 x = 3
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
⇔ tgx = ±1 = tg ⎜ ± ⎟ ∨ tgx = tg ⎜ ± ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
π π
⇔ x = ± + kπ ∨ x = ± + kπ, k ∈ ]
4 3
Baø i 130 : Giaû i phöông trình sin 2x + 2tgx = 3 ( * )

Chia hai veá cuû a (*) cho cos2 x ≠ 0 ta ñöôïc
2 sin x cos x 2tgx 3
(*) ⇔ 2
+ =
cos x cos x cos2 x
2
( )
⇔ 2tgx + 2tgx 1 + tg 2 x = 3 1 + tg 2 x ( )
⎧t = tgx
⇔⎨ 3 2
⎩2t − 3t + 4t − 3 = 0
⎧⎪t = tgx
⇔⎨
(
⎪⎩( t − 1) 2t − t + 3 = 0
2
)
⇔ tgx = 1
π
⇔x= + kπ, k ∈ ]
4

sin x sin 2x + sin 3x = 6 cos3 x ( * )
( *) ⇔ 2 sin2 x cos x + 3sin x − 4 sin3 x = 6 cos3 x
• Khi cos x = 0 ( sin x = ± 1 ) thì ( * ) voâ nghieä m
• Chia hai veá phöông trình (*) cho cos3 x ≠ 0 ta ñöôïc
2sin2 x 3sin x 1 sin3 x
( *) ⇔ + . − 4 =6
cos2 x cos x cos2 x cos3 x
( )
⇔ 2tg 2 x + 3tgx 1 + tg 2 x − 4tg 3 x = 6
⇔ tg 3 x − 2tg 2 x − 3tgx + 6 = 0
(
⇔ ( tgx − 2 ) tg 2 x − 3 = 0)
⇔ tgx = 2 = tgα ∨ tgx = ± 3
π
⇔ x = α + kπ ∨ x = ± + kπ, k ∈ ] ( vôù i tgα = 2)
3
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Baø i 132 : (Ñeà thi tuyeån sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i A, naê m 2003)
cos 2x 1
cot gx − 1 = + sin2 x − sin 2x ( *)
1 + tgx 2
Ñieà u kieän sin 2x ≠ 0 vaø tgx ≠ −1
Ta coù :
cos 2x cos2 x − sin2 x cos x cos x − sin x
= =
2
( 2
)
1 + tgx sin x cos x + sin x
1+
cos x
= cos x ( cos x − sin x ) ( do tgx = −1 neâ n, sin x + cos x ≠ 0 )
cos x 1
Do ñoù : ( *) ⇔
sin x
( )
− 1 = cos2 x − sin x cos x + sin2 x − sin 2x
2
cos x − sin x
⇔ = 1 − sin 2x
sin x
2
⇔ ( cos x − sin x ) = sin x ( cos x − sin x )
⇔ cos x − sin x = 0 hay 1 = sin x ( cos x − sin x ) (**)
⎡ tgx = 1 ( nhaä n so vôù i tgx ≠ −1)
⇔⎢ 1 sin x
⎢ = − tg 2 x ( do cos x ≠ 0 )
⎢⎣ cos x cos x
2
⎡ π
⎢ x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
⇔ 4
⎢
⎢⎣2tg x − tgx + 1 = 0 ( voâ nghieä m )
2
π
⇔x= + kπ, k ∈ ] ( nhaä n do sin 2x ≠ 0 )
4
Löu yù : coù theå laø m caùc h khaùc
1 1
( * *) ⇔ 1 − sin 2x + (1 − cos 2x ) =0
2 2
⇔ 3 = sin 2x + cos 2x
⎛ π⎞
⇔ 3 = 2 sin ⎜ 2x + ⎟ : voâ nghieä m
⎝ 4⎠
Baø i 133 : Giaû i phöông trình sin 3x + cos 3x + 2 cos x = 0 ( * )
( *) ⇔ ( 3sin x − 4 sin 3 x ) + ( 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x ) + 2 cos x = 0
⇔ 3sin x − 4 sin3 x + 4 cos3 x − cos x = 0
Vì cosx = 0 khoân g laø nghieä m neâ n chia hai veá phöông trình cho
cos3 x ≠ 0 ta ñöôïc
( *) ⇔ 3tgx (1 + tg 2 x ) − 4tg 3 x + 4 − (1 + tg 2 x ) = 0
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⇔ − tg 3 x − tg 2 x + 3tgx + 3 = 0
⎧ t = tgx
⇔⎨ 3 2
⎩ t + t − 3t − 3 = 0
⎪⎧ t = tgx
⇔⎨
( )
⎪⎩( t + 1) t − 3 = 0
2
⇔ tgx = −1 ∨ tgx = ± 3
π π
⇔ x = − + kπ ∨ x = ± + kπ, k ∈ ]
4 3
5sin 4x.cos x
Baø i 134 : Giaû i phöông trình 6sin x − 2 cos3 x = ( *)
2 cos 2x
Ñieà u kieän : cos 2x ≠ 0 ⇔ cos2 x − sin2 x ≠ 0 ⇔ tgx ≠ ±1

⎧ 10 sin 2x cos 2x cos x
⎪6 sin x − 2 cos x =
3
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ ⎨ 2 cos 2x
⎪⎩cos 2x ≠ 0
⎧6 sin x − 2 cos3 x = 5 sin 2x cos x
⇔⎨
⎩ tgx ≠ ±1
⎧⎪6 sin x − 2 cos3 x = 10 sin x cos2 x ( * *)
⇔⎨
⎪⎩tgx ≠ ±1
Do cosx = 0 khoâ n g laø nghieäm cuûa (**), chia hai veá phöông trình (**) cho
cos3 x ta ñöôïc
⎧ 6tgx
− 2 = 10tgx
( * *) ⇔ ⎪⎨ cos2 x
⎪⎩tgx ≠ ±1
⎧⎪t = tgx vôù i t ≠ ±1
⇔⎨
( 2
)
⎪⎩6t 1 + t − 2 = 10t
⎧ t = tgx vôù i t ≠ ±1 ⎧t = tgx vôù i t ≠ ±1
⇔⎨ 3 ⇔⎨
⎩3t − 2t − 1 = 0 ⎩(t − 1) (3t + 3t + 1) = 0
2
⎧ t = tgx vôù i t ≠ ±1
⇔⎨ : voâ nghieä m
⎩t = 1
Baø i 135 : Giaû i phöông trình sin x − 4 sin 3 x + cos x = 0 ( * )
• Vì cosx = 0 khoâ n g laø nghieäm neân chia hai veá phöông trình cho cos3 x thì
( *) ⇔ tgx (1 + tg 2 x ) − 4tg 3 x + 1 + tg 2 x = 0
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⎧t = tgx
⇔⎨ 3 2
⎩−3t + t + t + 1 = 0
⎧⎪t = tgx
⇔⎨
(
⎪⎩( t − 1) 3t + 2t + 1 = 0
2
)
⇔ tgx = 1
π
⇔x= + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
Baø i 136 : Giaû i phöông trình tgx sin 2 x − 2 sin 2 x = 3 ( cos 2x + sin x cos x ) ( * )
Chia hai veá cuû a phöông trình (*) cho cos2 x
( *) ⇔ tg x − 2tg x =
3 2 (
3 cos2 x − sin 2 x + sin x cos x )
cos2 x
⇔ tg 3 x − 2tg 2 x = 3 (1 − tg 2 x + tgx )
⇔ tg 3 x + tg 2 x − 3tgx − 3 = 0
⎧ t = tgx
⇔⎨ 3 2
⎩ t + t − 3t − 3 = 0
⎧⎪ t = tgx
⇔⎨
(
⎪⎩( t + 1) t − 3 = 0
2
)
⇔ tgx = −1 ∨ tgx = ± 3
π π
⇔x=− + kπ ∨ x = ± + kπ, k ∈ ]
4 3

( 4 − 6m ) sin 3 x + 3 ( 2m − 1) sin x + 2 ( m − 2 ) sin 2 x cos x − ( 4m − 3) cos x = 0 ( *)
⎡ π⎤
b/ Tìm m ñeå phöông trình (*) coù duy nhaá t moä t nghieä m treâ n ⎢ 0, ⎥
⎣ 4⎦
π
Khi x = + kπ thì cosx = 0 vaø sin x = ±1 neâ n
2
(*) thaø n h : ± ( 4 − 6m ) ± 3 ( 2m − 1) = 0
⇔ 1 = 0 voâ nghieä m
chia hai veà (*) cho cos x ≠ 0 thì
3
( *) ⇔ ( 4 − 6m ) tg 3 x + 3 ( 2m − 1) tgx (1 + tg 2 x ) + 2 ( m − 2 ) tg 2 x − ( 4m − 3) (1 + tg 2 x ) = 0
⎧⎪t = tgx
⇔⎨ 3
⎪⎩t − ( 2m + 1) t + 3 ( 2m − 1) t − 4m + 3 = 0 ( * *)
2
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⎧⎪t = tgx
⇔⎨
(
⎪⎩( t − 1) t − 2mt + 4m − 3 = 0
2
)
⎧⎪t = tgx
a/ Khi m = 2 thì (*) thaø n h ⎨
(
⎪⎩( t − 1) t − 4t + 5 = 0
2
)
π
⇔ tgx = 1 ⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
4
⎡ π⎤
b/ Ta coù : x ∈ ⎢ 0, ⎥ thì tgx = t ∈ [ 0,1]
⎣ 4⎦
Xeù t phöông trình : t 2 − 2mt + 4m − 3 = 0 ( 2 )
⇔ t 2 − 3 = 2m ( t − 2 )
t2 − 3
⇔ = 2m (do t = 2 khoâ n g laø nghieä m )
t−2
t2 − 3
Ñaë t y = f ( t ) = ( C ) vaø (d) y = 2m
t−2
t 2 − 4t + 3
Ta coù : y ' = f ( t ) = 2
( t − 2)
Do (**) luoâ n coù nghieäm t = 1 ∈ [ 0,1] treân yeâu caàu baø i toaùn
⎡( d ) y = 2m khoâ ng coù ñieå m chung vôù i ( C )
⇔⎢
⎢⎣( d ) caé t ( C ) taï i 1 ñieå m duy nhaá t t = 1
3
⇔ 2m < ∨ 2m ≥ 2
2
3
⇔ m< ∨m≥1
4
Caù c h khaù c :
Y C B T ⇔ f(t) = t 2 − 2mt + 4m − 3 = 0 ( 2 ) voâ nghieä m treâ n [ 0,1 ) .
⎧Δ ≥ 0
⎪af (0 ) ≥ 0
⎪⎪
Ta coù (2) coù nghieä m ∈ [ 0,1] ⇔ f (0). f (1) ≤ 0 hay ⎨af (1) ≥ 0
⎪
⎪0 ≤ S ≤ 1
⎪⎩ 2
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⎧m2 − 4 m + 3 ≥ 0
⎪
⎪4m − 3 > 0 3
⇔ ( 4 m − 3) (2m − 2) ≤ 0 hay ⎨ ⇔ ≤ m ≤1
⎪ 2m − 2 > 0 4
⎪⎩0 ≤ m ≤1
3
Do ñoù (2) voâ nghieäm treâ n [ 0,1 ) ⇔ m < hay m >1 hay f (1) = 0
4
3
⇔m< ∨m≥1
4
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BAØI TAÄP

a/ cos3 x + sin x − 3sin2 x cos x = 0
b/ sin 2 x ( tgx + 1) = 3sin x ( cos x − sin x ) + 3
c/ 2 cos2 x + cos 2x + sin x = 0
1 − cos3 x
d/ tg 2 x =
1 − sin3 x
e/ sin3 x − 5sin2 x cos x − 3sin x cos2 x + 3cos3 x = 0
f/ cos3 x + sin x − 3sin2 x cos x = 0
g/ 1 + tgx = 2 2 sin x
h/ sin3 x + cos3 x = sin x − cos x
k/ 3tg 2 x + 4tgx + 4 cot gx + 3cot g 2 x + 2 = 0
3(1 + sin x) π x
m/ 3tg 2 x − tgx + 2
− 8 cos 2 ( − ) = 0
cos x 4 2
sin x + cos x
n/ =1
sin 2x
2. Cho phöông trình : sin 2 x + 2 ( m − 1) sin x cos x − ( m + 1) cos2 x = m

a/ Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieä m
b/ Giaû i phöông trình khi m = -2 ( ÑS : m ∈ [ −2,1])
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CHÖÔNG VII
PHÖÔNG TRÌNH LÖÔÏNG GIAÙC CHÖÙA CAÊN VAØ PHÖÔNG
TRÌNH LÖÔÏNG GIAÙC CHÖÙA GIAÙ TRÒ TUYEÄT ÑOÁI
A) PHÖÔNG TRÌNH LÖÔÏ N G GIAÙ C CHÖÙ A CAÊ N
Caù c h giaû i : AÙ p duï n g caù c coâ n g thöù c

⎧A ≥ 0 ⎧B ≥ 0
A = B⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
⎩A = B ⎩A = B
⎧B ≥ 0
A =B⇔⎨
⎩A = B
2
Ghi chuù : Do theo phöông trình chænh lyù ñaõ boû phaà n baá t phöông trình löôï n g
giaùc neâ n ta xöû lyù ñieàu kieä n B ≥ 0 baè n g phöông phaù p thöû laï i vaø chuù n g toâ i boû
caùc baø i toaùn quaù phöùc taï p .
Baø i 138 : Giaû i phöông trình 5 cos x − cos 2x + 2 sin x = 0 ( *)
( *) ⇔ 5 cos x − cos 2x = −2 sin x

⎧sin x ≤ 0
⇔⎨
⎩5 cos x − cos 2x = 4 sin x
2
⎧⎪sin x ≤ 0
⇔⎨
( 2
) (
⎪⎩5 cos x − 2 cos x − 1 = 4 1 − cos x
2
)
⎧sin x ≤ 0
⇔⎨
⎩2 cos x + 5 cos x − 3 = 0
2
⎧sin x ≤ 0
⎪
⇔⎨ 1
⎪⎩cos x = 2 ∨ cos x = −3 ( loaï i )
⎧sin x ≤ 0
⎪
⇔⎨ π
⎪⎩ x = ± 3 + k2π, k ∈ ]
π
⇔ x = − + k2π, k ∈ ]
3

sin3 x + cos3 x + sin3 x cot gx + cos3 xtgx = 2 sin 2x
Ñieà u kieän :
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⎧cos x ≠ 0
⎪ ⎧sin 2x ≠ 0
⎨sin x ≠ 0 ⇔ ⎨ ⇔ sin 2x > 0
⎪sin 2x ≥ 0 ⎩sin 2x ≥ 0
⎩
Luù c ñoù :
( *) ⇔ sin3 x + cos3 x + sin2 x cos x + cos2 x sin x = 2 sin 2x
⇔ sin2 x ( sin x + cos x ) + cos2 x ( cos x + sin x ) = 2sin 2x
( )
⇔ ( sin x + cos x ) sin 2 x + cos2 x = 2 sin 2x
⎧⎪sin x + cos x ≥ 0
⇔⎨ 2
⎪⎩( sin x + cos x ) = 2 sin 2x
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪ 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟ ≥ 0 ⎪sin ⎜ x + ⎟ ≥ 0
⇔⎨ ⎝ 4⎠ ⇔⎨ ⎝ 4⎠
⎪1 + sin 2x = 2 sin 2x ⎪sin 2x = 1 ( nhaä n do sin 2x > 0 )
⎩ ⎩
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪⎪sin ⎜ x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0 ⎪⎪sin ⎜ x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0
⇔⎨ ⎝ ⎠ ⇔ ⎝ ⎠
⎨
⎪ x = π + kπ, k ∈ ] ⎪ x = π + m2π ∨ x = 5π + m2π ( loaï i ) , m ∈ ]
⎪⎩ 4 ⎪⎩ 4 4
π
⇔ x = + m2π, m ∈ ]
4
⎛ π⎞
Baø i 140 : Giaû i phöông trình 1 + 8 sin 2x. cos2 2x = 2 sin ⎜ 3x + ⎟ ( *)
⎝ 4⎠
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ 3x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0
⎪ ⎝ ⎠
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ ⎨
⎪1 + 8 sin 2x cos2 2x = 4 sin2 ⎛ 3x + π ⎞
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ 3x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0
⎪ ⎝ ⎠
⇔⎨
⎪1 + 4 sin 2x (1 + cos 4x ) = 2 ⎡1 − cos( 6x + π ) ⎤
⎪⎩ ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ 3x + ⎟ ≥ 0
⇔⎨ ⎝ 4⎠
⎪1 + 4 sin 2x + 2 ( sin 6x − sin 2x ) = 2 (1 + sin 6x )
⎩
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪⎪sin ⎜ 3x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0 ⎪⎪sin ⎜ 3x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0
⇔⎨ ⎝ ⎠ ⇔⎨ ⎝ ⎠
⎪sin 2x = 1 ⎪ x = π + kπ ∨ x = 5π + kπ, k ∈ ]
⎪⎩ 2 ⎪⎩ 12 12
⎛ π ⎞
So laï i vôù i ñieà u kieä n sin ⎜ 3x + ⎟ ≥ 0
⎝ 4⎠
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π
•Khi x = + kπ thì
12
⎛ π⎞ ⎛π ⎞
sin ⎜ 3x + ⎟ = sin ⎜ + 3kπ ⎟ = cos kπ
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
⎡1 , ( neá u k chaü n ) ( nhaä n )
=⎢
⎢⎣ −1 , ( neá u k leû ) ( loaï i )
5π
• Khi x = + kπ thì
12
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ π ⎞
sin ⎜ 3x + ⎟ = sin ⎜ + 3kπ ⎟ = sin ⎜ − + kπ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎡ −1 , neá u k chaü n ( loaï i )
=⎢
⎢⎣1 , neá u k leû ( nhaä n )
π 5π
Do ñoù ( *) ⇔ x = + m2π ∨ x = + ( 2m + 1) π, m ∈ ]
12 12
1 − sin 2x + 1 + sin 2x
Baø i 141 : Giaû i phöông trình = 4 cos x ( * )
sin x
Luù c ñoù : ( *) ⇔ 1 − sin 2x + 1 + sin 2x = 2 sin 2x
( hieån nhieân sinx = 0 khoâ n g laø nghieä m , vì sinx =0 thì VT = 2, VP = 0 )
⎧⎪2 + 2 1 − sin2 2x = 4 sin2 2x
⇔⎨
⎪⎩sin 2x ≥ 0
⎪⎧ 1 − sin2 2x = 2 sin2 2x − 1
⇔⎨
⎪⎩sin 2x ≥ 0
⎧1 − sin 2 2x = 4 sin4 2x − 4 sin2 2x + 1
⎪
⎪ 1
⇔ ⎨sin2 2x ≥
⎪ 2
⎪⎩sin 2x ≥ 0
( )
⎧sin 2 2x 4 sin 2 2x − 3 = 0
⎪
⇔⎨ 1
⎪sin 2x ≥
⎩ 2
⎧ 3 − 3
⎪sin 2x = ∨ sin 2x =
⎪ 2 2
⇔⎨
⎪sin 2x ≥ 2
⎪⎩ 2
3
⇔ sin 2x =
2
π 2π
⇔ 2x = + k2π ∨ 2x = + k2π, k ∈ ]
3 3
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π π
⇔x= + kπ ∨ x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
6 3
Chuù yù : Coù theå ñöa veà phöông trình chöùa giaù trò tuyeä t ñoá i
⎧sin x ≠ 0
( *) ⇔ ⎪⎨
⎪⎩ cos x − sin x + cos x + sin x = 2 sin 2x
⇔ cos x − sin x + cos x + sin x = 2 sin 2x
Baø i 142 : Giaû i phöông trình sin x + 3 cos x + sin x + 3 cos x = 2 ( *)

