LECTURE NOTES

LANG6032

English Professional

Week 3

Error Correction & Essay

Writing

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES

 LO 3 : Demonstrate The Intermediate-level Business English speaking

skills in terms of Delivery, Clarity and Appropriacy (a minimum of
BINUS English Speaking scaled score of 15 of scale 30)

 LO 4 : Demonstrate The Intermediate-level Academic English writing

skills in terms of Introduction, Middle and Conclusion (a minimum of
BINUS English Writing scaled score of 15 of scale 30)

MATERIALS OUTLINE:

 Introduction
 Reading Review & Exercise: Skills 3-4
 Plan Before You Write: Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences
 Writing Exercise: Sentence Analysis
 Essay Writing: Agree or Disagree
 Conclusion

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 INTRODUCTION

In this third session, we will focus on English reading and writing skill.
Specifically, there are 3 main discussions related to the reading, sentence analysis,
and agree/ disagree essay writing. The materials are commonly in the form of
theoretical and practical discussion. The learning will be based on TOEFL IBT
especially reading skill 3 and 4. Reading skill three is about simplifying meaning
of sentences. Next, Reading skill four is about insert sentences into the passage.

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 A. Reading Review & Exercise: Skills 3-4

1. Reading Skill 3

Simplify Meanings of Sentences

In the Reading section of the TOEFL iBT, you may be asked to simplify
the meaning of a long and complex sentence. In this type of question, you must
choose the one answer that is closest to the meaning of a sentence that is
highlighted in the passage. Usually for this type of question, you should break the
complex sentence down into parts.

Questions about simplifying the meanings of sentences

How to identify the question Which of the sentences below best expresses
the essentital information ...?

Where to find the answer The targeted sentence is highlighted in the

passage. Information to answer the question
is in the highligted sentence and may also be
in the context around the highlighted
sentence.

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How to answer the question 1. Study the highlighted sentence carefully.
2. Break the sentence down into
meaningful parts by looking for
punctuation and transition expressions.
3. If the highlighted sentence makes
references to information outside of the
highlighted sentence, read the context
around the highlighted sentence.
4. Study the answer choices, and eliminate
definitely wrong answers.
5. Choose the best answer from the
remaining choices.

2. Reading Skill 4

Insert Sentences into the Passage

In the Reading section of the TOEFL iBT, you may be asked to determine
where to insert a sentence into a passage. In this type of question, you must click
on one of a number of squares in a passage to indicate that the sentence should be
inserted in that position. To answer this kind of question, you should study the
sentence to be inserted and then look at the context before and after each insertion
box. Usually the box squares are marked with numbers and alphabets for example
1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d.

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 Questions about Inserting Sentences

How to identify the question Look at the four squares [ ]

Where to find the answer The places where the sentence may be
inserted are marked in the passage.

How to answer the question 6. Look at the sentence to be inserted for

any key words or ideas at the
beginning or the end of the sentence.
7. Read the context before and after the
insertion squares for any ideas that
relate to the sentence to be inserted.
8. Choose the insertion square that is
most related to the sentence to be
inserted.

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B. Plan Before You Write: Simple, Compound, and Complex
Sentences

1. What is a sentence?

– A sentence is a set of words which contains at least 1 subject and 1

verb and it usually states something.

2. There are three kinds of sentences:

– Simple Sentence.

– Compound Sentence.

– Complex Sentence.

 Simple Sentence

– Simple sentence is a sentence which is usually short, has a subject

and a verb or predicate, and has one complete thought.

*Although simple sentence is short and clear, the usage of this type in
writing will make the writing becomes dull and the story or idea won’t
flow smoothly.

 Compound Sentence

– Compound sentence is a sentence made up of two clauses or

complete sentences but they are connected with a conjuction such
as “and,but, or”

* Compound sentence is good in combining two ideas in a sentence but

sometimes it doesn’t strongly reflects the connection or the realtionship
between those two ideas. The word "and,“ in the 1st example, only adds
one idea of going to school, but the readers have no idea how “waking up”
and “going to school” are related.

 Complex Sentence

– A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and one

or more dependent clauses connected to it. A dependent clause is
similar to an independent clause, or complete sentence, but it lacks
one of the elements that would make it a complete sentence.

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• Examples of dependent clauses:

> because Lily and Lani are afraid.

> while she is waiting for her boyfriend.

> before you eat.

These dependent clauses have 1 subject and 1 verb, however they can’t
stand by itself as a whole sentence because the idea is not complete yet.

C. Writing Exercise: Sentence Analysis

Exercise
Now after you’ve studied about phrases and sentences, next please read
the text, find how many sentences and classify them into simple,
compound, and complex sentences. (Indivually)

Reading
There have been 600 natural disasters that happened in the first quarter in
2015. Around 97.8 percent of those disasters were landslides, floods and
strong winds. In terms of frequency, landslides are most common.

Like previous years, the number of disasters that happened in January are
the highest. This January, there were 285 events, most of which were
landslides. While in February and March, there were 240 and 75 disaster
events, most of which were caused by strong winds and landslides.
Landslides were the most deadly disasters since they resulted in many
casualties or missing people. Strong winds become the most damaging
disasters since they destroyed many homes.

Jakarta also becomes a province that was frequently having floods during
the new year but the impact caused by this years’ flooding was not as bad
as previous years. Not only was the rainfall in Jakarta was not as high as

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 previous years but also many related parties had taken preventative
measures.

D. Essay Writing: Agree or Disagree

Essay Structure
• General Statement (2 – 3 Sentences). Thesis Statement (1 – 2 Sentences):
A, B (and C)
• Topic Sentence A
– Supporting Sentence:
• e.g.
– Supporting Sentence:
• e.g.
• Topic Sentence B
– Supporting Sentence
• e.g.
• e.g.
• e.g.
• Topic Sentence C
– Supporting Sentence
– Supporting Sentence
– Supporting Sentence
– Concluding Sentences
– Restatement & Generalization

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 CONCLUSION

In this third meeting, we reviewed on IBT TOEFL reading skills. In this

section, it is important to simplify meaning of sentence or sentences or making
complex sentences into a simple short sentence. While in the next reading section,
it is important to be able to insert sentence into a passage or insert sentence in the
correct place. After that, in order to build the understanding of writing an essay.
There is a discussion about sentence especially simple, compound, and complex.
Lastly, you have learned about agree and disagree essay.

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 REFERENCES

1. Deborah Phillips. (2007). Longman preparation course for the TOEFL test :
iBT. 2nd Edition. Pearson Longman. New Jersey. ISBN:
9780132056922.
2. Cotton D. Falvey & Kent S. (2001). Market Leader Course Book: Upper
Intermediate Business English. 1st Edition. Pearson Education
Limited. Essex. ISBN: 0582434645.

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