π
sin
Ñaë t t = sin x + 3 cos x = sin x + 3 cos x
π
cos
3
1 ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
⇔t= sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = 2 sin ⎜ x + ⎟
π ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
cos
3
( *) thaønh t + t = 2
⇔ t = 2−t
⎧2 − t ≥ 0 ⎧t ≤ 2
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨ 2
⎩t = 4 − 4t + t ⎩t − 5t + 4 = 0
2
⎧t ≤ 2
⇔⎨ ⇔ t =1
⎩t = 1 ∨ t = 4
Do ñoù ( * )
⎛ π⎞ 1 π π π 5π
⇔ sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = ⇔ x + = + k2π hay x + = + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎝ 3⎠ 2 3 6 3 6
π π
⇔ x = − + k2π ∨ x = + k2π, k ∈ ]
6 2

3 tgx + 1 ( sin x + 2 cos x ) = 5 ( sin x + 3 cos x ) ( *)
Chia hai veá cuû a (*) cho cos x ≠ 0 ta ñöôïc
( *) ⇔ 3 tgx + 1 ( tgx + 2) = 5 ( tgx + 3)
Ñaë t u = tgx + 1 vôù i u ≥ 0
Thì u − 1 = tgx
2
(*) thaø n h 3u ( u 2 + 1) = 5 ( u 2 + 2 )
⇔ 3u 3 − 5u 2 + 3u − 10 = 0
⇔ ( u − 2 ) ( 3u 2 + u + 5 ) = 0
⇔ u = 2 ∨ 3u 2 + u + 5 = 0 ( voâ nghieä m )
Do ñoù ( *) ⇔ tgx + 1 = 2
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⇔ tgx + 1 = 4
⎛ π π⎞
⇔ tgx = 3 = tgα ⎜ vôù i − < α < ⎟ ⇔ x = α + k π , k ∈ ]
⎝ 2 2⎠
1
Baø i 144 : Giaû i phöông trình ( )
1 − cos x + cos x cos 2x =
2
sin 4x ( *)
( *) ⇔ ( )
1 − cos x + cos x cos 2x = sin 2x cos 2x
⎧cos x ≥ 0
⇔⎨ hay 1 − cos x + cos x = sin 2x
⎩cos 2x = 0
⎧cos x ≥ 0 ⎧cos x ≥ 0
⎪ ⎪
⇔⎨ π hay ⎨sin 2x ≥ 0
⎪⎩2x = 2 + kπ, k ∈ ] ⎪ 2
⎩1 + 2 ( 1 − cos x)cosx = sin 2x
⎧cos x ≥ 0 ⎧cos x ≥ 0
⎪ ⎪
⇔⎨ π π hay ⎨sin 2x ≥ 0
⎪⎩ x = 4 + k 2 , k ∈ ] ⎪ 2
⎩1 + 2 ( 1 − cos x)cosx = sin 2x ( VT ≥ 1 ≥ VP )
⎧cos x ≥ 0
⎧cos x ≥ 0 ⎪sin 2x ≥ 0
⎪ ⎪
⇔⎨ π 5π hay ⎨ 2
⎪⎩ x = ± 4 + hπ hay x = ± 4 + hπ, h ∈ ] ⎪sin 2x = 1
⎪⎩(1 − cos x ) cos x = 0
π
⇔ x = ± + hπ, h ∈ ]
4
⎧sin 2x = 1 ⎧sin 2x = 1
hay ⎨ hay ⎨
⎩cos x = 0 ( ⇒ sin 2x = 0 ) ⎩cos x = 1 ( ⇒ sin x = 0 ⇒ sin 2x = 0 )
π
⇔ x = ± + hπ, h ∈ ]
4
Baø i 145 : Giaû i phöông trình sin3 x (1 + cot gx ) + cos3 x (1 + tgx ) = 2 sin x cos x ( *)
sin x + cos x ⎞ ⎛ cos x + sin x ⎞
( *) ⇔ sin3 x ⎛⎜ 3
⎟ + cos x ⎜ ⎟ = 2 sin x cos x
⎝ sin x ⎠ ⎝ cos x ⎠
( )
⇔ ( sin x + cos x ) sin 2 x + cos2 x = 2 sin x cos x
⎧sin x + cos x ≥ 0
⇔⎨
⎩1 + sin 2x = 2 sin 2x
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ x + ⎟ ≥ 0
⎧sin x + cos x ≥ 0 ⎪ ⎝ 4⎠
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
⎩sin 2x = 1 ⎪ x = π + kπ, k ∈ ]
⎪⎩ 4
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⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪⎪sin ⎜ x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0
⇔⎨ ⎝ ⎠
⎪ x + π = π + kπ, k ∈ ]
⎪⎩ 4 2
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪⎪sin ⎜ x + 4 ⎟ ≥ 0
⇔⎨ ⎝ ⎠
⎪ x + π = π + h2π hay x + π = 3π + h2π, h ∈ ]
⎪⎩ 4 2 4 2
π
⇔ x = + h2π, h ∈ ]
4
Baø i 146 : Giaû i phöông trình cos 2x + 1 + sin 2x = 2 sin x + cos x ( *)

⎛ π⎞
Ñieà u kieän cos 2x ≥ 0 vaø sin ⎜ x + ⎟ ≥ 0
⎝ 4⎠
2
Luù c ñoù : ( *) ⇔ cos2 x − sin 2 x + ( cos x + sin x ) = 2 cos x + sin x
2 2
⇔ cos2 x − sin 2 x + ( cos x + sin x ) + 2 cos 2x ( cos x + sin x )
= 4 ( sin x + cos x )
⇔ cos x ( cos x + sin x ) + ( sin x + cos x ) cos 2x = 2 ( sin x + cos x )
⎡sin x + cos x = 0
⇔⎢
⎣cos x + cos 2x = 2
⎡ tgx = −1
⇔⎢
⎢⎣ cos 2x = 2 − cos x ( * *)
⎡ tgx = −1
⇔⎢
⎣cos 2x = 4 − 4 cos x + cos x
2
⇔ tgx = −1 ∨ cos2 x + 4 cos x − 5 = 0

⇔ tgx = −1 ∨ cos x = 1 ∨ cos x = −5 ( loaï i )
π
⇔x=− + kπ ∨ x = k2π, k ∈ ]
4
π ⎛ π⎞
Thöû laï i : • x = − + kπ thì cos 2x = cos ⎜ − ⎟ = 0 ( nhaän )
4 ⎝ 2⎠
⎛ π⎞
Vaø sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = sin kπ = 0 ( nhaä n )
⎝ 4⎠
• x = k2π thì cos 2x = 1 ( nhaä n )
⎛ π⎞ π
vaø cos ⎜ x + ⎟ = cos > 0 ( nhaä n )
⎝ 4⎠ 4
π
Do ñoù (*) ⇔ x = − + kπ ∨ x = k2π, k ∈ ]
4
Chuù yù : Taïi (**) coù theå duøn g phöông trình löôï n g giaù c khoâ n g möï c
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⎧cos x + cos 2x = 2
( * *) ⇔ ⎪⎨
⎪⎩sin x + cos x ≥ 0
⎧cos x = 1
⎪
⇔ ⎨cos 2x = 2 cos2 x − 1 = 1
⎪sin x + cos x ≥ 0
⎩
⎧cos x = 1
⇔⎨ ⇔ x = 2kπ, k ∈ ]
⎩sin x + cos x ≥ 0
Caù c h khaù c
2
( *) ⇔ cos2 x − sin 2 x + ( cos x + sin x ) = 2 cos x + sin x
2
⇔ (cos x + sin x).(cos x − sin x ) + ( cos x + sin x ) = 2 cos x + sin x
⎧⎪cos x + sin x > 0
⇔ cos x + sin x = 0 hay ⎨
⎪⎩ cos x − sin x + ( cos x + sin x ) = 2
⇔ tgx = − 1 hay ⎨
⎪⎩2 cos x + 2 cos 2x = 4
⇔ tgx = − 1 hay ⎨
⎪⎩cos x + cos 2x = 2
π ⎧cos x = 1
⇔ x = − + kπ, k ∈ ] hay ⎨
4 ⎩cos 2x = 1
π
⇔ x = − + kπ hay x = 2kπ, k ∈ ]
4
( nhaä n xeù t: khi cosx =1 thì sinx = 0 vaø sinx + cosx = 1 > 0 )
BAØI TAÄP
1. Giaû i phöông trình :
a/ 1 + sin x + cos x = 0
4x
cos − cos2 x
b/ 3 =0
1 − tg 2 x
c/ sin x + 3 cos x = 2 + cos 2x + 3 sin 2x
d/ sin 2 x − 2 sin x + 2 = 2 sin x − 1
3tgx
e/ 2 3 sin x = − 3
2 sin x − 1
sin2 2x + cos4 2x − 1
f/ =0
sin cos x
g/ 8 cos 4x cos2 2x + 1 − cos 3x + 1 = 0
h/ sin x + sin x + sin2 x + cos x = 1
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k/ 5 − 3sin 2 x − 4 cos x = 1 − 2 cos x

l/ cos 2x = cos2 x 1 + tgx
1 + sin x + 1 − sin x = m cos x (1)
b/ Giaû i vaø bieä n luaän theo m phöông trình (1)
3. Cho f(x) = 3cos6 2x + sin 4 2x + cos4x – m
a/ Giaû i phöông trình f(x) = 0 khi m = 0
b/ Cho g ( x ) = 2 cos2 2x 3 cos2 2x + 1 . Tìm taá t caû caùc giaù trò m ñeå phöông
trình f(x) = g(x) coù nghieä m .
( ÑS : 1 ≤ m ≤ 0 )
4. Tìm m ñeå phöông trình sau coù nghieä m
1 + 2 cos x + 1 + 2sin x = m
(ÑS : 1+ 3 ≤ m ≤ 2 1+ 2 )
B) PHÖÔNG TRÌNH LÖÔÏ N G GIAÙ C CHÖÙ A CAÙ C TRÒ TUYEÄ T ÑOÁ I
Caù ch giaû i : 1/ Môû giaù trò tuyeä t ñoá i baèn g ñònh nghóa
2/ AÙ p duïn g
• A = B ⇔ A = ±B
⎧B ≥ 0 ⎧B ≥ 0 ⎧A ≥ 0 ⎧A < 0
•A =B⇔⎨ ⇔⎨ 2 ⇔⎨ ∨⎨
⎩ A = ±B ⎩A = B ⎩ A = B ⎩ A = −B
2
Baø i 147 : Giaû i phöông trình cos 3x = 1 − 3 sin 3x ( *)

⎧1 − 3 sin 3x ≥ 0
( *) ⇔ ⎪⎨
⎪⎩cos 3x = 1 − 2 3 sin 3x + 3sin 3x
2 2
⎧ 1
⎪sin 3x ≤
⇔⎨ 3
⎪1 − sin 2 3x = 1 − 2 3 sin 3x + 3 sin2 3x
⎩
⎧ 1
⎪sin 3x ≤
⇔⎨ 3
⎪4 sin 2 3x − 2 3 sin 3x = 0
⎩
⎧ 1
⎪sin 3x ≤ 3
⎪
⇔⎨
⎪sin 3x = 0 ∨ sin 3x = 3
⎪⎩ 2
⇔ sin 3x = 0
kπ
⇔x= ,k ∈]
3
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Baø i 148 : Giaû i phöông trình 3sin x + 2 cos x − 2 = 0 ( * )

( *) ⇔ 2 cos x = 2 − 3sin x
⎧2 − 3sin x ≥ 0
⇔⎨
⎩4 cos x = 4 − 12 sin x + 9 sin x
2 2
⎧ 2
⎪sin x ≤ 3
⇔⎨
( )
⎪4 1 − sin 2 x = 4 − 12 sin x + 9 sin 2 x
⎩
⎧ 2
⎪sin x ≤
⇔ ⎨ 3
⎪13 sin2 x − 12 sin x = 0
⎩
⎧ 2
⎪⎪sin x ≤ 3
⇔ ⎨
⎪sin x = 0 ∨ sin x = 12
⎪⎩ 13
⇔ sin x = 0
⇔ x = kπ, k ∈ ]
Baø i 149 : Giaû i phöông trình sin x cos x + sin x + cos x = 1 ( * )

⎛ π⎞
⎝ 4⎠
Vôù i ñieà u kieä n : 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
t2 − 1
Do ñoù (*) thaø nh : +t =1
2
⇔ t 2 + 2t − 3 = 0
⇔ t = 1 ∨ t = −3 ( loaï i )
Vaäy ( * ) ⇔ 12 = 1 + 2sin x cos x
⇔ sin 2x = 0
kπ
⇔x= ,k ∈]
2
Baø i 150 : Giaû i phöông trình sin x − cos x + 2 sin 2x = 1 ( * )
(
Ñaë t t = sin x − cos x ñieà u kieä n 0 ≤ t ≤ 2 )
Thì t = 1 − sin 2x
2
(
( *) thaønh : t + 2 1 − t 2 = 1 )
⇔ 2t 2 − t − 1 = 0
1
⇔ t = 1 ∨ t = − ( loaï i do ñieà u kieä n )
2
khi t = 1 thì 1 = 1 − sin 2x
2
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⇔ sin 2x = 0
kπ
⇔x= ,k ∈]
2
Baø i 151 : Giaû i phuông trình sin 4 x − cos4 x = sin x + cos x ( * )
( *) ⇔ ( sin2 x + cos2 x )( sin2 x − cos2 x ) = sin x + cos x
⇔ − cos 2x = sin x + cos x
⎧⎪− cos 2x ≥ 0
⇔⎨ 2
⎪⎩cos 2x = 1 + 2 sin x cos x
⎧⎪cos 2x ≤ 0
⇔⎨
⎪⎩1 − sin 2x = 1 + sin 2x
2
⎧⎪cos 2x ≤ 0
⇔⎨
⎪⎩ sin 2x = − sin 2x
2
⎧cos 2x ≤ 0
⇔⎨
⎩sin 2x = 0
⎧cos 2x ≤ 0
⇔⎨ 2 ⇔ cos 2x = −1
⎩cos 2x = 1
π
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
2
Baø i 152 : Giaû i phöông trình 3 sin 2x − 2 cos2 x = 2 2 + 2 cos 2x ( *)
(
Ta coù : ( * ) ⇔ 2 3 sin x cos x − 2 cos2 x = 2 2 + 2 2 cos2 x − 1 )
⎛ 3 1 ⎞
⇔ cos x ⎜⎜ sin x − cos x ⎟⎟ = cos x
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
⎛ π⎞
⇔ cos x.sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = cos x
⎝ 6⎠
⎧cos x > 0 ⎧cos x < 0
⎪ ⎪
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ ⎨ ⎛ π⎞ ∨⎨ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ x − 6 ⎟ = 1 ⎪sin ⎜ x − 6 ⎟ = −1
⎩ ⎝ ⎠ ⎩ ⎝ ⎠
⎧cos x > 0 ⎧cos x < 0
⎪ ⎪
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ ⎨ π π ∨⎨ π π
⎪⎩ x − 6 = 2 + k2π, k ∈ ] ⎪⎩ x − 6 = − 2 + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎧cos x > 0 ⎧cos x < 0
π ⎪ ⎪
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈ ] ∨ ⎨ 2π ∨⎨ π
2 ⎪⎩ x = 3 + k2π, k ∈ ] ⎪⎩ x = − 3 + k2π, k ∈ ]
π
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈ ]
2
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Baø i 153 : Tìm caùc nghieä m treâ n ( 0, 2π ) cuû a phöông trình :

sin 3x − sin x
= sin 2x + cos 2x ( *)
1 − cos 2x
2 cos 2x sin x ⎛ π⎞
Ta coù : ( * ) ⇔ = 2 cos ⎜ 2x − ⎟
2 sin x ⎝ 4⎠
Ñieà u kieän : sin x ≠ 0 ⇔ x ≠ kπ
• Khi x ∈ ( 0, π ) thì sin x > 0 neâ n :
⎛ π⎞
( *) ⇔ 2 cos 2x = 2 cos ⎜ 2x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞
⇔ 2x = ± ⎜ 2x − ⎟ + k2π, k ∈ ]
⎝ 4⎠
π
⇔ 4x = + k2π, k ∈ ]
4
π kπ
⇔x= + ,k ∈]
16 2
π 9π
Do x ∈ ( 0, π ) neâ n x = hay x =
16 16
Khi x ∈ ( π, 2π ) thì sinx < 0 neâ n :
π⎞
( *) ⇔ − cos 2x = cos ⎛⎜ 2x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞
⇔ cos ( π − 2x ) = cos ⎜ 2x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
π
⇔ 2x − = ± ( π − 2x ) + k2π, k ∈ ]
4
5π
⇔ 4x = + k2π, k ∈ ]
4
5π kπ
⇔x= + ,k ∈]
16 2
21π 29π
Do x ∈ ( π, 2π ) neâ n x = ∨x= •
16 16
Baø i 154 Cho phöông trình : sin 6 x + cos6 x = a sin 2x (*)

Tìm a sao cho phöông trình coù nghieä m .
Ta coù :
sin6 x + cos6 x = ( sin2 x + cos2 x )( sin4 x − sin2 x cos2 x + cos4 x )
= ( sin2 x + cos2 x ) − 3 sin2 x cos2 x

2
3
=1− sin 2 2x
4
Ñaë t t = sin 2x ñieà u kieän 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
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3 2
t = at ( * *)
thì (*) thaø n h : 1 −
4
1 3
⇔ − t = a (do t = 0 thì (**) voâ nghieäm )
t 4
1 3
Xeù t y = − t treâ n D = ( 0,1]
t 4
1 3
thì y ' = − 2 − < 0
t 4
1
Do ñoù : (*) coù nghieä m ⇔ a ≥ •
4
Baø i 155 Cho phöông trình cos 2x = m cos2 x 1 + tgx ( *)

⎡ π⎤
Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieäm treâ n ⎢ 0, ⎥
⎣ 3⎦
Ñaë t t = tgx thì

Vaäy : (*) thaø n h: 1 − t 2 = m 1 + t ( * *) (chia 2 veá cho cos2 ≠ 0 )
π
Khi 0 ≤ x ≤ thì t ∈ ⎡⎣0, 3 ⎤⎦
3
1 − t2 (1 − t )(1 + t ) = 1 − t 1 + t
Vaäy (**) ⇔ m = = ( )
1+ t 1+ t
Xeù t y = (1 − t ) 1 + t treâ n ⎡⎣ 0, 3 ⎤⎦
Ta coù
(1 − t ) −2 (1 + t ) + (1 − t )
y' = − 1+ t + =
2 1+ t 2 1+ t
−3t − 1
⇔ y' = < 0 ∀t ∈ ⎡⎣0, 3 ⎤⎦
2 1+t
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⎡ π⎤
(
Do ñoù : (*) coù nghieä m treâ n ⎢ 0, ⎥ ⇔ 1 − 3
⎣ 3⎦
) 1+ 3 ≤ m ≤ 1•
BAØI TAÄP
1. Giaû i caùc phöông trình

a/ sin x − cox = 1 − 4 sin 2x
b/ 4 sin x + 3 cos x = 3
1
c/ tgx = cot gx +
cos x
1 1 1 ⎛ 1 + 3 cos2 x ⎞
d/ + − 2 = − 2⎜ ⎟
sin x 1 − cos x 1 + cos x ⎝ sin x ⎠
2
1
e/ cot gx = tgx +
sin x
f/ 2 cos x − sin x = 1
1 + cos x + 1 − cos x
g/ = 4 sin x
cos x
1 − cos 2x ⎛ 1⎞
h/ = 2 ⎜ cos x − ⎟
sin x ⎝ 2⎠
sin 3 x + cos3 x
m/ cos 2x + 1 + sin 2x =
2
n/ cos x + sin 3x = 0
1
r/ cot gx = tgx +
sin x
s/ cos x + 2 sin 2x − cos 3x = 1 + 2 sin x − cos 2x
tg 2 x 1
o/ = tgx + 1 +
tgx − 1 tgx − 1
p/ sin x − cos x + sin x + cos x = 2
2. sin x + cos x + a sin 2x = 1
Tìm tham soá a döông sao cho phöông trình coù nghieä m
3. Cho phöông trình: sin x − cos x + 4 sin 2x = m
65
b/ Tìm m ñeå phöông trình coù nghieä m (ÑS 2−4≤ m≤ )
16
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CHÖÔNG VIII
PHÖÔNG TRÌNH LÖÔÏNG GIAÙC KHOÂNG MAÃU MÖÏC

Tröôøng hôïp 1: TOÅNG HAI SOÁ KHOÂNG AÂM
⎧A ≥ 0 ∧ B ≥ 0
AÙ p duï n g Neá u ⎨ thì A = B = 0
⎩A + B = 0
Baø i 156 Giaû i phöông trình:

4 cos2 x + 3tg 2 x − 4 3 cos x + 2 3tgx + 4 = 0 (*)
Ta coù :
( ) +( )
2 2
(*) ⇔ 2 cos x − 3 3tgx + 1 =0
⎧ 3
⎪cos x =
⎪
⇔⎨ 2
⎪tgx = − 1
⎪⎩ 3
⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = ± 6 + k2π, k ∈
⇔⎨
⎪tgx = − 1
⎪⎩ 3
π
⇔x=− + k2π, k ∈
6

8 cos 4x.cos2 2x + 1 − cos 3x + 1 = 0 ( *)
Ta coù : ( *) ⇔ 4 cos 4x (1 + cos 4x ) + 1 + 1 − cos 3x = 0

⇔ ( 4 cos2 4x + 4 cos 4x + 1) + 1 − cos 3x = 0
2
⇔ ( 2 cos 4x + 1) + 1 − cos 3x = 0
⎧ 1 ⎧ 1
⎪cos 4x = − ⎪cos 4x = −
⇔⎨ 2⇔⎨ 2
⎪⎩cos 3x = 1 ⎪⎩3x = k2π, k ∈
⎧ 1
⎪⎪cos 4x = − 2
⇔⎨
⎪ x = k2π , k ∈ (coù 3 ñaà u ngoï n cung)
⎪⎩ 3
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⎧ 1
⎪⎪ cos 4x = −
2
⇔⎨
⎪x = − 2 π 2π
+m2π hay x = m2π hay x = + m2π , m ∈
⎪⎩ 3 3
2π
⇔x=± + m2π, m ∈
3
(ta nhaä n k = ±1 vaø loaï i k = 0 )

sin 2 3x
sin 2 x +
3sin 4x
( cos 3x sin3 x + sin 3x cos3 x ) = sin x sin 2 3x ( *)
Ta coù : cos 3x.sin3 3x + sin 3x.cos3 x

= ( 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x ) sin 3 x + ( 3 sin x − 4 sin 3 x ) cos3 x
= −3 cos x sin 3 x + 3 sin x cos3 x = 3 sin x cos x ( cos2 x − sin 2 x )
3 3
= sin 2x. cos 2x = sin 4x
2 4
1
Vaä y: ( *) ⇔ sin2 x + sin2 3x = sin x sin2 3x vaø sin 4x ≠ 0
4
2
⎛1 ⎞ 1 1
⇔ ⎜ sin2 3x − sin x ⎟ − sin4 3x + sin2 3x = 0 vaø sin 4x ≠ 0
⎝2 ⎠ 4 4
2
⎛1 ⎞ 1
⇔ ⎜ sin2 3x − sin x ⎟ + sin2 3x (1 − sin2 3x ) = 0 vaø sin 4x ≠ 0
⎝2 ⎠ 4
2
⎛1 ⎞ 1
⇔ ⎜ sin 2 3x − sin x ⎟ + sin 2 6x = 0 vaø sin 4x ≠ 0
⎝2 ⎠ 16
⎧sin 4x ≠ 0
⎪1
⎪
⇔ ⎨ sin2 3x = sin x
⎪2
⎪⎩sin 3x = 0 ∨ cos 3x = 0
⎧sin 4x ≠ 0
⎧sin 4x ≠ 0 ⎪
⎪ ⎪1
⇔ ⎨sin 3x = 0 ∨ ⎨ = sin x
⎪sin x = 0 (VN) ⎪ 2
⎩ ⎪⎩sin 3x = ±1
⎧sin 4x ≠ 0
⎪ 1
⎪
⇔ ⎨sin x =
⎪ 2
⎪⎩3 sin x − 4 sin 3 x = ±1
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⎧sin 4x ≠ 0
⎪
⇔⎨ 1
⎪⎩sin x = 2
⎧sin 4x ≠ 0
⎪
⇔⎨ π 5π
⎪⎩ x = 6 + k2π ∨ 6 + k2π, k ∈
π 5π
⇔ x = + k2π ∨ x = + k2π, k ∈
6 6
Tröôøng hôïp 2 Phöông phaùp ñoái laäp

⎧A ≤ M ≤ B
Neáu ⎨ thì A = B = M
⎩A = B
Baø i 159 Giaû i phöông trình: sin 4 x − cos4 x = sin x + cos x (*)
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ sin 2 x − cos2 x = sin x + cos x

⇔ − cos 2x = sin x + cos x
⎧⎪cos 2x ≤ 0
⇔⎨ 2
⎪⎩cos 2x = 1 + 2 sin x cos x
⎧⎪cos 2x ≤ 0 ⎧cos 2x ≤ 0
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
⎪⎩− sin 2x = 2 sin 2x ⎩sin 2x = 0 (cos 2x = ± 1 )
2
⇔ cos 2x = −1
π
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈
2
Caùc h khaù c
Ta coù sin 4 x − cos4 x ≤ sin 4 x ≤ sin x ≤ sin x + cos x
⎧⎪cos x = 0 π
Do ñoù (*) ⇔ ⎨ 4 ⇔ cos x = 0 ⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈
⎪⎩sin x = sin x 2
Giaû i phöông trình: ( cos 2x − cos 4x ) = 6 + 2 sin 3x (*)

2
Baø i 160:
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ 4 sin2 3x.sin2 x = 6 + 2sin 3x

• Do: sin2 3x ≤ 1 vaø sin2 x ≤ 1
neâ n 4 sin2 3x sin2 x ≤ 4
• Do sin 3x ≥ −1 neân 6 + 2 sin 3x ≥ 4
Vaäy 4 sin2 3x sin2 x ≤ 4 ≤ 6 + 2sin 3x
Daáu = cuûa phöông trình (*) ñuù n g khi vaø chæ khi
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⎧sin 2 3x = 1
⎪ 2 ⎧sin 2 x = 1
⎨sin x = 1 ⇔ ⎨
⎪sin 3x = −1 ⎩sin 3x = −1
⎩
⎧ π
⎪ x = ± + k2π, k ∈ π
⇔⎨ 2 ⇔ x = + k2π, k ∈
⎪⎩sin 3x = −1 2
cos3 x − sin 3 x
Baø i 161 Giaû i phöông trình: = 2 cos 2x (*)
sin x + cos x
Ñieà u kieän : sin x ≥ 0 ∧ cos x ≥ 0
Ta coù : (*)
(
⇔ ( cos x − sin x )(1 + sin x cos x ) = 2 ( cos2 x − sin 2 x ) sin x + cos x )
⎡ cos x − sin x = 0 (1)
⇔⎢
(
⎢⎣1 + sin x cos x = 2 ( cos x + sin x ) sin x + cos x ) (2)
π
Ta coù : i (1) ⇔ tgx = 1 ⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈
4
i Xeù t (2)
Ta coù : khi sin x ≥ 0 thì sin x ≥ sin x ≥ sin2 x
Töông töï cos x ≥ cos x ≥ cos2 x
Vaäy sin x + cos x ≥ 1 vaø sin x + cos x ≥ 1
Suy ra veá phaû i cuûa (2) thì ≥ 2
1 3
Maø veá traù i cuûa (2): 1 + sin 2x ≤
2 2
Do ñoù (2) voâ nghieäm
π
Vaäy : (*) ⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈
4
Baø i 162: Giaû i phöông trình: 3 − cos x − cos x + 1 = 2 (*)
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ 3 − cos x = 2 + cos x + 1

⇔ 3 − cos x = 5 + cos x + 4 cos x + 1
⇔ −2 ( cos x + 1) = 4 cos x + 1
Ta coù : −2 ( cos x + 1) ≤ 0 ∀x
maø 4 cos x + 1 ≥ 0 ∀x
Do ñoù daá u = cuû a (*) xaû y ra ⇔ cos x = −1
⇔ x = π + k2π , k ∈
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cos 3x + 2 − cos2 3x = 2 (1 + sin 2 2x ) (*)
Do baá t ñaú n g thöùc Bunhiacoá p ski:

AX + BY ≤ A 2 + B2 . X 2 + Y 2
neâ n : 1 cos 3x + 1 2 − cos2 3x ≤ 2. cos2 3x + ( 2 − cos2 3x ) = 2
Daáu = xaûy ra ⇔ cos 3x = 2 − cos2 3x

⎧cos 3x ≥ 0
⇔⎨ 2
⎩cos 3x = 2 − cos 3x
2
⎧cos 3x ≥ 0
⇔⎨ ⇔ cos 3x = 1
⎩cos 3x = ±1
Maë t khaùc : 2 (1 + sin 2 2x ) ≥ 2
daá u = xaû y ra ⇔ sin 2x = 0
Vaäy : cos 3x + 2 − cos2 3x ≤ 2 ≤ 2 (1 + sin 2 2x )
daá u = cuû a (*) chæ xaû y ra khi:
cos 3x = 1 ∧ sin 2x = 0
⎧cos 3x = 1
⎪
⇔⎨ kπ
⎪⎩ x = 2 , k ∈ ( coù 4 ñaà u ngoï n cung )
⇔ x = 2mπ , m ∈
⎛ π⎞
Baø i 164: Giaû i phöông trình: tg 2 x + cotg 2 x = 2 sin5 ⎜ x + ⎟ (*)
⎝ 4⎠

• Do baá t ñaú n g thöùc Cauchy: tg 2 x + cotg 2 x ≥ 2
daá u = xaû y ra khi tgx = cotgx
⎛ π⎞
• Maë t khaùc : sin ⎜ x + ⎟ ≤ 1
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞
neâ n 2 sin5 ⎜ x + ⎟ ≤ 2
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞
daá u = xaû y ra khi sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = 1
⎝ 4⎠
⎛ π⎞
Do ñoù : tg 2 x + cotg 2 x ≥ 2 ≥ 2 sin5 ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
⎧tgx = cotgx
⎪
Daáu = cuûa (*) xaû y ra ⇔ ⎨ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ x + 4 ⎟ = 1
⎩ ⎝ ⎠
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⎧tg 2 x = 1
⎪
⇔⎨ π
⎪ x = + k2π , k ∈
⎩ 4
π
⇔ x = + k2π, k ∈
4
Tröôøng hôïp 3:
⎧ A ≤ M vaø B ≤ M ⎧A = M
AÙp duïng: Neáu ⎨ thì ⎨
⎩A + B = M + N ⎩B = N
⎧sin u = 1
sin u + sin v = 2 ⇔ ⎨
⎩sin v = 1
⎧sin u = 1
sin u − sin v = 2 ⇔ ⎨
⎩sin v = − 1
⎧sin u = − 1
sin u + sin v = − 2 ⇔ ⎨
⎩sin v = − 1
Töông töï cho caùc tröôøng hôïp sau
sin u ± cos v = ± 2 ; cos u ± cos v = ± 2
3x
Baø i 165: Giaû i phöông trình: cos 2x + cos − 2 = 0 ( *)
4
3x
Ta coù : ( *) ⇔ cos 2x + cos =2
4
3x
Do cos 2x ≤ 1 vaø cos ≤1
4
neâ n daáu = cuûa (*) chæ xaû y ra
⎧cos 2x = 1 ⎧ x = kπ , k ∈
⎪ ⎪
⇔⎨ 3x ⇔⎨ 8hπ ⇔ x = 8mπ, m ∈
⎪⎩cos 4 = 1 ⎪⎩ x = 3 , h ∈
8hπ 8h
Do : kπ = ⇔k=
3 3
ñeå k nguyeâ n ta choï n h = 3m ( m ∈ Ζ ) ( thì k = 8m )
Caù c h khaù c
⎧cos 2x = 1 ⎧ x = kπ , k ∈
⎪ ⎪
⎨ 3x ⇔ ⎨ 3kπ ⇔ x = 8mπ, m ∈
⎪⎩ cos = 1 ⎪⎩cos 4 = 1
4

cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x = cos x.cos 2x.cos 3x + 2 ( * )
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cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x = 2 cos 3x cos x + 2 cos2 3x − 1

= 2 cos 3x ( cos x + cos 3x ) − 1
= 4 cos 3x.cos 2x.cos x − 1
1
Vaäy : cos 3x.cos 2x.cos x = ( cos 2x + 6 cos 4x + cos 6x + 1)
4
Do ñoù :
1 9
( *) ⇔ cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x = ( cos2x + cos 4x + cos6x ) +
4 4
3 9
⇔ ( cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x ) =
4 4
⇔ cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x = 3
⎧cos 2x = 1 ⎧2x = k2π, k ∈ (1)
⎪ ⎪
⇔ ⎨cos 4x = 1 ⇔ ⎨cos 4x = 1 (2)
⎪cos 6x = 1 ⎪cos 6x = 1 (3)
⎩ ⎩
⇔ 2x = k2π, k ∈ ⇔ x = kπ, k ∈
( Theá (1) vaøo (2) vaø (3) ta thaáy hieån nhieâ n thoûa )
cos 2x − 3 sin 2x − 3 sin x − cos x + 4 = 0 ( * )
Ta coù :
⎛ 1 3 ⎞ ⎛ 3 1 ⎞
( *) ⇔ 2 = ⎜⎜ − cos 2x + sin 2x ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ sin x + cos x ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
⇔ 2 = sin ⎜ 2x − ⎟ + sin ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 6⎠ ⎝ 6⎠
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎧ π π
⎪sin ⎜ 2x − 6 ⎟ = 1 ⎪ 2x − = + k2π, k ∈
⎪ ⎝ ⎠ ⎪ 6 2
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
⎪sin ⎛ x + π ⎞ = 1 ⎪ x + = π + h2π, h ∈
π
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟ ⎪⎩ 6 2
⎝ 6⎠
⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 3 + kπ, k ∈ π
⇔⎨ ⇔ x = + hπ, h ∈
⎪ x = π + h2π, h ∈ 3
⎪⎩ 3
Caù c h khaù c
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ 2x − 6 ⎟ = 1 ⎪sin ⎜ 2x − ⎟ = 1
⎪ ⎝ ⎠ ⎪ ⎝ 6⎠
( *) ⇔ ⎨ ⇔⎨
⎪sin ⎛ x + π ⎞ = 1 ⎪ x + π = π + h2π, h ∈
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟ ⎪⎩
⎝ 6⎠ 6 2
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⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪⎪sin ⎜ 2x − 6 ⎟ = 1 π
⇔⎨ ⎝ ⎠ ⇔x= + hπ, h ∈
⎪ x = π + h2π, h ∈ 3
⎪⎩ 3
Baø i 168: Giaû i phöông trình: 4 cos x − 2 cos 2x − cos 4x = 1 ( * )
Ta coù : ( * ) ⇔ 4 cos x − 2 ( 2 cos2 x − 1 ) − (1 − 2 sin 2 2x ) = 1

⇔ 4cosx − 4 cos2 x + 8 sin 2 x cos2 x = 0
⇔ cos x = 0 hay 1 − cos x + 2 sin 2 x cos x = 0
⇔ cos x = 0 hay 1 + cos x ( 2 sin2 x − 1) = 0
⇔ cos x = 0 hay 1 − cos x cos 2x = 0 ( * *)
1
⇔ cos x = 0 hay 1 − ( cos 3x + cos x ) = 0
2
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ cos 3x + cos x = 2
⎧cos 3x = 1
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ ⎨
⎩cos x = 1
⎧cos x = 1
⇔ cos x = 0 ⇔ ⎨
⎩4 cos x − 3 cos x = 1
3
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ cos x = 1
π
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = k2π, k ∈
2
Caùc h khaù c
( * *) ⇔ cos x = 0 hay cos x cos 2x = 1
⎧cos x = 1 ⎧cos x = − 1
⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ ⎨ ∨⎨
⎩cos 2x = 1 ⎩cos 2x = − 1
π ⎧ x = k2π, k ∈ ⎧ x = π + k2π, k ∈ ( loaï i )
⇔ x = + kπ, k ∈ ∨ ⎨ ∨⎨
2 ⎩cos 2x = 1 ⎩cos 2x = − 1
π
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = k2π, k ∈
2
1
tg2x + tg3x + = 0 ( *)
sin x cos 2x cos 3x
Ñieà u kieän : sin 2x cos 2x cos 3x ≠ 0

Luù c ñoù :
sin 2x sin 3x 1
( *) ⇔ + + =0
cos 2x cos 3x sin x.cos 2x.cos 3x
⇔ sin 2x sin x cos 3x + sin 3x sin x.cos 2x + 1 = 0
⇔ sin x ( sin 2x cos 3x + sin 3x cos 2x ) + 1 = 0
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⇔ sin x.sin 5x = −1
1
⇔− ( cos 6x − cos 4x ) = −1
2
⇔ cos 6x − cos 4x = 2
⎧t = cos 2x ⎧t = cos 2x
⎧cos 6x = 1 ⎪ 3 ⎪ 3
⇔⎨ ⇔ ⎨4t − 3t = 1 ⇔ ⎨4t − 3t = 1
⎩cos 4x = −1 ⎪ 2 ⎪
⎩2t − 1 = −1 ⎩t = 0
Do ñoù : (*) voâ nghieäm .
Caùc h khaù c
⎧sin x = 1 ⎧sin x = − 1
⇔ sin x. sin 5x = −1 ⇔ ⎨ hay ⎨
⎩sin 5x = − 1 ⎩sin 5x = 1
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪ x = + k2π, k ∈ ⎪ x = − + k2π, k ∈
⇔⎨ 2 hay ⎨ 2
⎪⎩sin 5x = − 1 ⎪⎩sin 5x = 1
⇔ x ∈∅
Baø i 170: Giaû i phöông trình: cos2 3x.cos 2x − cos2 x = 0 ( * )
1 1
Ta coù : ( *) ⇔ (1 + cos 6x ) cos 2x − (1 + cos 2x ) = 0
2 2
⇔ cos 6x cos 2x = 1
1
⇔ ( cos 8x + cos 4x ) = 1
2
⇔ cos 8x + cos 4x = 2
⎧cos 8x = 1
⇔⎨
⎩cos 4x = 1
⎧2 cos2 4x − 1 = 1
⇔⎨
⎩cos 4x = 1
⎧cos2 4x = 1
⇔⎨
⎩cos 4x = 1
⇔ cos 4x = 1
⇔ 4x = k2π, k ∈
kπ
⇔x= ,k ∈
2
Caùc h khaù c
⇔ cos 6x cos 2x = 1
⎧cos 2x = 1 ⎧cos 2x = −1
⇔⎨ hay ⎨
⎩cos 6x = 1 ⎩cos 6x = −1
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⎧2x = k2π, k ∈ ⎧2x = π + k2π, k ∈

⇔⎨ hay ⎨
⎩cos 6x = 1 ⎩cos 6x = −1
kπ
x= ,k ∈
2
Caùc h khaù c
⎧cos 8x = 1 ⎧cos 8x = 1
⎨ ⇔⎨
⎩cos 4x = 1 ⎩4x = k2π, k ∈
kπ
⇔x= ,k ∈
2
Tröôøng hôïp 4: DUØNG KHAÛO SAÙT HAØM SOÁ

x
y = a laø haøm giaûm khi 0< a <1.
Do ñoù ta coù
π
sin x m
< sin x n
⇔ n > m, ∀x ≠ + kπ , k ∈
2
π
cos x m
< co s x n
⇔ n > m, ∀x ≠ + kπ , k ∈
2
sin x m
≤ sin x n
⇔ n ≥ m, ∀x
cos x m
≤ co s x n
⇔ n ≥ m, ∀x
x2
Baø i 171: Giaû i phöông trình: 1 − = cos x ( *)
2
x2
Ta coù : ( *) ⇔ 1 = + cos x
2
x2
Xeù t y= + cos x treâ n R
2
Ta coù : y ' = x − sin x
vaø y '' = 1 − cos x ≥ 0 ∀x ∈ R
Do ñoù y’(x) laø haø m ñoà n g bieá n treâ n R
Vaäy ∀x ∈ ( 0, ∞ ) : x > 0 neâ n y ' ( x ) > y ' ( 0 ) = 0
∀x ∈ ( −∞, 0 ) : x < 0 neâ n y ' ( x ) < y ' ( 0 ) = 0
Do ñoù :
x2
Vaäy : y = + cos x ≥ 1 ∀x ∈ R
2
Daáu = cuûa (*) chæ xaû y ra taï i x = 0
Do ñoù ( * ) ⇔ x = 0 •
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sin 4 x + sin 6 x = sin 8 x + sin10 x (*)
Ta coù
⎪⎧sin x ≥ sin x vaø daá u =xaû y ra khi vaø chæ khi sin x = 1hay sinx = 0
4 8 2
⎨ 6
⎪⎩ sin x ≥ sin x vaø daá u =xaû y ra khi vaø chæ khi sin x = 1 hay sinx = 0
10 2
2
⇔ sin x = 1 ∨ sinx = 0
π
⇔x= ± + k 2π ∨ x = k 2π , k ∈
2
Caù c h khaù c
(*) ⇔ sin 4 x = 0 hay 1+ sin 2 x = sin 4 x + sin 6 x
⇔ sin x = 0 hay sin 2 x =1
BAØI TAÄP
Giaû i caù c phöông trình sau
1. lg ( sin 2 x ) − 1 + sin 3 x = 0
⎛ π⎞
2. sin 4x − cos 4x = 1 + 4 2 sin ⎜ x − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
1
3. sin2 x + sin 2 3x = sin x. sin 2 3x
4
4. π sin x
= cos x
5. 2 cos x + 2 sin 10x = 3 2 + 2 cos 28x. sin x
2
6. ( cos 4x − cos 2x ) = 5 + sin 3x
7. sin x + cos x = 2 ( 2 − sin 3x )
8. sin 3x ( cos 2x − 2 sin 3x ) + cos 3x (1 + sin 2x − 2 cos 3x ) = 0
9. tgx + tg2x = − sin 3x cos 2x
10. 2 log a ( cot gx ) = log 2 ( cos x )
⎡ π⎤
11. 2sin x = cos x vôù i x ∈ ⎢0, ⎥
⎣ 2⎦
12. cos x + sin x = 1
13 14
13. cos 2x − cos 6x + 4 ( sin 2x + 1) = 0

14. sin x + cos x = 2 ( 2 − cos 3x )
15. sin 3 x + cos3 x = 2 − sin 4 x
16. cos2 x − 4 cos x − 2x sin x + x 2 + 3 = 0
sin x
17. 2 + sin x = sin2 x + cos x
18. 3 cot g 2 x + 4 cos2 x − 2 3 cot gx − 4 cos x + 2 = 0
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CHÖÔNG IX
HEÄ PHÖÔNG TRÌNH LÖÔÏNG GIAÙC
I. GIAÛI HEÄ BAÈNG PHEÙP THEÁ
⎧2 cos x − 1 = 0 (1)
⎪
Baø i 173: Giaû i heä phöông trình: ⎨ 3
⎪sin 2x = ( 2)
⎩ 2
1
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ cos x =
2
π
⇔x=± + k2π ( k ∈ Z )
3
π
Vôù i x= + k 2π thay vaøo (2), ta ñöôï c
3
⎛ 2π ⎞ 3
sin 2x = sin ⎜ + k4 π ⎟ =
⎝ 3 ⎠ 2
π
Vôù i x = − + k 2π thay vaøo (2), ta ñöôï c
3
⎛ 2π ⎞ 3 3
sin 2x = sin ⎜ − + k4π ⎟ = − ≠ (loaï i)
⎝ 3 ⎠ 2 2
π
Do ñoù nghieä m của heä laø : x = + k 2π, k ∈
3
⎧sin x + sin y = 1
⎪
Baø i 174: Giaû i heä phöông trình: ⎨ π
⎪⎩ x + y = 3
Caù c h 1:
⎧ x+y x−y
⎪⎪2 sin 2 .cos 2 = 1
Heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨
⎪x + y = π
⎪⎩ 3
⎧ π x−y ⎧ x−y
⎪⎪2.sin 6 .cos 2 = 1 ⎪⎪cos 2 = 1
⇔⎨ ⇔ ⎨
⎪x + y = π ⎪x + y = π
⎩⎪ 3 ⎩⎪ 3
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⎧x− y ⎧ π
⎪⎪ 2 = k 2 π ⎧ x − y = 4 k π ⎪⎪ x = + k 2π
⎪ 6
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨ π ⇔⎨ (k ∈ Z )
⎪x + y = π x + y = π
⎪⎩ ⎩⎪ 3 ⎪ y = − k 2π
⎪⎩
3 6
Caùc h 2:
Heä ñaõ cho
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪⎪ y = 3 − x ⎪⎪ y = 3 − x
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
⎪sin x + sin ⎛⎜ π − x ⎞⎟ = 1 ⎪ 3 cos x + 1 sin x = 1
⎪⎩ ⎝3 ⎠ ⎪⎩ 2 2
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪⎪ y = 3 − x ⎪⎪
y =
3
−x
⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
⎛ π ⎞
⎪sin ⎜ + x ⎟ = 1 ⎪ π + x = π + k 2π
⎩⎪ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎪⎩ 3 2
⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = + k 2π
6
⇔⎨ k∈
π
⎪ y = − k 2π
⎪⎩ 6
⎧⎪sin x + sin y = 2 (1)

Baø i 175: Giaû i heä phöông trình: ⎨
⎪⎩cos x + cos y = 2 (2)
Caùc h 1:
⎧ x+y x−y
⎪⎪2 sin 2 cos 2 = 2 (1)
Heä ñaõ cho ⇔⎨
⎪2 cos x + y cos x − y = 2 (2)
⎪⎩ 2 2
Laáy (1) chia cho (2) ta ñöôïc :
⎛x+ y⎞ x−y
tg ⎜ ⎟ = 1 ( do cos = 0 khoân g laø nghieä m cuû a (1) vaø (2) )
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
x+ y π
⇔ = + kπ
2 4
π π
⇔ x + y = + k 2 π ⇔ y = − x + k 2π
2 2
⎛π ⎞
thay vaø o (1) ta ñöôïc : sin x + sin ⎜ − x + k2π ⎟ = 2
⎝2 ⎠
⇔ sin x + cos x = 2
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⎛ π⎞
⇔ 2 cos ⎜ x − ⎟ = 2
⎝ 4⎠
π
⇔ x − = h 2π, h ∈
4
⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 4 + h 2π, h ∈
Do ñoù : heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨
⎪ y = π + ( k − h ) 2π, k , h ∈
⎪⎩ 4
⎧A = B ⎧A + C = B + D
Caù c h 2: Ta coù ⎨ ⇔⎨
⎩C = D ⎩A − C = B − D
Heä ñaõ cho
⎧⎪( sin x − cos x ) + ( sin y − cos y ) = 0
⇔⎨
⎪⎩( sin x + cos x ) + ( sin y − cos y ) = 2 2
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
⎪ 2 sin ⎜ x − 4⎠
⎟ + 2 sin ⎜ y − ⎟ = 0
4⎠
⎪ ⎝ ⎝
⇔⎨
⎪ 2 sin ⎛ x + π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟ + 2 sin ⎜ y + ⎟ = 2 2
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ x − 4 ⎟ + sin ⎜ y − 4 ⎟ = 0
⎧ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎪ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎪sin ⎜ x − 4 ⎟ + sin ⎜ y − 4 ⎟ = 0 ⎪ ⎛
⎪ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ π⎞
⇔⎨ ⇔ ⎨sin ⎜ x + ⎟ = 1
⎪sin ⎛ x + π ⎞ + sin ⎛ y + π ⎞ = 2 ⎪ ⎝ 4⎠
⎪⎩ ⎝⎜ 4⎠
⎟ ⎜
⎝ 4⎠
⎟ ⎪ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ y + ⎟ = 1
⎩ ⎝ 4⎠
⎧ π π
⎪ x + = + k 2π
⎪ 4 2
⎪ π π
⇔ ⎨ y + = + h 2π
⎪ 4 2
⎪ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ x − 4 ⎟ + sin ⎜ y − 4 ⎟ = 0
⎩ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 4 + k2π
⇔⎨
⎪ y = π + h2π, h, k ∈ Z
⎪⎩ 4
⎧⎪tgx − tgy − tgxtgy = 1 (1)

⎪⎩cos 2y + 3 cos 2x = −1 (2)
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Ta coù : tgx − tgy = 1 + tgxtgy

⎧1 + tgxtgy = 0
⎧⎪tg ( x − y ) = 1 ⎪
⇔⎨ ∨ ⎨tgx − tgy = 0
⎪⎩1 + tgxtgy ≠ 0 ⎪
⎩1 + tg x = 0 (VN)
2
π π
⇔ x − y = + kπ ( k ∈ Z) , vôù i x, y ≠ + kπ
4 2
π π
⇔ x = y + + kπ, vôù i x, y ≠ + kπ
4 2
⎛ π ⎞
Thay vaøo (2) ta ñöôïc : cos 2y + 3 cos ⎜ 2y + + k2π ⎟ = −1
⎝ 2 ⎠
⇔ cos 2 y − 3 s in 2 y = −1
3 1 1 ⎛ π⎞ 1
⇔ s in 2 y − cos 2 y = ⇔ sin ⎜ 2 y − ⎟ =
2 2 2 ⎝ 6⎠ 2
π π π 5π
⇔ 2 y − = + h 2π hay 2 y − = + h 2π ( h ∈ Z )
6 6 6 6
π π
⇔ y = + hπ, h ∈ hay y = + hπ, h ∈ ( loï ai)
6 2
Do ñoù :
⎧ 5π
⎪⎪ x = 6 + ( k + h ) π
Heä ñaõ cho ⇔⎨ ( h, k ∈ Z )
⎪ y = π + hπ
⎪⎩ 6
⎧⎪cos3 x − cos x + sin y = 0 (1)

Baø i 177: Giaû i heä phöông trình ⎨ 3
⎪⎩sin x − sin y + cos x = 0 (2)
Laáy (1) + (2) ta ñöôïc : sin3 x + cos3 x = 0

⇔ sin 3 x = − cos3 x
⇔ tg 3 x = −1
⇔ tgx = −1
π
⇔x=− + kπ (k ∈ Z)
4
Thay vaøo (1) ta ñöôïc :
sin y = cos x − cos3 x = cos x (1 − cos2 x )
1
= cos x. sin 2 x =sin 2x sin x
2
1 ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π ⎞
= sin ⎜ − ⎟ sin ⎜ − + kπ ⎟
2 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
1 ⎛ π ⎞
= − sin ⎜ − + kπ ⎟
2 ⎝ 4 ⎠
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⎧ 2
⎪ (neá u k chaü n)
⎪ 4
=⎨
⎪− 2 (neá u k leû )
⎪⎩ 4
2
Ñaë t sin α = (vôù i 0 < α < 2π )
4
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪ x = − 4 + 2mπ, m ∈ ⎪ x = − 4 + ( 2m + 1) π, m ∈
⎪ ⎪
Vaäy nghieäm heä ⎨ ∨⎨
y = α + h2π, h ∈ y = −α + 2hπ, h ∈
⎪⎡ ⎪⎡
⎪⎩ ⎢⎣ y = π − α + h2π, h ∈ ⎪⎩ ⎢⎣ y = π + α + h2π, h ∈
II. GIAÛI HEÄ BAÈNG PHÖÔNG PHAÙP COÄNG
⎧ 1
⎪sin x.cos y = − (1 )
Baø i 178: Giaû i heä phöông trình: ⎨ 2
⎪tgx.cotgy = 1
⎩ ( 2)
Ñieà u kieän : cos x.sin y ≠ 0

⎧1 1
⎪⎪ 2 ⎡
⎣ sin ( x + y ) + sin ( x − y ) ⎤
⎦ = −
2
Caù c h 1: Heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨
⎪ sin x.cos y
−1 = 0
⎩⎪ cos x.sin y
⎧⎪sin ( x + y ) + sin ( x − y ) = −1
⇔⎨
⎪⎩sin x cos y − sin y cos x = 0
⎪⎧sin ( x + y ) + sin ( x − y ) = −1
⇔⎨
⎪⎩sin ( x − y ) = 0
⎧⎪sin ( x + y ) = −1
⇔⎨
⎪⎩sin ( x − y ) = 0
⎧ π
⎪ x + y = − + k2π, k ∈
⇔⎨ 2
⎪⎩ x − y = hπ, h ∈
⎧ π π
⎪⎪ x = − + ( 2k + h ) , k, h ∈
4 2
⇔⎨
⎪ y = − π + ( 2k − h ) π , k, h ∈
⎪⎩ 4 2
(nhaä n do sin y cos x ≠ 0)
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sin x cos y
Caù c h 2: ( 2) ⇔ = 1 ⇔ sin x cos y = cos x sin y
cos x sin y
⎧ 1
⎪⎪sin x cos y = − 2 ( 3)
Theá (1) vaø o ( 2 ) ta ñöôï c: ⎨
⎪cos x sin y = − 1 ( 4)
⎪⎩ 2
⎧⎪sin ( x + y ) = −1 ( 3) + ( 4 )
⇔⎨
⎪⎩sin ( x − y ) = 0 ( 3) − ( 4 )
⎧ π
⎪ x + y = − + k 2π, k ∈
⇔⎨ 2
⎪⎩ x − y = hπ, h ∈
⎧ π π
⎪⎪ x = − 4 + ( 2k + h ) 2
⇔⎨ ( h, k ∈ Z )
⎪ y = − π + ( 2k − h ) π
⎪⎩ 4 2
III. GIAÛ I HEÄ BAÈN G AÅ N PHUÏ
Baø i 179: Giaû i heä phöông trình:

⎧ 2 3
⎪tgx + tgy =
⎪
(1)
3
⎨
⎪cotgx + cotgy = −2 3
⎪⎩ ( 2)
3
Ñaë t X = tgx, Y = tgy

⎧ 2 3 ⎧ 2 3
⎪X + Y = ⎪X + Y =
⎪ 3 ⎪ 3
Heä ñaõ cho thaø n h: ⎨ ⇔⎨
⎪1 1 2 3 ⎪Y + X = − 2 3
⎪⎩ X + Y = − 3 ⎪⎩ YX 3
⎧ 2 3
⎧ 2 3 ⎪X + Y =
⎪X + Y = ⎪ 3
⇔⎨ 3 ⇔⎨
⎪ ⎪ 2 2 3
⎩ XY = −1 ⎪⎩ X − 3 X − 1 = 0
⎧X = 3 ⎧ 3
⎪ ⎪X = −
⇔⎨ 3∨⎨ 3
⎪Y = − ⎪Y = 3
⎩ 3 ⎩
Do ñoù :
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⎧ tgx = 3 ⎧ 3
⎪ ⎪tgx = −
Heä ñaõ cho : ⇔ ⎨ 3∨⎨ 3
⎪ tgy = − ⎪tgy = 3
⎩ 3 ⎩
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 3 + k π, k ∈ ⎪⎪ x = − 6 + k π, k ∈
⇔⎨ ∨⎨
π
⎪ y = − + hπ, h ∈ ⎪ y = π + hπ, h ∈
⎪⎩ 6 ⎪⎩ 3
⎧ 1
⎪sin x + sin y =
Baø i 180: Cho heä phöông trình: ⎨ 2
⎪⎩cos 2x + cos 2y = m
1
a/ Giaû i heä phöông trình khi m = −
2
b/ Tìm m ñeå heä coù nghieä m .
⎧ 1
⎪sin x + sin y = 2
Heä ñaõ cho ⇔⎨
⎪(1 − 2 sin 2 x ) + (1 − 2 sin 2 y ) = m
⎩
⎧ 1
⎪⎪sin x + sin y = 2
⇔⎨
⎪sin 2 x + sin 2 y = 2 − m
⎪⎩ 2
⎧ 1
⇔⎨
⎪( sin x + sin y )2 − 2 sin x sin y = 1 − m
⎪⎩ 2
⎧ 1
⇔⎨
⎪ 1 − 2 sin x sin y = 1 − m
⎪⎩ 4 2
⎧ 1
⇔⎨
⎪sin x sin y = − 3 + m
⎪⎩ 8 4
Ñaë t X = sin x, Y = sin y vôù i X , Y ≤ 1
thì X, Y laø nghieäm cuûa heä phöông trình
1 m 3
t2 − t + − = 0 ( *)
2 4 8
1
a/ Khi m = − thì ( *) thaønh :
2
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1 1
t2 − t− =0
2 2
⇔ 2t − t − 1 = 0
2
1
⇔ t =1∨ t = −
2
⎧sin x = 1 ⎧ 1
⎪ ⎪sin x = −
Vaäy heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨ 1∨⎨ 2
⎪⎩sin y = −
2 ⎪⎩sin y = 1
⎧ π ⎧ h π
⎪⎪ x = 2 + k 2π, k ∈ ⎪⎪ x = −(−1) 6 + hπ, h ∈
⇔⎨ ∨⎨
⎪ y = −(−1) h π + hπ, h ∈ ⎪ y = π + k 2π, k ∈
⎩⎪ 6 ⎩⎪ 2
m 1 3
b/ Ta coù : ( *) ⇔ = −t 2 + t +
4 2 8
1 3
Xeù t y = −t 2 + t + ( C ) treâ n D = [ −1,1]
2 8
1
thì: y ' = −2t +
2
1
y' = 0 ⇔ t =
4
Heä ñaõ cho coù nghieä m ⇔ ( * ) coù 2 nghieä m treâ n [ -1,1]

m
⇔ (d ) y = caé t (C) taï i 2 ñieå m hoặc tiếp xúc treâ n [ -1,1]
4
1 m 7
⇔− ≤ ≤
8 4 16
1 7
⇔− ≤m≤
2 4
Caù c h khaù c
ycbt ⇔ f (t ) = 8t 2 − 4t − 3 + 2m = 0 coù 2 nghieäm t1 , t 2 thoû a
⇔ −1 ≤ t1 ≤ t2 ≤ 1
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⎧Δ / = 28 − 16m ≥ 0
⎪
⎪⎪af (1) = 1 + 2m ≥ 0 1 7
⇔ ⎨af (−1) = 9 + 2m ≥ 0 ⇔ − ≤ m ≤
⎪ 2 4
S
⎪−1≤ = ≤ 1 1
⎪⎩ 2 4
⎧⎪sin2 x + mtgy = m
Baø i 181: Cho heä phöông trình: ⎨ 2
⎪⎩tg y + m sin x = m
a/ Giaû i heä khi m = -4
b/ Vôù i giaù trò naø o cuû a m thì heä coù nghieä m .
Ñaë t X = sin x vôù i X ≤ 1

Y = tgy
⎧⎪ X 2 + mY = m (1 )
Heä thaøn h: ⎨ 2
⎪⎩ Y + mX = m ( 2)
Laáy (1) – (2) ta ñöôïc : X 2 − Y 2 + m ( Y − X ) = 0
⇔ ( X − Y )( X + Y − m ) = 0
⇔ X = Y∨Y =m−X
⎧X = Y ⎧⎪Y = m − X
Heä thaøn h ⎨ 2 hay ⎨ 2
⎩ X + mX = m ⎪⎩ X + m ( m − X ) = m
⎧⎪ X = Y ⎧⎪ Y = m − X
⇔⎨ 2 ∨⎨ 2
⎪⎩ X + mX − m = 0 ( *) ⎪⎩ X − mX + m − m = 0 ( * *)
2
a/Khi m = -4 ta ñöôï c heä
⎧X = Y ⎧⎪ Y = −4 − X
⎨ 2 ∨⎨ 2
⎩ X − 4X + 4 = 0 ⎩⎪ X + 4X + 20 = 0 ( voâ nghieä m )
⎧⎪ X = 2 ( loaï i do X ≤ 1)
⇔⎨
⎪⎩ Y = 2
Vaäy heä ñaõ cho voâ nghieä m khi m = 4.
b/ Ta coù (*) ⇔ X 2 + mX − m = 0 vôù i X ≤ 1
⇔ X 2 = m (1 − X )
X2
⇔ = m ( do m khoâ ng laø nghieä m cuû a *)
1− X
X2 − X 2 + 2X
Xeù t Z = treâ n [ −1,1) ⇒ Z ' = ;
1−X (1 − X )
2
Z' = 0 ⇔ X = 0 ∨ X = 2
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⎧⎪ X = Y ( X ≤ 1)
Do ñoù heä ⎨ 2 coù nghieä m ⇔ m ≥ 0
⎪⎩ X + mX − m = 0
Xeù t (**): X 2 − mX + m2 − m = 0
Ta coù Δ = m 2 − 4 ( m 2 − m ) = −3m 2 + 4m
4
Δ≥0⇔0≤m≤
3
Keá t luaän : i Khi m ≥ 0 thì (I) coù nghieä m neâ n heä ñaõ cho coù nghieä m
i Khi m < 0 thì (I) voâ nghieäm maø (**) cuø n g voâ nghieä m
(do Δ < 0) neâ n heä ñaõ cho voâ nghieä m
Do ñoù : Heä coù nghieä m ⇔ m ≥ 0
Caù c h khaù c
Heä coù nghieä m ⇔ f (X) = X 2 + mX − m = 0 (*)hay
g(X) = X 2 − mX + m2 − m = 0 (**) coù nghieä m treân [-1,1]
⎧Δ1 = m 2 + 4m ≥ 0
⎪
⎪⎪af (1) ≥ 0
⇔ f (−1) f (1) ≤ 0 hay ⎨af (−1) ≥ 0
⎪
⎪ −1 ≤ S = − m ≤ 1
⎪⎩ 2 2
⎧Δ 2 = −3m + 4m ≥ 0
2
⎪
⎪⎪ag (−1) = m + 1 ≥ 0
2
hay g (−1) g (1) ≤ 0 hay ⎨ag ( 1) = (m − 1) 2 ≥ 0

⎪
⎪−1≤ S = m ≤ 1
⎪⎩ 2 2
⎧Δ1 = m + 4m ≥ 0
2
⎪ 4
⇔ 1 − 2m ≤ 0 hay ⎨1 − 2m ≥ 0 hay m = 1 hay 0 ≤ m ≤
⎪ −2 ≤ m ≤ 2 3
⎩
⇔m≥0
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IV. HEÄ KHOÂNG MAÃU MÖÏC
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪tgx + cotgx = 2sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ (1)
⎪ ⎝ ⎠
⎪tgy + cotgy = 2sin ⎛ x - π ⎞ (2)
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Caù c h 1:
sinα cos α sin2 α + cos2 α 2
Ta coù : tgα + cotgα= + = =
cosα sin α sin α cos α sin 2α
⎧ 1 ⎛ π⎞
⎪ sin 2x = sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ (1)
⎪ ⎝ ⎠
Vaäy heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨
⎪ 1 = sin ⎛ x − π ⎞ (2)
⎪⎩ sin 2y ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪1 = sin 2x sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ (1)
⎪ ⎝ ⎠
⇔⎨
⎪1 = sin 2y. sin ⎛ x − π ⎞ (2)
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
⎧sin 2x = 1 ⎧sin 2x = −1
⎪ ⎪
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ ⎨ ⎛ π⎞ ∨⎨ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ = 1 ⎪sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ = −1
⎩ ⎝ ⎠ ⎩ ⎝ ⎠
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 4 + kπ, k ∈ ⎪⎪ x = − 4 + kπ, k ∈
⇔⎨ ∨⎨
⎪ y = π + h2π, h ∈ ⎪ y = − 3π + h2π, h ∈
⎩⎪ 4 ⎩⎪ 4
⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 4 + kπ, k ∈
Thay ⎨ vaø o (2) ta ñöôï c
π
⎪ y = + h2π, h ∈
⎪⎩ 4
⎛ π⎞ π
sin 2y.sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = sin .sin kπ = 0 ≠ 1 (loaï i )
⎝ 4⎠ 2
⎧ −π
⎪⎪ x = 4 + kπ, k ∈
Thay ⎨ vaø o (2) ta ñöôï c
⎪y = − 3 π
+ h2π, h ∈
⎪⎩ 4
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ π ⎞
sin 2y. sin ⎜ x − ⎟ = sin ⎜ − ⎟ sin ⎜ − + kπ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ π ⎞ ⎧1 ( neá u k leû )
= sin ⎜ − + kπ ⎟ = ⎨
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎩−1 ( neá u k chaü n)
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Do ñoù heä coù nghieä m

⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = − + ( 2m + 1) π
4
⎨ ( m, h ∈ Z ) •
⎪ y = − 3π + h2π
⎪⎩ 4
Caù c h 2:
Do baá t ñaú n g thöùc Cauchy
tgx + cotgx ≥ 2
1
daá u = xaû y ra ⇔ tgx = cotgx ⇔ tgx=
tgx
⇔ tgx = ±1
Do ñoù :
⎛ π⎞
tgx+cotgx ≥ 2 ≥ 2 sin ⎜ y + ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
Daá u = taï i (1) chæ xaû y ra khi
⎧tgx = 1 ⎧tgx = −1
⎪ ⎪
⇔⎨ ⎛ π⎞ ∨⎨ ⎛ π⎞
⎪sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ = 1 ⎪sin ⎜ y + 4 ⎟ = −1
⎩ ⎝ ⎠ ⎩ ⎝ ⎠
⎧ π ⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = 4 + kπ, k ∈ ⎪⎪ x = − 4 + kπ, k ∈
⇔⎨ (I) ∨ ⎨ (II)
⎪ y = π + h2π, h ∈ ⎪ y = − 3π + h2π, h ∈
⎩⎪ 4 ⎩⎪ 4
⎛ π⎞
thay (I) vaø o (2): tgy + cotgy=2sin ⎜ x - ⎟
⎝ 4⎠
ta thaá y 2 = 2sin kπ = 0 khoâ n g thoûa
⎛ π ⎞
thay (II) vaøo (2) ta thaáy 2 = 2 sin ⎜ − + k π ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
chæ thoûa khi k leû
⎧ π
⎪⎪ x = − 4 + ( 2m + 1) π
Vaäy : heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨ , m, h ∈
⎪ y = − 3π + 2hπ
⎪⎩ 4
Baø i 183: Cho heä phöông trình:

⎧⎪ x − y = m (1)
⎨
⎪⎩2 ( cos 2x + cos 2y ) − 1 − 4 cos m = 0 (2)
2
Tìm m ñeå heä phöông trình coù nghieä m .
⎧⎪ x − y = m
Heä ñaõ cho ⇔ ⎨
⎪⎩4 cos ( x + y ) cos ( x − y ) = 1 + 4 cos m
2
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⎧⎪ x − y = m
⇔⎨
⎪⎩−4 cos ( x + y ) cos m + 4 cos m + 1 = 0
2
⎧⎪ x − y = m
⇔⎨
⎪⎩[2 cos m − cos ( x + y )] + 1 − cos ( x + y ) = 0
2 2
⎧⎪ x − y = m
⇔⎨
⎪⎩[2 cos m − cos ( x + y )] + sin ( x + y ) = 0
2 2
⎧x − y = m
⎪
⇔ ⎨cos ( x + y ) = 2 cos m
⎪
⎩sin ( x + y ) = 0
⎧x − y = m
⎪
⇔ ⎨ x + y = kπ , k ∈
⎪cos(kπ) = 2 cos m
⎩
π 2π
Do ñoù heä coù nghieä m ⇔ m = ± + h2π ∨ m = ± + h2π, h ∈
3 3
BAØI TAÄP
1. Giaû i caùc heä phöông trình sau:

⎧sin x + sin y = 2 ⎧tgx + tgy + tgxtgy = 1
a/ ⎨ 2 f /⎨
⎩sin x + sin y = 2 ⎩3sin 2y − 2 = cos 4x
2
⎧ 1 ⎧ 3
⎪⎪sin x sin y = − 2 ⎪⎪sin x − sin 2y =
2
b/⎨ g/⎨
⎪cos x cos y = 1 ⎪cos x + cos 2y = 1
⎪⎩ 2 ⎩⎪ 2
⎧⎪ 2 cos x = 1 + cos y ⎧cos ( x + y ) = 2 cos ( x − y )
⎪
c/⎨ h/⎨ 3
⎩⎪ 2 sin x = sin y ⎪cos x.cos y =
⎩ 4
⎧ 1
⎪sin x cos y = ⎧sin x = 7 cos y
d/⎨ 4 k/⎨
⎪⎩3tgx = tgy ⎩5 sin y = cos x − 6
⎧⎪sin 2 x = cos x cos y ⎧tgx + tgy = 1

⎪
e/⎨ 2 l/⎨ x y
⎪⎩cos x = sin x sin y ⎪⎩tg 2 + tg 2 = 2
⎧cos x cos y = m + 1
2.Cho heä phöông trình: ⎨
⎩sin x sin y = 4m + 2m
2
1
a/ Giaû i heä khi m = −
4
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⎛ 3 1 ⎞
b/ Tìm m ñeå heä coù nghieä m ⎜ ÑS − ≤ m ≤ − hay m=0 ⎟
⎝ 4 4 ⎠
3. Tìm a ñeå heä sau ñaây coù nghieäm duy nhaá t:
⎧⎪ y 2 + tg 2 x = 1
⎨
⎪⎩ y + 1 = ax + a + sin x
2
( ÑS a= 2)
4. Tìm m ñeå caùc heä sau ñaâ y coù nghieä m .
⎪⎧cos x = m cos y
3
⎧sin x cos y = m 2
a/⎨ b / ⎨
⎩⎪sin x = m cos y ⎩sin y cos x = m
3
⎛ 1- 5 1+ 5 ⎞
( ÑS 1 ≤ m ≤ 2) ⎜⎜ ÑS
2
≤m≤
2
⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠
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CHÖÔNG X:
HEÄ THÖÙC LÖÔÏNG TRONG TAM GIAÙC
I. ÑÒNH LYÙ HAØ M SIN VAØ COSIN
Cho ΔABC coù a, b, c laà n löôït laø ba caï n h ñoá i dieä n cuûa A,mm
B, l
C, R laø
baù n kính ñöôø n g troø n ngoaï i tieá p ΔABC , S laø dieä n tích ΔABC thì
a b c
= = = 2R
sin A sin B sin C
a 2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A = b2 + c2 − 4S.cotgA
b2 = a 2 + c 2 − 2ac cos B = a 2 + c 2 − 4S.cotgB
c2 = a 2 + b2 − 2ab cos C = a 2 + b2 − 4S.cotgC
Baø i 184 Cho ΔABC . Chöù n g minh:

A = 2B ⇔ a 2 = b2 + bc
Ta coù : a 2 = b2 + bc ⇔ 4R2 sin2 A = 4R2 sin2 B + 4R2 sin B.sin C

⇔ sin 2 A − sin 2 B = sin B sin C
1 1
⇔ (1 − cos 2A ) − (1 − cos 2B ) = sin B sin C
2 2
⇔ cos 2B − cos 2A = 2 sin B sin C
⇔ −2 sin ( B + A ) sin ( B − A ) = 2 sin B sin C
⇔ sin ( B + A ) sin ( A − B ) = sin B sin C
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = sin B ( do sin ( A + B ) = sin C > 0 )
⇔ A − B = B ∨ A − B = π − B ( loaï i )
⇔ A = 2B
Caùc h khaù c :
sin 2 A − sin 2 B = sin B sin C
⇔ (s in A − sin B) (s in A + sin B) = sin B sin C
A+B A−B A+B A−B
⇔ 2 cos sin .2 sin co s = sin B sin C
2 2 2 2
⇔ sin ( B + A ) sin ( A − B ) = sin B sin C
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = sin B ( do sin ( A + B ) = sin C > 0)
⇔ A − B = B ∨ A − B = π − B ( loaï i )
⇔ A = 2B
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sin ( A − B ) a 2 − b2
Baø i 185: Cho ΔABC . Chöù n g minh: =
sin C c2
a 2 − b2 4R 2 sin2 A − 4R 2 sin2 B
Ta coù =
c2 4R 2 sin2 C
1 1
sin 2 A − sin 2 B 2 (
1 − cos 2A ) − (1 − cos 2B )
= = 2
sin C
2
sin C
2
cos 2B − cos 2A −2 sin ( A + B ) sin ( B − A )

= =
2 sin 2 C 2 sin 2 C
sin ( A + B ) . sin ( A − B ) sin ( A − B )
= =
sin 2 C sin C
( do sin ( A + B ) = sin C > 0)
A B 1
Baø i 186: Cho ΔABC bieá t raè n g tg ⋅ tg = ⋅
2 2 3
Chöù n g minh a + b = 2c
A B 1 A B A B
Ta coù : tg ⋅ tg = ⇔ 3sin sin = cos cos
2 2 3 2 2 2 2
⎛ A B ⎞
⎜ do cos > 0, cos > 0 ⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
A B A B A B
⇔ 2 sin sin = cos cos − sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
⎡ A+B A − B⎤ A+B
⇔ − ⎢cos − cos ⎥ = cos
⎣ 2 2 ⎦ 2
A−B A+B
⇔ cos = 2 cos ( *)
2 2
Maë t khaùc : a + b = 2R ( sin A + sin B )
A+B A−B
= 4R sin cos
2 2
A+B A+B
= 8R sin
2
cos
2
( do ( *) )
= 4R sin ( A + B )
= 4R sin C = 2c
Caùc h khaù c :
a + b = 2c
⇔ 2R ( sin A + sin B ) = 4R sin C
A+B A−B C C
⇔ 2 sin cos = 4 sin cos
2 2 2 2
A−B C A+B ⎛ A+B C ⎞
⇔ cos = 2 sin = 2 cos ⎜ do sin = cos ⎟
2 2 2 ⎝ 2 2 ⎠
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A B A B A B A B
⇔ cos cos + sin sin = 2 cos cos − 2 sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B A B
⇔ 3 sin sin = cos cos
2 2 2 2
A B 1
⇔ tg ⋅ tg =
2 2 3
Baø i 187: Cho ΔABC , chöù n g minh neá u cotgA, cotgB, cotgC taï o moä t caá p soá
coä n g thì a 2 , b2 , c2 cuõ n g laø caá p soá coä n g.
Ta coù : cot gA, cot gB, cot gC laø caá p soá coä ng ⇔ cot gA + cot gC = 2 cot gB ( * )
Caù c h 1:
sin ( A + C ) 2 cos B
Ta coù : ( *) ⇔ = ⇔ sin 2 B = 2 sin A sin C cos B
sin A sin C sin B
⇔ sin B = − ⎣⎡cos ( A + C ) − cos ( A − C ) ⎦⎤ ⎣⎡ − cos ( A + C ) ⎦⎤
2
⇔ sin 2 B = cos2 ( A + C ) − cos ( A − C ) cos ( A + C )

1
⇔ sin 2 B = cos2 B − [cos 2A + cos 2C]
2
1
⇔ sin 2B = (1 − sin 2 B ) − ⎡⎣(1 − 2 sin 2 A ) + (1 − 2 sin 2 C ) ⎤⎦
2
⇔ 2 sin 2 B = sin 2 A + sin2 C
2b2 a2 c2
⇔ = +
4R 2 4R 2 4R 2
⇔ 2b2 = a 2 + c2
⇔ a 2 , b2 , c2 laø caâ ù p soá coä ng •
Caù c h 2:
Ta coù : a 2 = b2 + c 2 − 2ab cos A
⎛1 ⎞
⇔ a 2 = b2 + c2 − 4 ⎜ bc sin A ⎟ .cotgA
⎝2 ⎠
⇔ a = b + c − 4S cot gA
2 2 2
b2 + c 2 − a 2
Do ñoù cotgA =
4S
a 2 + c 2 − b2 a 2 + b2 − c 2
Töông töï cotgB = , cotgC =
4S 4S
b +c −a
2 2 2
a + b − c2
2 2
a 2 + c 2 − b2
Do ñoù : ( *) ⇔ + = 2⋅
4S 4S 4S
⇔ 2b = a + c
2 2 2
Baø i 188: Cho ΔABC coù sin2 B + sin2 C = 2sin2 A

n ≤ 600.
Chöù n g minh BAC
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Ta coù : sin 2 B + sin 2 C = 2 sin 2 A

b2 c2 2a 2
⇔ + =
4R 2 4R 2 4R 2
⇔ b2 + c 2 = 2a 2 ( *)
Do ñònh lyù haø m cosin neâ n ta coù
a 2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A
b2 + c 2 − a 2 2 ( b2 + c 2 ) − b2 − c 2
⇔ cos A = = ( do ( *))
2bc 4bc
b2 + c 2 2bc 1
= ≥ = ( do Cauchy )
4bc 4bc 2
n ≤ 600.
Vaï â y : BAC
Caùc h khaù c :
ñònh lyù haøm cosin cho
a 2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A ⇒ b2 + c2 = a 2 + 2bc cos A
Do ñoù
(*) ⇔ a 2 + 2bc cos A = 2a 2
a2 b 2 + c2 1
⇔ cos A = = ≥ ( do Cauchy)
2bc 4 bc 2
Baø i 189: Cho ΔABC . Chöù n g minh :

R ( a 2 + b2 + c 2 )
cotgA+cotgB+cotgC =
abc
b + c − a2
2 2
Ta coù : cotgA =
4S
a +c −b
2 2 2
a 2 + b2 − c 2
Töông töï : cot gB = , cot gC =
4S 4S
a +b +c
2 2 2
a 2 + b2 + c 2
Do ñoù cot gA + cot gB + cot gC = =
4S abc
4
4R
a +b +c
2 2 2
=R
abc
Baø i 190: Cho ΔABC coù 3 goùc A, B, C taï o thaøn h moä t caá p soá nhaâ n coù coâ n g
boä i q = 2. Giaû söû A < B < C.
1 1 1
Chöù n g minh: = +
a b c
Do A, B, C laø caá p soá nhaâ n coù q = 2 neâ n B = 2A, C = 2B = 4A

π 2π 4π
Maø A + B + C = π neâ n A = , B = ,C =
7 7 7
Caù c h 1:
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1 1 1 1
Ta coù : + = +
b c 2R sin B 2R sin C
⎛ ⎞
1 ⎜ 1 1 ⎟
= ⎜ + ⎟
2R ⎜ 2π 4π ⎟
⎜ sin sin ⎟
⎝ 7 7 ⎠
4π 2π
sin + sin
1 7 7
=
2R 2π 4π
sin sin
7 7
3π π
2 sin . cos
1 7 7 ⎛ do sin 4 π = sin 3π ⎞
= ⋅ ⎜ ⎟
2R 2 π 3 π ⎝ 7 7 ⎠
sin . sin
7 7
π
cos
1 7 1
= ⋅ =
R π π 2R sin A
2 sin . cos
7 7
1
=
a
Caù c h 2:
1 1 1 1 1 1
= + ⇔ = +
a b c sin A sin B sin C
1 1 1 sin 4A + sin 2A
⇔ = + =
sin A sin 2A sin 4A sin 2A sin 4A
1 2 sin 3A. cos A 2 cos A 2 cos A
⇔ = = =
sin A sin 2A sin 4A sin 2A 2 sin A cos A
3π 4π
do : sin 3A = sin = sin = sin 4A •
7 7
Baø i 191: Tính caùc goù c cuûa ΔABC neá u
sin A sin B sin C
= =
1 3 2
a b c
Do ñònh lyù haø m sin: = = = 2R
sin A sin B sin C
sin A sin B sin C
neâ n : = = ( *)
1 3 2
a b c
⇔ = =
2R 2R 3 4R
b c ⎧⎪ b = a 3
⇔a= = ⇔⎨
3 2 ⎪⎩c = 2a
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( )
2
Ta coù : c 2 = 4a 2 = a 3 + a2
⇔ c 2 = b2 + a 2
Vaï â y ΔABC vuoâ ng taï i C
Thay sin C = 1 vaø o ( *) ta ñöôï c
sin A sin B 1
= =
1 3 2
⎧ 1
⎪⎪sin A = 2
⇔⎨
⎪sin B = 3
⎪⎩ 2
⎧⎪ A = 300
⇔⎨
⎪⎩B = 60
0
Ghi chuù:
Trong tam giaùc ABC ta coù
a = b ⇔ A = B ⇔ sin A = sin B ⇔ cos A = cos B
II. ÑÒNH LYÙ VEÀ ÑÖÔØN G TRUNG TUYEÁ N

Cho UABC coù trung tuyeá n AM thì:
BC2
AB2 + AC2 = 2AM2 +
2
a2
hay : c + b = 2m +
2 2 2
a
2
Baø i 192: Cho UABC coù AM trung tuyeá n , AMB n = α , AC = b, AB = c, S laø

dieä n tích UABC. Vôùi 0 < α < 90 0
b2 − c 2
a/ Chöù n g minh: cotgα =
4S
b/ Giaû söû α = 45 , chöù n g minh: cotgC – cotgB = 2
0
HM MB − BH
a/ UAHM vuoâ n g ⇒ cotgα = =
AH AH
a BH
⇒ cotgα = − (1)
2AH AH
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b2 − c 2 ( a + c − 2ac cos B ) − c
2 2 2
Maë t khaùc : =
4S 2AH.a
Ñaë t BC = a
b2 − c 2 a c cos B a BH
⇒ = − = − (2)
4S 2AH AH 2AH AH
b2 − c 2
Töø (1) vaø (2) ta ñöôïc : cotg α =
4S
Caùc h khaù c :
Goï i S1 , S 2 laà n löôï t laø dieä n tích tam giaù c ABH vaø ACH
Aù p duï n g ñònh lyù haø m cos trong tam giaùc ABH vaø ACH ta coù :
AM2 + BM2 − c 2
cotg α = (3)
4S1
AM2 + CM2 − b2
− cotg α = (4)
4S2
Laá y (3) – (4) ta coù :
b2 − c 2 S
cotg α = ( vì S1 =S 2 = )
4S 2
HC HB HC − HB
b/Ta coù : cotgC – cotgB = − =
AH AH AH
=
( MH + MC ) − ( MB − MH )
AH
2MH
= = 2 cotg α = 2 cotg 450 = 2
AH
Caùc h khaù c :
Aù p duï n g ñònh lyù haø m cos trong tam giaùc ABM vaø ACM ta coù :
BM2 + c 2 − AM2
cotg B = (5)
4S1
CM2 + b2 − AM2
cotg C = (6)
4S2
Laá y (6) – (5) ta coù :
b2 − c 2 S
cotg C − cot gB = = 2 cot gα =2 ( vì S1 =S 2 = vaø caâ u a )
2S 2
Baø i 193 Cho UABC coù trung tuyeá n phaù t xuaá t töø B vaø C laø mb , mc thoû a
c mb
= ≠ 1 . Chöù n g minh: 2cotgA = cotgB + cotgC
b mc
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c2 m2b
Ta coù : 2 = 2
b mc
1⎛ 2 b2 ⎞
⎜ a + c 2
− ⎟
c2 2 2 ⎠
⇔ 2 = ⎝
b 1⎛ 2 c2 ⎞
⎜ b + a 2
− ⎟
2⎝ 2⎠
c4 b4
⇔ b2 c 2 + a 2 c 2 − = a 2 b2 + b 2 c 2 −
2 2
1
⇔ a 2 c 2 − a 2 b2 = ( c 4 − b4 )
2
1
⇔ a 2 ( c 2 − b2 ) = ( c 2 − b2 )( c 2 + b2 )
2
⎛ c ⎞
⇔ 2a 2 = c 2 + b2 (1) ⎜ do ≠ 1 ⎟
⎝ b ⎠
Thay b + c = a + 2bc cos A vaøo (1), ta coù (1) thaøn h
2 2 2
a 2 = 2bc cos A
a2 4R 2 sin 2 A
⇔ cos A = =
2bc 2 ( 2R sin B ) ( 2R sin C )
cos A sin A sin ( B + C )
⇔2 = =
sin A sin B sin C sin B sin C
sinBcosC+ sinCcosB
⇔ 2 cotgA = = cotgC+ cotgB
sin B sin C
Baø i 194: Chöù n g minh neá u UABC coù trung tuyeá n AA’ vuoâ n g goù c vôù i trung
tuyeá n BB’ thì cotgC = 2 (cotgA + cotgB)
UGAB vuoâ n g taï i G coù GC’ trung tuyeá n neân AB = 2GC’

2
Vaäy AB = CC′
3
⇔ 9c 2 = 4m 2c
⎛ c2 ⎞
⇔ 9c 2 = 2 ⎜ b2 + a 2 − ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
⇔ 5c 2 = a 2 + b2
⇔ 5c2 = c2 + 2ab cos C (do ñònh lyù haøm cos)
⇔ 2c 2 = ab cos C
2
⇔ 2 ( 2R sin C ) = ( 2R sin A )( 2R sin B ) cos C
⇔ 2 sin2 C = sin A sin B cos C
2 sin C cos C
⇔ =
sin A sin B sin C
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2 sin ( A + B )
⇔ = cotgC
sin A sin B
2 ( sin A cos B + sin B cos A )
⇔ = cotgC
sin A sin B
⇔ 2 ( cotg B + cotgA ) = cotgC
III. DIEÄN TÍCH TAM GIAÙC
Goï i S: dieä n tích UABC
R: baù n kính ñöôø n g troø n ngoaï i tieáp UABC
r: baù n kính ñöôøn g troøn noä i tieá p UABC
p: nöûa chu vi cuû a UABC
thì
1 1 1
S= a.h a = b.h b = c.hc
2 2 2
1 1 1
S = ab sin C = ac sin B = bc sin A
2 2 2
abc
S=
4R
S = pr
S = p ( p − a ) ( p − b )( p − c )
2S
Baø i 195: Cho UABC chöù n g minh: sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C =
R2
Ta coù :
sin2A+ ( sin2B + sin2C )
= sin2A + 2sin(B + C).cos(B - C)
= 2sinAcosA + 2sinAcos(B - C)
= 2sinA[cosA + cos(B - C)]
= 2sinA[- cos(B + C) + cos(B - C)]
= 2sinA.[2sinB.sinC]
a b c 1 abc 1 4RS 2S
= 4. . . = = = 2
2R 2R 2R 2 R 3 2 R3 R
Baø i 196 Cho UABC. Chöù n g minh :

1
S = Dieä n tích (UABC) = ( a 2 sin 2B + b2 sin 2A )
4
1
Ta coù : S = dt ( ΔABC ) = ab sin C
2
1
= ab sin ( A + B )
2
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1
= ab [sin A cos B + sinB cos A ]
2
1 ⎡⎛ a ⎞ ⎛b ⎞ ⎤
= ab ⎢⎜ sin B ⎟ cos B + ⎜ sin A ⎟ cos A ⎥ (do ñl haø m sin)
2 ⎣⎝ b ⎠ ⎝a ⎠ ⎦
1 2
= ⎡⎣a sin B cos B+ b2 sin A cos A ⎤⎦
2
1 2
= ( a sin 2B + b2 sin 2A )
4
n = α, GBC
Baø i 197: Cho ΔABC coù troï n g taâ m G vaø GAB n = β, GCA
n = γ.
3 ( a 2 + b2 + c 2 )
Chöù n g minh: cotgα + cotgβ +cotgγ =
4S
Goï i M laø trung ñieå m BC, veõ MH ⊥ AB

AH
ΔAMH ⊥⇒ cos α =
AM
BH 2BH
ΔBHM ⊥⇒ cos B = =
MB a
Ta coù : AB = HA + HB
a
⇔ c = AM cos α + cos B
2
1 ⎛ a ⎞
⇔ cos α = ⎜ c − cos B ⎟ (1 )
AM ⎝ 2 ⎠
Maë t khaùc do aùp duï n g ñònh lyù haøm sin vaø o ΔAMB ta coù :
MB AM 1 a
= ⇔ sin α = MB sin B = sin B (2)
sin α sin B AM 2AM
Laáy (1) chia cho (2) ta ñöôïc :

a
c − cos B
2 2c − a cos B
cotgα = =
a b
sin B a.
2 2R
R ( 4c − 2a cos B ) R ( 4c − 2ac cos B )
2
= =
ab abc
3c + b − a
2 2 2
3c + b − a 2
2 2
= =
abc 4S
R
Chöù n g minh töông töï :
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3a 2 + c 2 − b2
cotgβ =
4S
3b + a 2 − c 2
2
cotgγ =
4S
Do ñoù :
cotgα + cotgβ + cotgγ
3c2 + b2 − a 2 3a 2 + c2 − b2 3b2 + a 2 − c 2
= + +
4S 4S 4S
3 (a + b + c )
2 2 2
=
4S
3 2
Caù c h khaù c : Ta coù m2a + m2b + mc2 =
4
( a + b2 + c2 ) (*)
a2
c2 + ma2 −
4 = 4c + 4ma − a (a)
2 2 2
cotgα =
4SΔABM 8S
4a 2 + 4m2b − b2 4b2 + 4mc2 − c2

Töông töï cotgβ = (b), cotgγ = (c)
8S 8S
Coä n g (a), (b), (c) vaø keá t hôï p (*) ta coù :
3 ( a 2 + b2 + c 2 )
cotg α + cotg β + cotg γ =
4S
IV. BAÙN KÍNH ÑÖÔØ N G TROØ N

Goï i R baù n kính ñöôøn g troø n ngoaï i tieá p ΔABC
vaø r baùn kính ñöôø n g troø n noä i tieá p ΔABC thì
a abc
R= =
2 sin A 4S
S
r=
p
A B C
r = ( p − a ) tg = ( p − b ) tg = ( p − c ) tg
2 2 2
Baø i 198: Goï i I laø taâ m ñöôø n g troø n noä i tieáp ΔABC .
Chöù n g minh:
A B C
a/ r = 4R sin sin sin
2 2 2
b/ IA.IB.IC = 4Rr 2
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B BH
a/ Ta coù : ΔIBH ⊥⇒ cotg=
2 IH
B
⇒ BH = rcotg
2
C
Töông töï HC = r cotg
2
Maø : BH + CH = BC
neâ n
⎛ B C⎞
r ⎜ cotg + cotg ⎟ = a
⎝ 2 2⎠
⎛B + C⎞
r sin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
⇔ =a
B C
sin sin
2 2
A B C
⇔ r cos = ( 2R sin A ) sin sin
2 2 2
A A A B C
⇔ r cos = 4R sin cos sin sin
2 2 2 2 2
A B C A
⇔ r = 4R sin sin sin . (do cos >0)
2 2 2 2
Α IK r
b/ Ta coù : Δ ⊥ ΑΚΙ ⇒ sin = ⇒ IA =
2 IA A
sin
2
r r
Töông töï IB = ; IC =
B C
sin sin
2 2
r 3
Do ñoù : IA.IB.IC =
A B C
sin sin sin
2 2 2
r3
= = 4Rr 2 (do keá t quaû caâ u a)
r
4R
Baø i 199: Cho ΔABC coù ñöôø n g troø n noä i tieá p tieá p xuùc caù c caïn h ΔABC taï i A’,
B’, C’. ΔA 'B 'C ' coù caùc caï n h laø a’, b’, c’ vaø dieä n tích S’. Chöù n g minh:
a' b ' C⎛ A B⎞
a/ + = 2 sin ⎜ sin + sin ⎟
a b 2⎝ 2 2⎠
S' A B C
b/ = 2 sin sin sin
S 2 2 2
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1n 1 1
a/ Ta coù : C n ' A 'B ' = C 'IB ' = ( π − A ) = ( B + C )
2 2 2
AÙ p duï n g ñònh lyù hình sin vaø o ΔA 'B 'C '
a'
= 2r (r: baù n kính ñöôø n g troø n noä i tieá p ΔABC )
sin A '
m' = 2r sin B + C (1)

⇒ a ' = 2r sin A
2
ΔABC coù : a = BC = BA '+ A 'C
B C
⇒ a = r cot g + r cot g
2 2
B+C
sin
⇒a=r 2 (2)
B C
sin sin
2 2
(1) a ′ B C
Laáy ta ñöôï c = 2 sin sin
(2) a 2 2
b' A C
Töông töï = 2 sin .sin
b 2 2
a ' b' C⎛ A B⎞
Vaäy + = 2 sin ⎜ sin + sin ⎟ .
a b 2⎝ 2 2⎠
1 1 1
b/ Ta coù : n
A 'C 'B ' = .B 'IA ' = ( π − C ) = ( A + B )
2 2 2
A+B C
Vaäy sin C ' = sin = cos
2 2
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1
a ' b 'sin C '
S ' dt ( ΔA 'B 'C ') 2
Ta coù : = =
S dt ( ΔABC ) 1
ab sin C
2
S ' ⎛ a ' ⎞ ⎛ b ' ⎞ sin C '
⇒ = ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
S ⎝ a ⎠ ⎝ b ⎠ sin C
C
cos
B C A 2
= 4 sin sin 2 sin ⋅
2 2 2 C C
2 sin cos
2 2
B C A
= 2 sin ⋅ sin ⋅ sin
2 2 2
Baø i 200: Cho ΔABC coù troï n g taâm G vaø taâ m ñöôøn g troø n noä i tieá p I. Bieá t GI
n . Chöù n g minh:
vuoâ n g goù c vôù i ñöôø n g phaân giaùc trong cuûa BCA
a+b+c 2ab
=
3 a+b
Veõ GH ⊥ AC, GK ⊥ BC, ID ⊥ AC
IG caé t AC taï i L vaø caé t BC taï i N
Ta coù : Dt(ΔCLN) = 2Dt(ΔLIC)
=ID.LC = r.LC (1)
Maë t khaùc :
Dt(ΔCLN) = Dt(ΔGLC) + Dt(ΔGCN)
1
= ( GH.LC + GK.CN ) (2)
2
Do ΔCLN caân neâ n LC = CN
Töø (1) vaø (2) ta ñöôïc :
1
rLC = LC ( GH + GK )
2
⇔ 2r = GH + GK
Goï i h a , h b laø hai ñöôø n g cao ΔABC phaù t xuaá t töø A, B
GK MG 1 GH 1
Ta coù : = = vaø =
ha MA 3 hb 3
1
Do ñoù : 2r = ( ha + h b ) (3)
3
1 1
Maø : S = Dt ( ΔABC ) = pr = a.ha = b.h b
2 2
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2pr 2pr
Do ñoù : ha = vaø h b =
a b
2 ⎛1 1⎞
Töø (3) ta coù : 2r =pr ⎜ + ⎟
3 ⎝a b⎠
1 ⎛a + b⎞
⇔ 1 = p⎜ ⎟
3 ⎝ ab ⎠
a+b+c a+b
⇔3= ⋅
2 ab
2ab a+b+c
⇔ =
a+b 3
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BAØI TAÄP
1. Cho ΔABC coù ba caïn h laø a, b, c. R vaø r laà n löôï t laø baùn kính ñöø ô ng troøn
ngoaï i tieá p vaø noä i tieá p ΔABC . Chöù n g minh:
C A B
a/ ( a − b ) cotg + ( b − c ) cotg + ( c − a ) cotg = 0
2 2 2
r
b/ 1 + = cos A + cos B + cos C
R
A B C
c/ Neá u cotg , cotg , cotg laø caá p soá coä n g thì a, b, c cuõn g laø caáp soá
2 2 2
coä n g.
d/ Dieä n tích ΔABC = R r ( sin A + sin B + sin C )
e/ Neá u : a 4 = b4 + c4 thì ΔABC coù 3 goùc nhoï n vaø 2sin2 A = tgB.tgC
8
2. Neá u dieän tích ( ΔABC ) = (c + a -b)(c + b -a) thì tgC =
15
3. Cho ΔABC coù ba goù c nhoï n . Goï i A’, B’, C’ laø chaâ n caù c ñöôø n g cao veõ töø
A, B, C. Goï i S, R, r laà n löôï t laø dieä n tích, baù n kính ñöôø n g troø n ngoaï i
tieá p , noä i tieá p ΔABC . Goï i S’, R’, r’ laà n löôï t laø dieän tích, baùn kính
ñöôø n g troø n ngoaï i tieá p , noä i tieá p cuû a ΔA 'B 'C ' . Chöù n g minh:
a/ S’ = 2ScosA.cosB.cosC
R
b/ R ' =
2
c/ r’ = 2RcosA.cosB.cosC
4. ΔABC coù ba caï n h a, b, c taïo moä t caá p soá coä n g. Vôù i a < b < c
Chöù n g minh :
a/ ac = 6Rr
A −C B
b/ cos = 2 sin
2 2
3r ⎛ C A⎞
c/ Coâ n g sai d = ⎜ tg − tg ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 2⎠
5. Cho ΔABC coù ba goù c A, B, C theo thöù töï taïo 1 caá p soá nhaâ n coù coâ n g
boä i q = 2. Chöù n g minh:
1 1 1
a/ = +
a b c
5
b/ cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C =
4
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CHÖÔNG XI:
NHAÄN DAÏNG TAM GIAÙC
I. TÍNH CAÙC GOÙC CUÛA TAM GIAÙC
Baø i 201: Tính caùc goùc cuûa ΔABC neáu :

3
sin ( B + C ) + sin ( C + A ) + cos ( A + B ) = ( *)
2
Do A+B+C= π
3
Neâ n : ( *) ⇔ sin A + sin B − cos C =
2
A+B A−B ⎛ C ⎞ 3
⇔ 2 sin cos − ⎜ 2 cos2 − 1 ⎟ =
2 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
C A−B C 1
⇔ 2 cos cos − 2 cos2 =
2 2 2 2
C C A−B
⇔ 4 cos2 − 4 cos cos +1 = 0
2 2 2
2
⎛ C A − B⎞ 2 A − B
⇔ ⎜ 2 cos − cos ⎟ + 1 − cos =0
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ 2
2
⎛ C A − B⎞ 2 A − B
⇔ ⎜ 2 cos − cos ⎟ + sin =0
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ 2
⎧ C A−B
⎪⎪2 cos 2 = cos 2
⇔⎨
⎪sin A − B = 0
⎪⎩ 2
⎧ C
⎪⎪2 cos 2 = cos 0 = 1 ⎧C π
⎪ =
⇔⎨ ⇔ ⎨2 3
⎪A − B = 0 ⎪⎩ A = B
⎪⎩ 2
⎧ π
⎪⎪ A = B = 6
⇔⎨
⎪C = 2π
⎪⎩ 3
Baø i 202: Tính caùc goù c cuûa ΔABC bieát :

5
cos 2A + 3 ( cos 2B + cos 2C ) + = 0 (*)
2
5
Ta coù : ( *) ⇔ 2 cos2 A − 1 + 2 3 ⎡⎣cos ( B + C ) cos ( B − C ) ⎤⎦ + = 0
2
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⇔ 4 cos2 A − 4 3 cos A. cos ( B − C ) + 3 = 0

2
⇔ ⎣⎡2 cos A − 3 cos ( B − C ) ⎤⎦ + 3 − 3 cos2 ( B − C ) = 0
2
⇔ ⎡⎣2 cos A − 3 cos ( B − C ) ⎤⎦ + 3 sin 2 ( B − C ) = 0
⎧sin ( B − C ) = 0 ⎧B − C = 0
⎪ ⎪
⇔⎨ 3 ⇔⎨ 3
⎪cos A = cos ( B − C ) ⎪cos A =
⎩ 2 ⎩ 2
⎧⎪ A = 300
⇔⎨
⎪⎩B = C = 75
0
Baø i 203: Chöù n g minh ΔABC coù C = 1200 neá u :

A B C
sin A + sin B + sin C − 2sin ⋅ sin = 2sin (*)
2 2 2
Ta coù
A+B A−B C C A B C
(*) ⇔ 2 sin cos + 2 sin cos = 2 sin sin + 2 sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C A−B C C A+B A B
⇔ 2 cos cos + 2 sin cos = 2 cos + 2 sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C⎛ A−B C⎞ A B
⇔ cos ⎜ cos + sin ⎟ = cos ⋅ cos
2⎝ 2 2⎠ 2 2
C⎡ A−B A + B⎤ A B
⇔ cos ⎢ cos + cos ⎥ = cos cos
2⎣ 2 2 ⎦ 2 2
C A B A B
⇔ 2 cos cos cos = cos cos
2 2 2 2 2
C 1 A B A B π
⇔ cos = (do cos > 0 vaø cos > 0 vì 0 < ; < )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
⇔ C = 120 0
Baø i 204: Tính caùc goù c cuûa ΔΑΒ C bieá t soá ño 3 goùc taï o caáp soá coän g vaø
3+ 3
sin A + sin B + sin C =
2
Khoân g laø m maá t tính chaá t toå n g quaù t cuû a baø i toaù n giaû söû A < B < C
Ta coù : A, B, C taï o 1 caáp soá coä n g neâ n A + C = 2B
π
Maø A + B + C = π neâ n B =
3
3+ 3
Luù c ñoù : sin A + sin B + sin C =
2
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π 3+ 3
⇔ sin A + sin + sin C =
3 2
3
⇔ sin A + sin C =
2
A+C A−C 3
⇔ 2 sin cos =
2 2 2
B A −C 3
⇔ 2 cos cos =
2 2 2
⎛ 3⎞ A−C 3
⇔ 2. ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ cos =
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 2
C−A 3 π
⇔ cos = = cos
2 2 6
Do C > A neâ n ΔΑΒ C coù :

⎧C − A π ⎧ π
⎪ 2 =6 ⎪C = 2
⎪ ⎪
⎪ 2π ⎪ π
⎨C + A = ⇔ ⎨A =
⎪ 3 ⎪ 6
⎪ π ⎪ π
⎪B = 3 ⎪B = 3
⎩ ⎩
Baø i 205: Tính caùc goùc cuûa ΔABC neá u
⎧⎪ b2 + c 2 ≤ a 2 (1 )
⎨
⎪⎩sin A + sin B + sin C = 1 + 2 ( 2)
b2 + c 2 − a 2
AÙ p duï n g ñònh lyù haø m cosin: cos A =
2bc
Do (1): b + c ≤ a neâ n cos A ≤ 0
2 2 2
π π A π
Do ñoù : ≤A<π⇔ ≤ <
2 4 2 2
A π 2
Vaäy cos ≤ cos = ( ∗)
2 4 2
B+C B−C
Maë t khaùc : sin A + sin B + sin C = sin A + 2sin cos
2 2
A B−C
= sin A + 2 cos cos
2 2
⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ B−C ⎞
≤ 1 + 2 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⋅ 1 ⎜ do ( * ) vaø cos ≤ 1⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
Maø sin A + sin B + sin C = 1 + 2 do (2)
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⎧
⎪sin A = 1 ⎧ π
⎪
⎪ A 2 ⎪⎪ A = 2
Daáu “=” taïi (2) xaû y ra ⇔ ⎨cos = ⇔ ⎨
⎪ 2 2 ⎪B = C = π
⎪ B−C ⎪⎩ 4
⎪⎩cos 2 = 1
Baø i 206: (Ñeà thi tuyeån sinh Ñaï i hoï c khoá i A, naê m 2004)
Cho ΔABC khoâ n g tuø thoûa ñieà u kieä n
cos 2A + 2 2 cos B + 2 2 cos C = 3 ( *)
Tính ba goù c cuû a ΔABC
* Caù ch 1: Ñaë t M = cos 2A + 2 2 cos B + 2 2 cos C − 3

B+C B−C
Ta coù : M = 2 cos2 A + 4 2 cos cos −4
2 2
A B−C
⇔ M = 2 cos2 A + 4 2 sin cos −4
2 2
A B-C
Do sin > 0 vaø cos ≤1
2 2
A
Neâ n M ≤ 2 cos2 A + 4 2 sin − 4
2
π
Maë t khaùc : ΔABC khoâ n g tuø neâ n 0 < A ≤
2
⇒ 0 ≤ cos A ≤ 1
⇒ cos2 A ≤ cos A
A
Do ñoù : M ≤ 2 cos A + 4 2 sin − 4
2
⎛ A⎞ A
⇔ M ≤ ⎜ 1 − 2 sin2 ⎟ + 4 2 sin − 4
⎝ 2⎠ 2
A A
⇔ M ≤ −4 sin 2 + 4 2 sin − 2
2 2
2
⎛ A ⎞
⇔ M ≤ −2 ⎜ 2 sin − 1 ⎟ ≤ 0
⎝ 2 ⎠
Do giaû thieá t (*) ta coù M=0
⎧
⎪cos2 A = cos A
⎪
⎪⎧ A = 90
0
⎪ B−C
Vaäy : ⎨cos =1 ⇔ ⎨
⎪ 2 ⎪⎩B = C = 45
0
⎪ A 1
⎪sin 2 = 2
⎩
* Caù c h 2: ( *) ⇔ cos 2A + 2 2 cos B + 2 2 cos C − 3 = 0
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B+C B−C
⇔ cos2 A + 2 2 cos cos −2=0
2 2
A B−C
⇔ ( cos2 A − cos A ) + cos A + 2 2 sin cos −2=0
2 2
⎛ A⎞ A B−C
⇔ cos A ( cos A − 1) + ⎜ 1 − 2 sin 2 ⎟ + 2 2 sin cos −2=0
⎝ 2⎠ 2 2
2
⎛ A B − C⎞ ⎛ 2 B − C⎞
⇔ cos A ( cos A − 1) − ⎜ 2 sin − cos ⎟ − ⎜ 1 − cos ⎟=0
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
2
⎛ A B − C⎞ 2 B −C
⇔ cos A ( cos A − 1) − ⎜ 2 sin − cos ⎟ − sin = 0 (*)
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ 2
Do ΔABC khoâ n g tuø neân cos A ≥ 0 vaø cos A − 1 < 0
Vaäy veá traùi cuûa (*) luoâ n ≤ 0
⎧
⎪cos A = 0
⎪
⎪ A B−C
Daáu “=” xaû y ra ⇔ ⎨ 2 sin = cos
⎪ 2 2
⎪ B−C
⎪⎩sin 2 = 0
⎪⎧ A = 90
0
⇔⎨
⎪⎩B = C = 45
0
Baø i 207: Chöù n g minh ΔABC coù ít nhaá t 1 goù c 60 0 khi vaø chæ khi
sin A + sin B + sin C
= 3 (*)
cos A + cos B + cos C
Ta coù :
( ) ( ) (
(*) ⇔ sin A − 3 cos A + sin B − 3 cos B + sin C − 3 cos C = 0 )
⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π⎞
⇔ sin ⎜ A − ⎟ + sin ⎜ B − ⎟ + sin ⎜ C − ⎟ = 0
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
⎛ A + B π⎞ A−B ⎛ π⎞
⇔ 2 sin ⎜ − ⎟ cos + sin ⎜ C − ⎟ = 0
⎝ 2 3⎠ 2 ⎝ 3⎠
⎡⎛ π C ⎞ π ⎤ A−B ⎛C π⎞ ⎛C π⎞
⇔ 2 sin ⎢⎜ − ⎟ − ⎥ cos + 2 sin ⎜ − ⎟ cos ⎜ − ⎟ = 0
⎣⎝ 2 2 ⎠ 3 ⎦ 2 ⎝ 2 6⎠ ⎝ 2 6⎠
⎛C π⎞⎡ A−B ⎛ C π ⎞⎤
⇔ 2 sin ⎜ − ⎟ ⎢ − cos + cos ⎜ − ⎟ ⎥ = 0
⎝ 2 6⎠⎣ 2 ⎝ 2 6 ⎠⎦
⎛C π⎞ A−B ⎛C π⎞ ⎛π A + B⎞
⇔ sin ⎜ − ⎟ = 0 ∨ cos = cos ⎜ − ⎟ = cos ⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 2 6⎠ 2 ⎝ 2 6⎠ ⎝3 2 ⎠
C π A − B π A + B −A + B π A + B
⇔ = ∨ = − ∨ = −
2 6 2 3 2 2 3 2
π π π
⇔C= ∨A = ∨B=
3 3 3
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Baø i 208: Cho ΔABC vaø V = cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C – 1. Chöùn g minh:
a/ Neá u V = 0 thì ΔABC coù moä t goù c vuoâ n g
b/ Neá u V < 0 thì ΔABC coù ba goù c nhoï n
c/ Neá u V > 0 thì ΔABC coù moä t goù c tuø
1 1
Ta coù : V = (1 + cos 2A ) + (1 + cos 2B) + cos2 − 1
2 2
1
⇔ V = ( cos 2A + cos 2B ) + cos2 C
2
⇔ V = cos ( A + B ) .cos ( A − B ) + cos2 C
⇔ V = − cos C.cos ( A − B ) + cos2 C
⇔ V = − cos C ⎡⎣cos ( A − B ) + cos ( A + B ) ⎤⎦
⇔ V = −2 cos C cos A cos B
Do ñoù :
a/ V = 0 ⇔ cos A = 0 ∨ cos B = 0 ∨ cos C = 0
⇔ ΔABC ⊥ taï i A hay ΔABC ⊥ taï i B hay ΔABC ⊥ taï i C
b/ V < 0 ⇔ cos A.cos B.cos C > 0
⇔ ΔABC coù ba goù c nhoï n
( vì trong 1 tam giaù c khoâ n g theå coù nhieà u hôn 1 goùc tuø neâ n
khoâ n g coù tröôø n g hôïp coù 2 cos cuø n g aâm )
c/ V > 0 ⇔ cos A.cos B.cos C < 0
⇔ cos A < 0 ∨ cos B < 0 ∨ cos C < 0
⇔ ΔABC coù 1 goùc tuø .
II. TAM GIAÙC VUOÂNG
B a+c
Baø i 209: Cho ΔABC coù cotg =
2 b
Chöù n g minh ΔABC vuoâ n g
B a+c
Ta coù : cotg =
2 b
B
cos
⇔ 2 = 2R sin A + 2R sin C = sin A + sin C
B 2R sin B sin B
sin
2
B A+C A−C
cos 2 sin . cos
⇔ 2 = 2 2
B B B
sin 2 sin . cos
2 2 2
B B A−C B
⇔ cos2 = cos . cos (do sin > 0)
2 2 2 2
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B A−C B
⇔ cos = cos (do cos > 0)
2 2 2
B A−C B C−A
⇔ = ∨ =
2 2 2 2
⇔ A = B+C∨C = A +B
π π
⇔ A = ∨C=
2 2
⇔ ΔABC vuoâ ng taï i A hay ΔABC vuoâ ng taï i C
Baø i 210: Chöù n g minh ΔABC vuoâ n g taïi A neá u

b c a
+ =
cos B cos C sin B sin C
b c a
Ta coù : + =
2R sin B 2R sin C 2R sin A
⇔ + =
sin B cos C + sin C cos B sin A
⇔ =
cos B.cos C sin B sin C
sin ( B + C ) sin A
⇔ =
cos B.cos C sin B sin C
⇔ cos B cos C = sin B sin C (do sin A > 0)
⇔ cos B. cos C − sin B. sin C = 0
⇔ cos ( B + C ) = 0
π
⇔ B+C=
2
⇔ ΔABC vuoâ ng taï i A
Baø i 211: Cho ΔABC coù :

A B C A B C 1
cos ⋅ cos ⋅ cos − sin ⋅ sin ⋅ sin = (*)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Chöù n g minh ΔABC vuoâ n g
Ta coù :
A B C 1 A B C
(*) ⇔ cos cos cos = + sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1⎡ A+B A − B⎤ C 1 1⎡ A+B A − B⎤ C
⇔ ⎢ cos + cos ⎥ cos = − ⎢ cos − cos ⎥ sin
2⎣ 2 2 ⎦ 2 2 2⎣ 2 2 ⎦ 2
⎡ C A − B⎤ C ⎡ C A − B⎤ C
⇔ ⎢sin + cos ⎥ cos = 1 − ⎢sin − cos ⎥ sin
⎣ 2 2 ⎦ 2 ⎣ 2 2 ⎦ 2
C C A−B C C C C A−B C
⇔ sin cos + cos cos = 1 − sin 2 + cos = 1 − sin 2 + cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
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C C A−B C C A−B C
⇔ sin cos + cos cos = cos2 + cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C⎡ C C⎤ A−B⎡ C C⎤
⇔ cos ⎢sin − cos ⎥ = cos ⎢ sin − cos ⎥
2⎣ 2 2⎦ 2 ⎣ 2 2⎦
⎡ C C⎤ ⎡ C A − B⎤
⇔ ⎢sin − cos ⎥ ⎢cos − cos =0
⎣ 2 2⎦ ⎣ 2 2 ⎥⎦
C C C A−B
⇔ sin = cos ∨ cos = cos
2 2 2 2
C C A−B C B−A
⇔ tg = 1 ∨ = ∨ =
2 2 2 2 2
C π
⇔ = ∨ A = B+C∨B = A +C
2 4
π π π
⇔C= ∨A= ∨B=
2 2 2
Baø i 212: Chöù n g minh ΔABC vuoâ n g neá u :
3(cos B + 2 sin C) + 4(sin B + 2 cos C) = 15
Do baá t ñaú n g thöù c Bunhiacoá p ki ta coù :
3 cos B + 4 sin B ≤ 9 + 16 cos2 B + sin2 B = 15
vaø 6 sin C + 8 cos C ≤ 36 + 64 sin 2 C + cos2 C = 10
neâ n : 3(cos B + 2 sin C) + 4(sin B + 2 cos C) ≤ 15
⎧ cos B sin B ⎧ 4
⎪⎪ 3 = 4 ⎪⎪tgB = 3
Daáu “=” xaû y ra ⇔⎨ ⇔⎨
⎪ sin C = cos C ⎪cotgC = 4
⎩⎪ 6 8 ⎩⎪ 3
⇔ tgB = cotgC
π
⇔ B+C=
2
⇔ ΔABC vuoân g taï i A.
Baø i 213: Cho ΔABC coù : sin 2A + sin 2B = 4 sin A.sin B

Chöù n g minh ΔABC vuoâ n g.
Ta coù : sin 2A + sin 2B = 4 sin A.sin B
⇔ 2 sin(A + B) cos(A − B) = −2 [ cos(A + B) − cos(A − B)]
⇔ cos(A + B) = [1 − sin(A + B)] cos(A − B)
⇔ − cos C = [1 − sin C] cos(A − B)
⇔ − cos C(1 + sin C) = (1 − sin 2 C). cos(A − B)
⇔ − cos C(1 + sin C) = cos2 C. cos(A − B)
⇔ cos C = 0 hay − (1 + sin C) = cos C. cos(A − B) (*)
⇔ cos C = 0
( Do sin C > 0 neân −(1 + sin C) < −1
Maø cos C.cos(A − B) ≥ −1 .Vaäy (*) voâ nghieä m .)
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Do ñoù ΔABC vuoân g taï i C

III. TAM GIAÙC CAÂN
C
Baø i 214:Chöù n g minh neá u ΔABC coù tgA + tgB = 2 cotg
2
thì laø tam giaù c caâ n .
C
Ta coù : tgA + tgB = 2 cotg
2
C
2 cos
sin(A + B) 2
⇔ =
cos A.cos B C
sin
2
C
2 cos
sin C 2
⇔ =
cos A.cos B C
sin
2
C C C
2 sin cos 2 cos
⇔ 2 2 = 2
cos A cos B C
sin
2
C ⎛ C ⎞
⇔ sin 2 = cos A.cos B ⎜ do cos > 0 ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
1 1
⇔ (1 − cos C ) = ⎡⎣ cos ( A + B ) + cos ( A − B ) ⎤⎦
2 2
⇔ 1 − cos C = − cos C + cos ( A − B )
⇔ cos ( A − B ) = 1
⇔A=B
⇔ ΔABC caâ n taï i C.
Baø i 215: Chöù n g minh ΔABC caân neá u :

A B B A
sin .cos3 = sin .cos3
2 2 2 2
A B B A
Ta coù : sin .cos3 = sin .cos3
2 2 2 2
⎛ A⎞ ⎛ B⎞
⎜ sin 2 ⎟ 1 ⎜ sin 2 ⎟ 1
⇔⎜ =⎜
A⎟ 2 A B⎟ B
⎜ cos ⎟ cos ⎜ cos ⎟ cos2
⎝ 2⎠ 2 ⎝ 2⎠ 2
A B
(do cos > 0 vaø cos > 0 )
2 2
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A⎛ 2 A⎞ B⎛ 2 B⎞
⇔ tg ⎜ 1 + tg ⎟ = tg ⎜ 1 + tg ⎟
2⎝ 2⎠ 2⎝ 2⎠
A B A B
⇔ tg 3 − tg 3 + tg − tg = 0
2 2 2 2
⎛ A B⎞⎡ A B A B⎤
⇔ ⎜ tg − tg ⎟ ⎢1 + tg 2 + tg 2 + tg .tg ⎥ = 0 (*)
⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎣ 2 2 2 2⎦
A B A B A B
⇔ tg = tg ( vì 1 + tg 2 + tg 2 + tg tg > 0 )
2 2 2 2 2 2
⇔ A=B
⇔ ΔABC caâ n taï i C

cos2 A + cos2 B 1
= ( cotg 2 A + cotg 2B ) (*)
sin A + sin B 2
2 2
Ta coù :
cos2 A + cos2 B 1 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
(*) ⇔ = ⎜ + − 2⎟
sin A + sin B 2 ⎝ sin A sin B
2 2 2 2
⎠
cos A + cos B
2 2
1⎛ 1 1 ⎞
⇔ +1 = ⎜ + ⎟
sin A + sin B
2 2
2 ⎝ sin A sin 2 B ⎠
2
2 1⎛ 1 1 ⎞
⇔ = ⎜ + ⎟
sin A + sin B 2 ⎝ sin A sin 2 B ⎠
2 2 2
⇔ 4 sin 2 A sin 2 B = ( sin 2 A + sin 2 B )

2
⇔ 0 = ( sin 2 A − sin2 B )
⇔ sin A = sin B
Vaäy ΔABC caâ n taï i C
C
a + b = tg ( atgA + btgB ) (*)
2
C
Ta coù : a + b = tg ( atgA + btgB)
2
C
⇔ ( a + b ) cotg = atgA + btgB
2
⎡ C⎤ ⎡ C⎤
⇔ a ⎢ tgA − cotg ⎥ + b ⎢ tgB − cotg ⎥ = 0
⎣ 2⎦ ⎣ 2⎦
⎡ A + B⎤ ⎡ A + B⎤
⇔ a ⎢ tgA − tg ⎥ + b ⎢ tgB − tg =0
⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎥⎦
A−B B−A
a sin b sin
⇔ 2 + 2 =0
A+B A+B
cos A. cos cos B. cos
2 2
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A−B a b
⇔ sin = 0 hay − =0
2 cos A cos B
2R sin A 2R sin B
⇔ A = B hay =
cos A cos B
⇔ A = B hay tgA = tgB ⇔ ΔABC caâ n taï i C
IV. NHAÄN DAÏN G TAM GIAÙ C
Baø i 218: Cho ΔABC thoûa : a cos B − b cos A = a sin A − b sin B (*)
Chöù n g minh ΔABC vuoâ n g hay caâ n
Do ñònh lyù haø m sin: a = 2R sin A, b = 2R sin B

Neâ n (*) ⇔ 2R sin A cos B − 2R sin B cos A = 2R ( sin 2 A − sin 2 B )
⇔ sin A cos B − sin B cos A = sin 2 A − sin 2 B
1 1
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = (1 − cos 2A ) − (1 − cos 2B )
2 2
1
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = [ cos 2B − cos 2A ]
2
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = − ⎡⎣sin ( A + B ) sin ( B − A ) ⎤⎦
⇔ sin ( A − B ) ⎡⎣1 − sin ( A + B ) ⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = 0 ∨ sin ( A + B ) = 1
π
⇔ A = B∨ A+B =
2
vaä y ΔABC vuoâ n g hay caâ n taïi C
Caùc h khaù c
sin A cos B − sin B cos A = sin2 A − sin2 B
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = ( sin A + sin B) ( sin A − sin B)
A+B A−B A+B A−B
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = ( 2 sin cos ) (2 cos sin )
2 2 2 2
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = sin ( A + B ) sin ( A − B )
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = 0 ∨ sin ( A + B ) = 1
π
⇔ A = B∨ A+B =
2
Baø i 219 ΔABC laø tam giaùc gì neáu
( a 2 + b2 ) sin ( A − B ) = ( a 2 − b2 ) sin ( A + B) (*)
Ta coù : (*)
⇔ ( 4R 2 sin 2 A + 4R 2 sin 2 B ) sin ( A − B ) = 4R 2 ( sin 2 A − sin 2 B ) sin ( A + B )
⇔ sin 2 A ⎣⎡sin ( A − B ) − sin ( A + B ) ⎦⎤ + sin 2 B ⎡⎣sin ( A − B ) + sin ( A + B ) ⎤⎦ = 0
⇔ 2 sin 2 A cos A sin ( −B ) + 2 sin 2 B sin A cos B = 0
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⇔ − sin A cos A + sin B cos B = 0 (do sin A > 0 vaø sin B > 0 )
⇔ sin 2A = sin 2B
⇔ 2A = 2B ∨ 2A = π − 2B
π
⇔ A = B∨ A+B =
2
Vaäy ΔABC caâ n taï i C hay ΔABC vuoâ n g taï i C.
Baø i 220: ΔABC laø tam giaù c gì neá u :

⎧a 2 sin 2B + b2 sin 2A = 4ab cos A sin B (1)
⎨
⎩sin 2A + sin 2B = 4 sin A sin B (2)
Ta coù :
(1) ⇔ 4R2 sin2 A sin 2B + 4R2 sin2 B sin 2A = 16R2 sin A sin2 B cos A
⇔ sin 2 A sin 2B + sin 2 B sin 2A = 4 sin A sin2 B cos A
⇔ 2 sin2 A sin B cos B + 2 sin A cos A sin 2 B = 4 sin A sin 2 B cos A
⇔ sin A cos B + sin B cos A = 2 sin B cos A (do sin A > 0, sin B > 0)
⇔ sin A cos B − sin B cos A = 0
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = 0
⇔A=B
Thay vaøo (2) ta ñöôïc
sin 2A = 2sin2 A
⇔ 2 sin A cos A = 2 sin2 A
⇔ cos A = sin A ( do sin A > 0)
⇔ tgA = 1
π
⇔A=
4
Do ñoù ΔABC vuoân g caân taï i C
V. TAM GIAÙ C ÑEÀ U
Baø i 221: Chöù n g minh ΔABC ñeà u neá u :

bc 3 = R ⎡⎣ 2 ( b + c ) − a ⎤⎦ (*)
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ ( 2R sin B )( 2R sin C ) 3 = R ⎡⎣2 ( 2R sin B + 2R sin C ) − 2R sin A ⎤⎦

⇔ 2 3 sin B sin C = 2 ( sin B + sin C ) − sin ( B + C )
⇔ 2 3 sin B sin C = 2 ( sin B + sin C ) − sin B cos C − sin C cos B
⎡ 1 3 ⎤ ⎡ 1 3 ⎤
⇔ 2 sin B ⎢1 − cos C − sin C⎥ + 2 sin C ⎢1 − cos B − sin B⎥ = 0
⎣ 2 2 ⎦ ⎣ 2 2 ⎦
⎡ ⎛ π ⎞⎤ ⎡ ⎛ π ⎞⎤
⇔ sin B ⎢1 − cos ⎜ C − ⎟ ⎥ + sin C ⎢1 − cos ⎜ B − ⎟ ⎥ = 0 (1)
⎣ ⎝ 3 ⎠⎦ ⎣ ⎝ 3 ⎠⎦
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⎛ π⎞
Do sin B > 0 vaø 1 − cos ⎜ C − ⎟ ≥ 0
⎝ 3⎠
⎛ π⎞
sin C > 0 vaø 1 − cos ⎜ B − ⎟ ≥ 0
⎝ 3⎠
Neâ n veá traù i cuûa (1) luoâ n ≥ 0
⎧ ⎛ π⎞
⎪cos ⎜ C − 3 ⎟ = 1
⎪ ⎝ ⎠
Do ñoù, (1) ⇔ ⎨
⎪cos ⎛ B − π ⎞ = 1
⎪⎩ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
π
⇔C=B= ⇔ ΔABC ñeàu .
3
⎧ 3
⎪⎪sin B sin C = 4 (1)
Baø i 222: Chöù n g minh ΔABC ñeà u neá u ⎨
⎪a 2 = a − b − c
3 3 3
(2)
⎩⎪ a−b−c
Ta coù : (2) ⇔ a 3 − a 2 b − a 2c = a 3 − b3 − c3
⇔ a 2 ( b + c ) = b3 + c 3
⇔ a 2 ( b + c ) = ( b + c ) ( b2 − bc + c 2 )
⇔ a 2 = b2 − bc + c2
⇔ b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A = b2 + c2 − bc (do ñl haø m cosin)
⇔ 2bc cos A = bc
1 π
⇔ cos A = ⇔A=
2 3
Ta coù : (1) ⇔ 4 sin B sin C = 3
⇔ 2 ⎡⎣cos ( B − C ) − cos ( B + C ) ⎤⎦ = 3
⇔ 2 ⎡⎣ cos ( B − C ) + cos A ⎤⎦ = 3
⎛1⎞ ⎛ π⎞
⇔ 2 cos ( B − C ) + 2 ⎜ ⎟ = 3 ⎜ do (1 ) ta coù A = ⎟
⎝2⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
⇔ cos ( B − C ) = 1 ⇔ B = C
Vaäy töø (1), (2) ta coù ΔABC ñeà u
Baø i 223: Chöù n g minh ΔABC ñeà u neá u :

sin A + sin B + sin C = sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C
Ta coù : sin 2A + sin 2B = 2 sin ( A + B ) cos ( A − B )

= 2 sin C cos ( A − B ) ≤ 2 sin C (1)
Daáu “=” xaû y ra khi: cos ( A − B ) = 1
Töông töï : sin 2A + sin 2C ≤ 2 sin B (2)
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Daáu “=” xaû y ra khi: cos ( A − C ) = 1

Töông töï : sin 2B + sin 2C ≤ 2 sin A (3)
Daáu “=” xaû y ra khi: cos ( B − C ) = 1
Töø (1) (2) (3) ta coù : 2 ( sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C) ≤ 2 ( sinC + sin B + sin A )
⎧cos ( A − B ) = 1
⎪
Daáu “=” xaû y ra ⇔ ⎨cos ( A − C ) = 1 ⇔ A = B = C
⎪
⎩cos ( B − C ) = 1
⇔ ΔABC ñeà u
Baø i 224: Cho ΔABC coù :

1 1 1 1
+ + = (*)
sin 2A sin 2B sin C 2 cos A cos B cos C
2 2 2
Chöù n g minh ΔABC ñeà u
Ta coù : (*) ⇔ sin2 2B.sin2 2C + sin2 2A sin2 2C + sin2 2A sin2 2B

sin 2A.sin 2B.sin 2C
= ⋅ ( sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C )
2 cos A cos B cos C
= 4 sin A sin B sin C ( sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C )
Maø : 4 sin A sin B sin C = 2 ⎡⎣ cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B ) ⎤⎦ sin ( A + B )
= 2 ⎡⎣ cos ( A − B ) + cos C ⎤⎦ sin C
= 2 sin C cos C + 2 cos ( A − B ) sin ( A + B )
= sin 2C + sin 2A + sin 2B
Do ñoù , vôù i ñieà u kieä n ΔABC khoâ n g vuoân g ta coù
(*) ⇔ sin2 2B sin2 2C + sin 2 2A sin2 2C + sin2 2A sin2 2B
= sin 2A. sin 2B. sin 2C ( sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C )
= sin2 2A sin 2B sin 2C + sin2 2B sin 2A sin 2C + sin2 2C sin 2A sin 2B
1 1
⇔ ( sin 2B sin 2A − sin 2B sin 2C ) + ( sin 2A sin 2B − sin 2A sin 2C )
2 2
2 2
1
+ ( sin 2C sin 2A − sin 2C sin 2B ) = 0
2
2
⎧sin 2B sin 2A = sin 2B sin 2C
⎪
⇔ ⎨sin 2A sin 2B = sin 2A sin 2C
⎪sin 2A sin 2C = sin 2C sin 2B
⎩
⎧sin 2A = sin 2B
⇔⎨ ⇔ A = B = C ⇔ ABC ñeà u
⎩sin 2B = sin 2C
Baø i 225: Chöù n g minh ΔABC ñeà u neáu :

a cos A + b cos B + c cos C 2p
= (*)
a sin B + b sin C + c sin A 9R
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Ta coù : a cos A + b cos B + c cos C

= 2R sin A cos A + 2R sin B cos B + 2R sin C cos C
= R ( sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C )
= R ⎡⎣2 sin ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) + 2 sin C cos C ⎤⎦
= 2R sin C ⎡⎣cos ( A − B ) − cos ( A + B ) ⎤⎦ = 4R sin C sin A sin B
Caù c h 1: a sin B + b sin C + c sin A
= 2R ( sin A sin B + sin B sin C + sin C sin A )
≥ 2R 3 sin2 A sin 2 B sin2 C ( do bñt Cauchy )
a cos A + b cos B + c cos C 2 3
Do ñoù veá traù i : ≤ sin A sin B sin C (1)
a sin B + b sin C + c sin A 3
2p a + b + c 2
Maø veá phaûi : = = ( sin A + sin B + sin C )
9R 9R 9
23
≥ sin A sin B sin C (2)
3
Töø (1) vaø (2) ta coù
( * ) ⇔ sin A = sin B = sin C ⇔ ΔABC ñeà u
4R sin A sin B sin C a+b+c
Caù c h 2: Ta coù : (*) ⇔ =
a sin B + b sin C + c sin A 9R
⎛ a ⎞⎛ b ⎞⎛ c ⎞
4R ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
⇔ ⎝ 2R ⎠ ⎝ 2R ⎠ ⎝ 2R ⎠ = a + b + c
⎛ b ⎞ ⎛ c ⎞ ca 9R
a⎜ ⎟ + b⎜ ⎟+
⎝ 2R ⎠ ⎝ 2R ⎠ 2R
⇔ 9abc = ( a + b + c )( ab + bc + ca )
Do baá t ñaú n g thöùc Cauchy ta coù
a + b + c ≥ 3 abc
ab + bc + ca ≥ 3 a 2 b2c2
Do ñoù : ( a + b + c )( ab + bc + ca ) ≥ 9abc
Daáu = xaûy ra ⇔ a = b = c ⇔ ΔABC ñeà u .
Baø i 226: Chöù n g minh ΔABC ñeà u neáu

A B C
cot gA + cot gB + cot gC = tg + tg + tg ( *)
2 2 2
sin ( A + B ) sin C
Ta coù : cot gA + cot gB = =
sin A sin B sin A sin B
sin C
≥ 2
(do bñt Cauchy)
⎛ sin A + sin B ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
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C C C
2 sin cos 2 sin
= 2 2 = 2
2 A + B 2 A − B C 2 A − B
sin .cos cos cos
2 2 2 2
C
≥ 2tg (1)
2
B
Töông töï : cot gA + cot gC ≥ 2tg (2)
2
A
cot gB + cot gC ≥ 2tg (3)
2
Töø (1) (2) (3) ta coù
⎛ A B C⎞
2 ( cot gA + cot gB + cot gC ) ≥ 2 ⎜ tg + tg + tg ⎟
⎝ 2 2 2⎠
Do ñoù daáu “=” taï i (*) xaû y ra
⎧ A−B A−C B−C
⎪cos = cos = cos =1
⇔⎨ 2 2 2
⎪⎩sin A = sin B = sin C
⇔A=B=C
⇔ ΔABC ñeàu.
BAØI TAÄP
1. Tính caùc goù c cuûa ΔABC bieát :
3 π 2π
a/ cos A = sin B + sin C − (ÑS: B = C = ,A = )
2 6 3
π
b/ sin 6A + sin 6B + sin 6C = 0 (ÑS: A = B = C = )
3
c/ sin 5A + sin 5B + sin 5C = 0
2. Tính goùc C cuûa ΔABC bieá t :
a/ (1 + cot gA ) (1 + cot gB ) = 2
⎧⎪ A, B nhoïn
b/ ⎨ 2
⎪⎩sin A + sin B = 9 sin C
2
⎧cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C < 1

3. Cho ΔABC coù : ⎨
⎩sin 5A + sin 5B + sin 5C = 0
Chöù n g minh Δ coù ít nhaát moä t goù c 36 0 .
4. Bieá t sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C = m . Chöù n g minh
a/ m = 2 thì ΔABC vuoân g
b/ m > 2 thì ΔABC nhoïn
c/ m < 2 thì ΔABC tuø .
5. Chöù n g minh ΔABC vuoân g neá u :
b+c
a/ cos B + cos C =
a
b c a
b/ + =
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c/ sin A + sin B + sin C = 1 − cos A + cos B + cos C

( b − c ) = 2 ⎡⎣1 − cos ( B − C )⎤⎦
2
d/
b2 1 − cos 2B
6. Chöù n g minh ΔABC caân neá u :
1 + cos B 2a + c
a/ =
sin B a 2 − c2
sin A + sin B + sin C A B
b/ = cot g . cot g
sin A + sin B − sin C 2 2
c/ tgA + 2tgB = tgA.tg B 2
⎛ C ⎞ ⎛ C⎞
d/ a ⎜ cot g − tgA ⎟ = b ⎜ tgB − cot g ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
C B
e/ ( p − b ) cot g = ptg
2 2
C
f/ a + b = tg ( atgA + btgB )
2
7. ΔABC laø Δ gì neá u :
A+B
a/ atgB + btgA = ( a + b ) tg
2
b/ c = c cos 2B + b sin 2B
c/ sin 3A + sin 3B + sin 3C = 0
d/ 4S = ( a + b − c )( a + c − b )
8. Chöù n g minh ΔABC ñeà u neá u
a/ 2 ( a cos A + b cos B + c cos C ) = a + b + c
b/ 3S = 2R 2 ( sin 3 A + sin 3 B + sin 3 C )
c/ sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 sin A sin B sin C
9R
d/ ma + m b + mc = vôù i ma , m b , mc laø 3 ñöôø n g trung tuyeá n
2
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MATHVN.

CHÖÔNG 1: COÂNG THÖÙC LÖÔÏNG GIAÙC

III. Heä thöùc cô baûn

b. Buø nhau: α vaø π − α

cos ( x + kπ ) = ( −1) cos x, k ∈ Z

V. Coâng thöùc coäng

VI. Coâng thöùc nhaân ñoâi

VII. Coâng thöùc nhaân ba:

VIII. Coâng thöùc haï baäc:

IX. Coâng thöùc chia ñoâi

X. Coâng thöùc bieán ñoåi toång thaønh tích

XI. Coâng thöùc bieån ñoåi tích thaønh toång

sin 4 a + cos4 a − 1 −2sin 2 a cos2 a 2

Baøi 2: Ruùt goïn bieåu thöùc A = = ⎢1 + ⎥

⇔ A = 2 cos4 x − (1 − 2 cos2 x + cos4 x ) + cos2 x − cos4 x + 3 − 3cos2 x

b. Vôùi ñieàu kieän sin x.cosx ≠ 0,tgx ≠ 1

Baøi 4: Chöùng minh

Baøi 5: Cho ΔABC tuøy yù vôùi ba goùc ñeàu laø nhoïn.

b/ Do ñieàu kieän : sin x ≥ 0 vaø cos x ≥ 0 neân mieàn xaùc ñònh

Neân y giaûm treân [ 0, 1 ]. Vaäy : max y = y ( 0 ) = 1, min y = y (1) = −1

Baøi 7: Cho haøm soá y = sin4 x + cos4 x − 2m sin x cos x

Xeùt f (x) = sin 4 x + cos4 x − 2m sin x cos x

Maët khaùc : sin 4 α + cos4 α = ( sin 2 α + cos2 α ) − 2 sin 2 α cos2 α

Baøi :12 : Chöùng minh :

Baøi 13 : Chöùng minh : 8sin3 180 + 8sin2 180 = 1

Baøi 14 : Chöùng minh :

Baøi 15 : Chöùng minh : sin 3x.sin3 x + cos 3x.cos3 x = cos3 2x

= 2 cos15o cos 3o − 2 cos15o ( cos 45o + cos 3o )

Baøi 17 : Tính P = sin2 50o + sin2 70 − cos 50o cos70o

sin 90o sin 90o

⎛ cos 30o + cos10o ⎞

cos 20p cos10o

= 1 + cos ( A + B ) cos ( A − B ) + cos2 C

Baøi 20 : Cho ΔABC . Chöùng minh :

Ta coù : (cos2A + cos2B) + (cos2C + 1)

Baøi 21 : Cho ΔABC . Chöùng minh :

Baøi 22 : A, B, C laø ba goùc cuûa moät tam giaùc. Chöùng minh :

Baøi 23 : Cho ΔABC . Chöùng minh :

A B C 3 + cos A + cos B + cos C

Baøi 27 : Cho ΔABC . Chöùng minh :

Chöông 2 : PHÖÔNG TRÌNH LÖÔÏNG GIAÙC CÔ BAÛN

Ta coù (*) ⇔ ( 2 cos x − 1)( 2 sin x + cos x ) = sin x ( 2 cos x − 1)

⇔ ( 2 cos x − 1) ⎡⎣( 2 sin x + cos x ) − sin x ⎤⎦ = 0

Baø i 30 : Giaû i phöông trình cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + cos 4x = 0 (*)

Baø i 31: Giaû i phöông trình sin 2 x + sin 2 3x = cos2 2x + cos2 4x ( * )

Baø i 33 : Giaû i phöông trình

Baø i 36: Giaû i phöông trình

Baø i 37 : Giaû i phöông trình

4 sin 3 x + 3 cos3 x − 3sin x − sin 2 x cos x = 0 ( * )

Baø i 39 : Giaû i phöông trình

Baø i 40: Giaû i phöông trình

Baø i 41 : Giaû i phöông trình

Baø i 42: Giaû i phöông trình 8cos ⎛⎜ x +

Thì cos 3x = cos ( 3t − π ) = cos ( π − 3t ) = − cos 3t

Baø i 43 : Giaû i phöông trình tg 2 x − tgx.tg3x = 2 ( * )

Baø i 44: Giaû i phöông trình

Baø i 46 : Giaû i phöông trình

Baø i 47 : Giaû i phöông trình:

⎡sin x = −1 ( loaï i do cos x ≠ 0 )

Baø i 53 : Giaû i phöông trình

⇔ sin 5x.cos 3x = sin 7x.cos 5x

Baø i 55 : Giaû i phöông trình

3. Giaû i caùc phöông trình sau: