Report Mtech Lab

MCESC 207 SOFTWARE LABORATORY
ST.JOSEPHS COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, PALAI
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Certified that this s the Bonafide Record of the work done in the ………………………
…………………………................ Laboratory of St. Josephs College of Engineering &
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St Joseph’s College of Engg & Technology, Palai page 1

INDEX
PAGE
SI No. DESCRIPTION DATE No.
ANSYS
INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS 5
ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
1 Analysis of Beams-1 2/6/15 31
ANALYSIS OF TRUSSES
7 Analysis of Truss-1 9/6/15 50
ANALYSIS OF PLATES & BRACKETS
12 Analysis of bracket without fillet 16/6/15 66
13 Analysis of bracket with fillet 16/6/15 70
14 Analysis of plate-plane stress problem 19/6/15 75
15 Analysis of plate-plate bending 19/6/15 78

ETABS
INTRODUCTION TO ETABS 81
ANALYSIS OF FRAMES
16 Analysis of Frames-1 23/6/15 87
ANALYSIS OF TRUSSES
DESIGN OF MULTISTOREYED BUILDINGS
26 Design of Multistoreyed Building-1 7/7/15 117
27 Design of Multistoreyed Building-2 7/7/15 123

ANSYS

INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS
ANSYS finite element analysis software enables engineers to perform the following tasks:
 Build computer models or transfer CAD models of structures, products,
components, or systems.
 Apply operating loads or other design performance conditions.
 Study physical responses, such as stress levels, temperature distributions, or
electromagnetic fields.
 Optimize a design early in the development process to reduce production costs.
 Do prototype testing in environments where it otherwise would be undesirable or
impossible (for example, biomedical applications).
The ANSYS program has a comprehensive graphical user interface (GUI) that gives users
easy, interactive access to program functions, commands, documentation, and reference
material. An intuitive menu system helps users navigate through the ANSYS program.
Users can input data using a mouse, a keyboard, or a combination of both.
1. BUILDING THE MODEL

Building a finite element model requires more of your time than any other part of the
analysis. First, you specify a Job name and analysis title. Then, you use the PREP7
preprocessor to define the element types, element real constants, material properties, and
the model geometry.
1.1 What Is Model Generation?

In ANSYS terminology, model generation usually takes on the narrower meaning of
generating the nodes and elements that represent the spatial volume and connectivity of
the actual system. Thus, model generation in this discussion means the process of defining
the geometric configuration of the model's nodes and elements. The ANSYS program
offers the following approaches to model generation:
 Creating a solid model within ANSYS.
 Using direct generation.
 Importing a model created in a computer-aided design (CAD) system
1.2 Typical Steps Involved in Model Generation With in ANSYS

A common modeling session might follow this general outline Begin by planning your
approach. Determine your objectives, decide what basic form your model will take,
choose appropriate element types, and consider how you will establish an appropriate
mesh density. You will typically do this general planning before you initiate your ANSYS
session.
 Enter the preprocessor (PREP7) to initiate your model-building session. Most
often, you will build your model using solid modeling procedures.
 Establish a working plane.
 Generate basic geometric features using geometric primitives and Boolean
operators.
 Activate the appropriate coordinate system.
 Generate other solid model features from the bottom up. That is, create keypoints,
and then define lines, areas, and volumes as needed.
 Use more Boolean operators or number controls to join separate solid model
regions together as appropriate.
 Create tables of element attributes (element types, real constants, material
properties, and element coordinate systems).
 Set element attribute pointers.
 Set meshing controls to establish your desired mesh density if desired. This step is
not always required because default element sizes exist when you enter the
program Create nodes and elements by meshing your solid model.
 After you have generated nodes and elements, add features such as surface-to-
surface contact elements, coupled degrees of freedom, and constraint equations.
 Save your model data to Job name.DB.
 Exit the preprocessor.
Note
The solid modeling features of ANSYS are known to have robustness issues. By careful
planning and use of alternative strategies, you can successfully create the model required
for analysis. However, you may be better served using your CAD modeler to create your

model or using Design Modeler under the ANSYS Workbench environment to create your
model.
1.3. Comparing Solid Modeling and Direct Generation

You can use two different methods to generate your model: solid modeling and direct
generation. With solid modeling, you describe the geometric boundaries of your model,
establish controls over the size and desired shape of your elements, and then instruct the
ANSYS program to generate all the nodes and elements automatically. By contrast, with
the direct generation method, you determine the location of every node and the size,
shape, and connectivity of every element prior to defining these entities in your ANSYS
model.
Although some automatic data generation is possible, the direct generation method is
essentially a hands-on, "manual" method that requires you to keep track of all your node
numbers as you develop your finite element mesh. This detailed bookkeeping can become
tedious for large models, contributing to the potential for modeling errors. Solid modeling
is usually more powerful and versatile than direct generation, and is commonly the
preferred method for generating your model.
In spite of the many advantages of solid modeling, you might occasionally encounter
circumstances where direct generation will be more useful. You can easily switch back
and forth between direct generation and solid modeling, using the different techniques as
appropriate to define different parts of your model.
1.3.1 Solid Modeling

On the plus side, solid modeling
 Is generally more appropriate for large or complex models, especially 3-D models
of solid volumes.
 Allows you to work with a relatively small number of data items.
 Allows geometric operations (such as dragging and rotations) that cannot be done
with nodes and elements.
 Supports the use of "primitive" areas and volumes (such as polygonal areas and
cylindrical volumes) and Boolean operations (intersections, subtractions, etc.) for
"top down" construction of your model.
 Facilitates your use of the ANSYS program's design optimization features.

 Is required for adaptive meshing.
 Is required in order to do area mesh refinement after loads have been applied (solid
model loads are also required).
 Readily allows modifications to geometry.
 Facilitates changes to element distribution; you are not bound to one analysis
model.
However, solid modeling
 Can sometimes require large amounts of CPU time.
 Can (for small, simple models) sometimes be more cumbersome, requiring more
data entries than direct generation.
 Can sometimes "fail" (the program will not be able to generate the finite element
mesh) under certain circumstances.
1.3.2. Direct Generation

On the plus side, direct generation
 Is convenient for small or simple models.
 Provides you with complete control over the geometry and numbering of every
node and every element.
However, direct generation

 Is usually too time consuming for all but the simplest models; the volume of data
you must work with can become overwhelming.
 Cannot be used with adaptive meshing.
 Makes design optimization less convenient.
 Makes it difficult to modify the mesh (tools such as area mesh refinement, Smart
Sizing, etc. cannot be used).
 Can become tedious, requiring you to pay more attention to every detail of your
mesh; tedium can sometimes cause you to become more prone to committing
errors.
1.4. Importing Solid Models Created in CAD systems

As an alternative to creating your solid models within ANSYS, you can create them in
your favorite CAD system and then import them into ANSYS for analysis, by saving them
in the
 IGES file format or in a file format supported by an ANSYS Connection product.

Creating a model using a CAD package has the following advantages: You avoid a
duplication of effort by using existing CAD models to generate solid models for
analysis.
 You use more familiar tools to create models.
However, models imported from CAD systems may require extensive repair if they are not
of suitable quality for meshing.
2. SPECIFYING A JOB NAME AND ANALYSIS TITLE

This task is not required for an analysis, but is recommended.
2.1. Defining the Job name

The Job name is a name that identifies the ANSYS job. When you define a Job name for
an analysis, the Job name becomes the first part of the name of all files the analysis
creates. (The extension or suffix for these files' names is a file identifier such as .DB.) By
using a Job name for each analysis, you ensure that no files are overwritten.
If you do not specify a Job name, all files receive the name FILE or file, depending on the
operating system. You can change the default Job name as follows:
 By using the initial Job name entry option when you enter the ANSYS program,
either via the launcher or on the ANSYS execution command.
 From within the ANSYS program, you can use either of the following:
Command(s): /FILNAME
GUI: Utility Menu→ File→ Change Job name
2.3. Defining Units

The ANSYS program does not assume a system of units for your analysis. Except in
magnetic field analyses, you can use any system of units so long as you make sure that
you use that system for all the data you enter. (Units must be consistent for all input data.)
Using the /UNITS command, you can set a marker in the ANSYS database indicating the
system of units that you are using. This command does not convert data from one system
of units to another; it simply serves as a record for subsequent reviews of the analysis.
3. DEFINING ELEMENT TYPES

The ANSYS element library contains more than 150 different element types. Each element
type has a unique number and a prefix that identifies the element category: BEAM4,
PLANE77, SOLID96, etc. The following element categories are available:
The element type determines, among other things:

 The degree-of-freedom set (which in turn implies the discipline - structural,
thermal, magnetic, electric, quadrilateral, brick, etc.)
 Whether the element lies in 2-D or 3-D space.
BEAM4, for example, has six structural degrees of freedom (UX, UY, UZ, ROTX,
ROTY, ROTZ), is a line element, and can be modeled in 3-D space. PLANE77 has a
thermal degree of freedom (TEMP), is an 8-node quadrilateral element, and can be
modeled only in 2-D space.

(Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Element Type→ Add/Edit/Delete).
4. DEFINING ELEMENT REAL CONSTANTS

Element real constants are properties that depend on the element type, such as cross-
sectional properties of a beam element. For example, real constants for BEAM3, the 2-D
beam element, are area (AREA), moment of inertia (IZZ), height (HEIGHT), shear
deflection constant (SHEARZ), initial strain (ISTRN), and added mass per unit length
(ADDMAS). Not all element types require real constants, and different elements of the
same type may have different real constant values.
5. CREATING CROSS SECTIONS

If you are building a model using BEAM44, BEAM188, or BEAM189, you can use the
section commands (SECTYPE, SECDATA, etc.) or their GUI path equivalents to define
and use cross sections in your models
6. DEFINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Most element types require material properties. Depending on the application, material
properties can be linear or nonlinear
6.1. Linear Material Properties

Linear material properties can be constant or temperature-dependent, and isotropic or
orthotropic. To define constant material properties (either isotropic or orthotropic), use
one of the following:
Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Material Props→ Material Models→
Structural→Linear→Elastic →Isotropic
6.2. Nonlinear Material Properties

Nonlinear material properties are usually tabular data, such as plasticity data (stress-strain
curves for different hardening laws), magnetic field data (B-H curves), creep data,
swelling data, hyper elastic material data, etc.
The first example below is intended to show you how to completely define a single
material model. It steps you through a procedure that uses the material model interface to

define a model for simulating nonlinear isotropic hardening, using the Voce law, in a large
strain structural analysis at two temperatures.
From the ANSYS Main Menu, click on the following menu path:
Preprocessor→ Material Props→ Material Models.
1. The Define Material Model Behavior dialog box appears.

2. In the Material Models Available window, double-click on the following options:
Structural, Linear, Elastic, Isotropic. A dialog box appears.
3. Enter values for material properties, as required (EX for elastic modulus, and
PRXY for Poisson's ratio). Click on OK. Material Model Number 1 properties
appear listed in the Material Models Defined window.
4. In the Material Models Available window, double-click on the following options:
Nonlinear, Inelastic, Rate Independent, Isotropic Hardening Plasticity, von Mises
Plasticity, Nonlinear. A dialog box appears that includes a table where you can add
temperature columns or add rows for material data, as needed for your application.
Note that the temperature field is grayed out. This is because ANSYS assumes a
temperature independent application, by default, so you would not need to enter a
temperature value. Because this example is temperature dependent (involving two
temperatures), you must first add another temperature column, as described in the
next step.
5. Click on the Add Temperature button. A second column appears.
6. Enter the first temperature in the Temperature row and the T1 column.
7. Enter the Voce constants required for the first temperature in the rows under the T1
column .
8. Enter the second temperature in the Temperature row, and the T2 column.
9. Enter the Voce constants required for the second temperature in the rows under the
T2 column.
Note that if you needed to input constants for a third temperature, you would
position the cursor in the Temperature row of the T2 column, then click on the Add
Temperature button again. This would cause a third column to appear.
10. Click on OK. The dialog box closes. The properties defined for that material are
listed under Material Model Number 1.

7. WHAT ARE LOADS?

The word loads in ANSYS terminology includes boundary conditions and externally or
internally applied forcing functions, Examples of loads in different disciplines are:
 Structural: displacements, forces, pressures, temperatures (for thermal strain),
gravity
 Thermal: temperatures, heat flow rates, convections, internal heat generation,
infinite surface
 Magnetic: magnetic potentials, magnetic flux, magnetic current segments, source
current density, infinite surface
 Electric: electric potentials (voltage), electric current, electric charges, charge
densities, infinite surface
 Fluid: velocities, pressures
7.1 How to Apply Loads

You can apply most loads either on the solid model (on keypoints, lines, and areas) or on
the finite element model (on nodes and elements). For example, you can specify forces at a
keypoint or a node. Similarly, you can specify convections (and other surface loads) on
lines and areas or on nodes and element faces. No matter how you specify the loads, the
solver expects all loads to be in terms of the finite element model. Therefore, if you
specify loads on the solid model, the program automatically transfers them to the nodes
and elements at the beginning of solution
7.2 DOF Constraints

Table "DOF Constraints Available in Each Discipline" shows the degrees of freedom that
can be constrained in each discipline and the corresponding ANSYS labels


GUI: Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Loads→ Define Loads→ Apply→ load type→ On
Nodes
Utility Menu→ List→ Loads→ DOF Constraints→ On All Keypoints(or On Picked
KPs)
Main Menu→ Solution→ Define Loads→ Apply→ load type→ On Lines
7.3 Forces (Concentrated Loads)

Below are examples of some of the GUI paths to use for applying force loads:
GUI:
Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Loads→ Define Loads→ Apply→ load type→ On Nodes
Utility Menu→ List→ Loads→ Forces→ On All Keypoints (or On Picked KPs)
7.4 Surface Loads

Below are examples of some of the GUI paths to use for applying surface loads.
GUI:
Utility Menu→ List→ Loads→ Surface→ On All Elements (or On Picked Elements)
7.5 Body Loads

Below are examples of some of the GUI paths to use for applying body loads:
GUI:
Utility Menu→ List→ Loads→ Body→ On Picked Elems
Main Menu→ Solution→ Define Loads→ Apply→ load type→ On Keypoints
Utility Menu→ List→ Loads→ Body→ On Picked Lines
Main Menu→ Solution→ Define Loads→ Apply→ load type→ On Volumes

8 GENERATING THE MESH

The process for generating a mesh of nodes and elements consists of three general steps:
1. Set the element attributes.
2. Set mesh controls (optional). ANSYS offers a large number of mesh controls from
which you can choose as needs dictate.
3. Meshing the model.
It is not always always necessary to set mesh controls because the default mesh controls
are appropriate for many models. If no controls are specified, the program will use the
default settings (DESIZE) to produce a free mesh. Alternatively, you can use the Smart
Size feature to produce a better quality free mesh. 13
8.1 Meshing Your Solid Model

Once you have built your solid model, established element attributes, and set meshing
controls, you are ready to generate the finite element mesh. First, however, it is usually
good practice to save your model before you initiate mesh generation:
Command(s): SAVE
GUI: Utility Menu→ File→ Save as Job name.db
You may also want to turn on the "mesh accept/reject" prompt by picking
Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ Mesher Opts.
This feature, which is available only through the GUI, allows you to easily discard an
undesirable mesh. If you are meshing multiple volumes or areas at one time, you should
consider using the meshing option By Size so the mesh is created in the smallest volume
or area first. This helps ensure that your mesh is adequately dense in smaller volumes or
areas and that the mesh is of a higher quality.
8.2 Generating the Mesh Using xMESH Commands

To mesh the model, you must use a meshing operation that is appropriate for the entity
type being meshed. You can mesh key points, lines, areas, and volumes using the
commands and GUI paths described below.

 To generate point elements (such as MASS21) at keypoints:

Command(s): KMESH
GUI: Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ Mesh→ Keypoints
 To generate line elements (such as LINK31) on lines:

Command(s): LMESH
GUI: Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ Mesh→ Lines
Also see Generating a Beam Mesh With Orientation Nodes for information about special
beam meshing procedures.
 To generate area elements (such as PLANE82) on areas:

Command(s): AMESH, AMAP
GUI: Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ Mesh→ Areas→ Mapped→ 3 or 4
sided
Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ Mesh→ Areas→ Free

Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ Mesh→ Areas→ Target Surf
Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ Mesh→ Areas→ Mapped→ By Corners
If you need to mesh multiple areas at one time, you should consider issuing the
MOPT,ORDER,ON command so the mesh is created in the smallest area first. This helps
ensure that your mesh is adequately dense in smaller areas and that the mesh is of a higher
quality.
 To generate volume elements (such as SOLID90) in volumes:

Command(s) VMESH
GUI: Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ Mesh→ Volumes→ Mapped→ 4 to 6
sided
Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ Mesh→ Volumes→ Free

Also see Generating a Volume Mesh From Facets and Generating a Volume Mesh By
Sweeping for information about special volume meshing procedures.
 To generate interface elements (such as INTER192) of uniform thickness along

lines or areas:
Command(s): IMESH
GUI: Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ Mesh→ Interface Mesh→ 2D Interface
Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ Mesh→ Interface Mesh→ 3D Interface
8.3. Mesh Controls

The default mesh controls that the ANSYS program uses may produce a mesh that is
adequate for the model you are analyzing. In this case, you will not need to specify any
mesh controls. However, if you do use mesh controls, you must set them before meshing
your solid model.
Mesh controls allow you to establish such factors as the element shape, mid side node
placement, and element size to be used in meshing the solid model. This step is one of the
\most important of your entire analysis, for the decisions you make at this stage in your
model development will profoundly affect the accuracy and economy of your analysis
8.4. The ANSYS Mesh Tool

The ANSYS Mesh Tool (Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ MeshTool) provides
a convenient path to many of the most common mesh controls, as well as to the most
frequently performed meshing operations. The Mesh Tool is an interactive "tool box," not
only because of the numerous functions (or tools) that it contains, but also because once
you open it, it remains open until you either close it or you exit PREP7.
Although all of the functions available via the Mesh Tool are also available via the
traditional ANSYS commands and menus, using the Mesh Tool is a valuable shortcut.
The many functions available via the Mesh Tool include:

 Controlling Smart Sizing levels
 Setting element size controls
 Specifying element shape
 Specifying meshing type (free or mapped)
 Meshing solid model entities

 Clearing meshes
 Refining meshes
This guide covers all of these functions in detail. For details about the MeshTool, access it
using the path listed above and click on its Help button.
8.5 Changing the Mesh

If you decide that the generated mesh is not appropriate, you can easily change the mesh
by one of the following methods:
 Re-mesh with new element size specifications.
 Use the accept/reject prompt to discard the mesh, then re-mesh.
 Clear the mesh, redefine mesh controls, and re-mesh.
 Refine the mesh locally.
 Improve the mesh (for tetrahedral element meshes only).
 Details of these methods are discussed below.

8.6 Clearing the Mesh
Clearing the mesh of nodes and elements is not always required before re-meshing.
However, you do have to clear the mesh in order to respecify LESIZE settings. You also
have to clear the mesh if you want to change the underlying solid model.
To clear the mesh from keypoints [KCLEAR], lines [LCLEAR], areas [ACLEAR], or
volumes [VCLEAR], pick Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Meshing→ Clear→ entity
type in the GUI. Solution
In the solution phase of an analysis, the computer takes over and solves the simultaneous
set of equations that the finite element method generates. The results of the solution are:
Nodal degree of freedom values, which form the primary solution
Derived values, which form the element solution.

9 SELECTING A SOLVER
Several methods of solving the system of simultaneous equations are available in the
ANSYS program: sparse direct solution, Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG)
solution, Jacobi Conjugate Gradient (JCG) solution, Incomplete Cholesky Conjugate
Gradient (ICCG) solution, frontal direct solution, and an automatic iterative solver option
(ITER). The sparse direct solver is the default solver for all analyses, except for
electromagnetic analyses with CIRCU124 elements present, analyses that include both p-
elements and constraint equations, and substructuring analyses (which each use the frontal
direct solver by default). In addition to these solvers, the Parallel Performance for ANSYS
add-on product includes the Algebraic Multigrid (AMG) solver as well as distributed
versions of the PCG, JCG, and Sparse solvers for use in Distributed ANSYS.
You can select a solver using one of the following:
Command(s): EQSLV
GUI: Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Loads→ Analysis Type→ Analysis Options
Main Menu→ Solution→ Load Step Options→ Sol'n Control ( : Sol'n Options Tab)
Main Menu→ Solution→ Analysis Options
Main Menu→ Solution→ Unabridged Menu→ Analysis Options
9.1 Obtaining the Solution

To initiate the solution, use one of the following:
Command(s): SOLVE GUI: Main Menu→ Solution→ Current LS or Run FLOTRAN
Because the solution phase generally requires more computer resources that the other
phases of an analysis, it is better suited to batch (background) mode than interactive mode.
The solver writes output to the output file (Job name.OUT) and the results file. If you run
the solution interactively, the output "file" is actually your screen (window). By using one
of the following before issuing SOLVE, you can divert the output to a file instead of the
screen:
Command(s): /OUTPUT GUI: Utility Menu→ File→ Switch Output to→ File or Output
Window
Data written to the output file consist of the following:
 Load summary information

 Mass and moments of inertia of the model
 Solution summary information
 A final closing banner that gives total CPU time and elapsed time.
 Data requested by the OUTPR output control command or its GUI counterpart
10 ANIMATION
Animation is a valuable tool for graphically interpreting many analysis results, especially
nonlinear or time-dependent behavior. The ANSYS program provides tools that enable
you to animate any type of display.
Many workstations, PCs, and some terminals having local segment memory support
animation. However, some hardware platforms do not support online animation well (or at
all). An alternative to online animation is to capture a sequence of images offline, frame
by frame, on film or videotape
10.1 Creating Animated Displays Within ANSYS

The easiest way to perform animation in ANSYS is to use the functions available under
Utility Menu→ PlotCtrls→ Animate
10.2 Using the Basic Animation Commands

You can display several frames in rapid succession to achieve an animation effect, via
these commands: Command(s): /SEG,
ANIM
GUI: Utility Menu→ PlotCtrls→ Redirect Plots→ Delete Segments
Utility Menu→ PlotCtrls→ Redirect Plots→ Segment Status
Utility Menu→ PlotCtrls→ Redirect Plots→ To Segment Memory (UNIX)
Utility Menu→ PlotCtrls→ Redirect Plots→ To Animation File (Windows)
Utility Menu→ PlotCtrls→ Animate→ Replay Animation
Utility Menu→ PlotCtrls→ Animate→ Replay Animation

11 POSTPROCESSING
After building the model and obtaining the solution, you will want answers to some
critical questions: Will the design really work when put to use? How high are the stresses
in this region? How does the temperature of this part vary with time? What is the heat loss
across this face of my model? How does the magnetic flux flow through this device? How
does the placement of this object affect fluid flow? The postprocessors in the ANSYS
program can help you answer these questions and others.
Postprocessing means reviewing the results of an analysis. It is probably the most
important step in the analysis, because you are trying to understand how the applied loads
affect your design, how good your finite element mesh is, and so on.
11.1 Reading in Results Data

The SET command (Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Read Results→ datatype) reads
results data over the entire model from the results file into the database for a particular
loading condition, replacing any data previously stored in the database. The boundary
condition information (constraints and force loads) is also read in, but only if either
element nodal loads or reaction loads are available;
Some convenience labels are also available on SET:
 SET,FIRST reads in the first substep. The GUI equivalent is Main Menu→
General Postproc→ Read Results→ First Set.
 SET,NEXT reads in the next substep. The GUI equivalent is Main Menu→
General Postproc→ Read Results→ Next Set.
 SET,LAST reads in the last substep. The GUI equivalent is Main Menu→
General Postproc→ Read Results→ Last Set
11.2 Creating an Element Table

In the ANSYS program, the element table serves two functions. First, it is a tool for
performing arithmetic operations among results data. Second, it allows access to certain
element results data that are not otherwise directly accessible, such as derived data for
structural line elements.
Think of the element table as a spreadsheet, where each row represents an element, and
each column represents a particular data item for the elements. For example, one column

might contain the average SX stress for the elements, while another might contain the
element volumes, while yet a third might contain the Y coordinate of the centroid for each
element.
To create or erase the element table, use one of the following:

Command(s): ETABLE
GUI: Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Element Table→ Define Table
Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Element Table→ Erase Table
11.3 Reading in FLOTRAN Results

To read results data from the FLOTRAN "residual" file into the database, issue the
FLREAD command (Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Read Results→ FLOTRAN ).
FLOTRAN results (Job name.RFL) are read with the normal postprocessing functions or
commands, such as SET (Utility Menu→ List→ Results→ Load Step Summary
12 DISPLAYING RESULTS GRAPHICALLY

Graphics displays are perhaps the most effective way to review results. You can display
the following types of graphics in POST1:
 Contour displays
 Deformed shape displays
 Vector displays
 Path plots
 Reaction force displays
 Particle flow traces.
12.1. Contour Displays

Contour displays show how a result item (such as stress, temperature, magnetic flux
density, etc.) varies over the model. Four commands are available for contour displays:
Command(s): PLNSOL
GUI: Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Plot Results→ Contour Plot→ Nodal Solu
Command(s): PLESOL
GUI: Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Plot Results→ Contour Plot→ Element Solu

Command(s): PLETAB
GUI: Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Plot Results→ Contour Plot→ Elem Table
Command(s): PLLS
GUI: Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Plot Results→ Line Elem Res
12.2 Deformed Shape Displays

You can use these in a structural analysis to see how the structure has deformed under the
applied loads. To generate a deformed shape display, use one of the following:
Command(s): PLDISP GUI: Utility Menu→ Plot→ Results→ Deformed Shape
Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Plot Results→ Deformed Shape
12.3 Vector Displays

Vector displays use arrows to show the variation of both the magnitude and direction of a
vector quantity in the model. Examples of vector quantities are displacement (U), rotation
(ROT), magnetic vector potential (A), magnetic flux density (B), thermal flux (TF),
thermal gradient (TG), fluid velocity (V), principal stresses (S), etc.
To produce a vector display, use one of the following:
Command(s): PLVECT GUI: Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Plot Results→ Vector
Plot→ Predefined
Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Plot Results→ Vector Plot→ User-Defined
To scale the arrow lengths, use one of the following:
Command(s): /VSCALE
GUI: Utility Menu→ PlotCtrls→ Style→ Vector Arrow Scaling
12.4 Reaction Force Displays

These are similar to boundary condition displays and are activated using the labels RFOR
or RMOM on the /PBC command. Any subsequent display (produced by commands such
as NPLOT, EPLOT, or PLDISP) will include reaction force symbols at points where DOF
constraints were specified. The sum of nodal forces for a DOF belonging to a constraint
equation does not include the force passing through that equation. Like reactions, you can
also display nodal forces using labels NFOR or NMOM on the /PBC command (Utility
Menu→ PlotCtrls→ Symbols). These are forces exerted by an element on its node. The
sum of these forces at each node is usually zero except at constrained nodes or at nodes
where loads were applied.
By default, the force (or moment) values that are printed and plotted represent the total
forces (sum of the static, damping, and inertial components). The FORCE command
(Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Options for Outp) allows you to separate the total
force into individual components.
13 LISTING RESULTS IN TABULAR FORM

An effective way of documenting analysis results (for reports, presentations, etc.) is to
produce tabular listings in POST1. Listing options are available for nodal and element
solution data, reaction data, element table data, and more.
13.1 Listing Nodal and Element Solution Data

To list specified nodal solution data (primary as well as derived), use either of the
following:
Command(s): PRNSOL
GUI: Main Menu→ General Postproc→ List Results→ Nodal Solution

To list specified results for selected elements, use one of these methods
Command(s): PRESOL
GUI: Main Menu→ General Postproc→ List Results→ Element Solution

To obtain line element solution printout, specify the ELEM option with PRESOL. The
program will list all applicable element results for the selected elements.
13.2 Listing Reaction Loads and Applied Loads

You have several options in POST1 for listing reaction loads and applied loads. The
PRRSOL command (Main Menu→ General Postproc→ List Results→ Reaction Solu)
lists reactions at constrained nodes in the selected set. The FORCE command dictates
which component of the reaction data is listed: total (default), static, damping, or inertia.
PRNLD (Main Menu→ General Postproc→ List Results→ Nodal Loads) lists the
summed element nodal loads for the selected nodes, except for any zero values.

Another useful command is FSUM. FSUM calculates and lists the force and moment
summation for the selected set of nodes.
Command(s): FSUM
GUI: Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Nodal Calcs→ Total Force Sum
The NFORCE command provides the force and moment summation for each selected
node, in addition to an overall summation.
Command(s): NFORCE
GUI: Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Nodal Calcs→ Sum @ Each Node
The SPOINT command defines the point (any point other than the origin) about which
moments are summed.
GUI: Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Nodal Calcs→ Summation Pt→ At Node
Main Menu→ General Postproc→ Nodal Calcs→ Summation Pt→ At XYZ Loc
14 THE REPORT GENERATOR

The report generator allows you to capture graphical and numerical data at any time
throughout the analysis process and then assemble an HTML-based report using the
captured data.
To capture data, you can use the report generator interactively or in batch mode. To
assemble a report using the captured data, you can use any of these tools:
 The report generator itself (either interactively or in batch mode)
 A third-party (external) HTML editor
 Third-party (external) presentation software.
Using the report generator is a straightforward process, as follows:

 Start the report generator and specify a directory to store your data and report(s).
 Capture data (images, animations, tables and listings) that you want to include in
your report.
 Assemble your report using the captured data.

14.1 Starting the Report Generator
To start the report generator, select Utility Menu→ File→ Report Generator. Result: The
ANSYS Report Generation window appears

14.2 Capturing an Image

This section describes how to capture and store a still image, either interactively or within
a batch run.
The report generator saves images to the images subdirectory of your specified report
directory. The name of each file is imagen.png, where n is a sequential numeric identifier
beginning at 1 and incrementing as you capture additional images.
Follow these steps to capture a still image using the report generator GUI:
1. Click on the Image Capture button.
Result: The Image Capture dialog appears.
2. Specify a caption for the captured image (for example, “Pentagonal Prism”).
The caption can contain APDL parameters in the format %parm%. (Specify “%%” if you
want to display the “%” character in your caption.)
3. Click on the OK button.
Result: The report generator issues this report command to the ANSYS program and saves
the image to your report directory:
14.3 Capturing Animation

This section describes how to capture and store an animation sequence, either interactively
or within a batch run. (Animation capture is possible only in postprocessing after issuing a
SET command.)
The report generator saves all individual image files comprising an animation sequence to
a subdirectory (of your specified report directory) named animseq_n, where n is a
sequential numeric identifier beginning at 1 and incrementing as you capture additional
animations. The functions for accessing the animation reside in ansysAnimations.js, a
JavaScript file in the report directory.
Follow these steps to capture an animation sequence using the report generator GUI:
1. Click on the Animation Capture button.
Result: The Animation Capture dialog appears.
2. Specify a caption for the captured animation (for example, “Prism Deformed
Shape Animation Result").
The caption can contain APDL parameters in the format %parm%. (Specify
“%%” if you want to display the “%” character in your caption.)
3. Specify the type of animation sequence to capture (such as mode shape, deformed
shape, etc.) as applicable.
Result: The report generator issues this report command to the ANSYS program:
Also, the animation settings window associated with the animation type you
selected (for example, Animate Mode Shape or Animate Deformed Shape)
appears.
5. Modify the animation settings or accept the default settings, then click on the OK
button.
Result: The report generator saves the animation sequence
14.4 Capturing a Data Table
This section describes how to capture and store a data table, either interactively or within a
batch run.
The report generator appends captured table data to ansysTables.js, a file in your specified
report directory containing the JavaScript functions for accessing your table data. (The file
contains code to generate HTML as well as comments that hold the table information in a
tab-delimited form, allowing you to paste the table data into software other than an HTML
document.) The report generator assigns the name table_n to each captured table, where n
is a sequential numeric identifier beginning at 1 and incrementing as you capture
additional tables.
Follow these steps to capture a data table using the report generator GUI:
1. Click on the Table Capture button.
2. Result: The Table Capture dialog appears.
Specify a caption for the captured animation
The caption can contain APDL parameters in the format %parm%. (Specify “%%” if you
want to display the “%” character in your caption.)
Select a predefined table type from the list. (The report generator filters the list of
available table types based on the current analysis.)
If you select the “Material properties” table type, specify the currently defined materials
via the Material Selection field.
Note
ANSYS does not display a material property which has no value associated with it.
If you select the Custom Table option, specify the table size (that is, the number of
columns and rows) via the Custom Table Size field.
Click on the OK button.
Result: The report generator saves your captured table data. However, if you have selected
the Custom Table
14.5 Capturing a Listing

This section describes how to capture the results of an ANSYS command, either
interactively or within a batch run.
The report generator appends listing data to ansysListings.js, a file in your specified report
directory containing the JavaScript functions for accessing the listing. (The file contains
code to generate HTML as well as comments that hold the list information, allowing you
to paste the listing into software other than an HTML document.) The report generator
assigns the name listing_n to each captured listing, where n is a sequential numeric
identifier beginning at 1 and incrementing as you capture additional listings.
If you intend to use a captured listing in an HTML report (assembled using either the
report generator or a third-party HTML tool), be aware that HTML sizes the text smaller if
its width is greater than 132 columns; however, all text associated with the listing may still
not fit on a printed page.
Follow these steps to capture a listing using the report generator GUI:
1. Click on the Listing Capture button.
Result: The Listing Data Capture dialog appears.
2. Specify a caption for the listing (for example, “Prism Model Area Listing”).
3. Specify the ANSYS command to issue to generate the output text.
Result: The report generator issues this report command to the ANSYS program and saves
the listing:
15 ASSEMBLING A REPORT
This section describes how to assemble your captured image and text data into a report
interactively, within a batch run, or manually using the JavaScript interface.

15.1 Interactive Report Assembly

Follow these steps to assemble your report using the report generator GUI:
1. Click on the HTML Report Assembler button.
2. Assemble the components of your report. Click on the buttons and thumbnail
images in the left panel to add your captured images and text, and other
components
3. Preview and clean up your report,
4. Save your work.
Select File→ Save periodically (or File→ Save and Close to save your report and close
the report assembler window

Exercise No : 1
Date :2/6/15
ANALYSIS OF BEAMS -1
Analyse the given structure using ANSYS and sketch the deflection, shear force and
bending moment pattern.
Given beam size : 300mm x 500mm and M25concrete
PROCEDURE
 Model the structure
ANSYS Utility Menu → Work plane → WP Settings
 Check the Cartesian and Grid Only buttons. Enter the values as required.
 Create the keypoints on the working plane
Pre-processor → Modelling → Create → Key points → On Working plane
 Create lines connecting the key points.
Pre-processor → Modelling → Create → Lines → Lines → Straight Line
 Assign material properties to the structure.
Pre-processor → Material Props → Material Models → Structural → Linear →
Elastic → Isotropic.
 Assign element properties.
Pre-processor → Element Type → Add/Edit l/Delete
 Type 1 in the Element type reference number. Click on Structural Beam and select
2D elastic. Click OK. Close the 'Element types' window.
 Define the geometric properties of the element.
Pre-processor → Real Constants.
 Divide the structure into different elements.

Pre-processor → Meshing → Size Controls → Manual Size → Lines → AII
Lines
 Enter the number of divisions in the box and click ok.
Pre-processor → Meshing → Mesh → Lines. Select all the lines and click on OK
in the "Mesh Lines" dialog box.
 Apply boundary conditions to the structure.
Pre-processor → Loads → define Loads → Apply → Structural → displacement
→ on key points
 Apply loads to the nodes.
Pre-processor → Loads → define Loads → Apply → Forces/Moment → On
Nodes.
 Now perform solution.
ANSYS Main Menu → Solution → Analysis Type → New Analysis. Solution →
Solve → Current LS
 Post processing.
General Post processing → List Results → Nodal Solution
 Determine the deflections at the loaded node.
Deformed shape

Bending moment

Exercise No : 2
Date :2/6/15
PROCEDURE


Lines
→ on key points
Nodes.
Deformed shape

Bending moment
Shear force

Exercise No : 3
Date :2/6/15
ANALYSIS OF BEAMS 3
PROCEDURE

Lines
→ on key points
Nodes.
Deformed shape

Bending moment

Exercise No : 4
Date :5/6/15
PROCEDURE

Lines
→ on key points
Nodes.

Deformed shape
Bending moment

Shear force

Exercise No : 5
Date :5/6/15
PROCEDURE

Lines
→ on key points
Nodes.
Deformed shape

Bending moment
Shear force

Exercise No : 6
Date :5/6/15
PROCEDURE


Lines
→ on key points
Nodes.
Deformed shape
Bending moment
Shear force

Exercise No : 7
Date :9/6/15
ANALYSIS OF TRUSS -1
Analyse the given steel truss using ANSYS and sketch the deflection and axial force
pattern.
Given: E=200 GPa and µ=0.3
Area of members =1000mm2
PROCEDURE
 Modelling the structure
Work-plane→ change active CS to→ global Cartesian
 Enter keypoints
Pre-processor → modelling →create →key points →In active CS
 Create lines connecting keypoints
Pre-processor → Modelling→ Create → Lines → Lines → In Active CS
 Define the type of element
Pre-processor → Element Type → Add/Edit/Delete→ type 1 link 1→ 3D spar

element
 Define material properties
Pre-processor→Material Props→Material Models→Structural→Linear→
Elastic →Isotropic
 Define geometric properties
Pre-processor → Real Constants→ Add
Pre-processor→Meshing→Size Controls→Manual Size→Lines→AII Lines
Pre-processor→Meshing→Mesh→Lines. Select all the lines and click on OK in
the "Mesh Lines" dialog box.
 Define analysis type
ANSYS Main Menu→Solution→Analysis Type→ New Analysis→ static
 Apply constraints
Pre-processor→Loads→define Loads→Apply→Structural→displacement→on
key points
 Apply loads
Pre-processor→Loads→define Loads→Apply→Forces/Moment→On keypoints
Solution→solve→current LS
 Post processing
General Post processing → List Results→reaction solution
General Post processing → plot Results→ deformed shape
General Post processing → plot Results→contour plot→nodal solution
General post processing →element table→define table→add
Element table→plot element table

Deformations
Axial force diagram

Exercise No : 8
Date :9/6/15
pattern.
Area of members =1000mm2
PROCEDURE
 Enter keypoints
element


key points
 Apply loads
 Post processing

Deformed shape
Axial force diagram

Bending moment diagram
Shear force

Exercise No : 9
Date :9/6/15
ANALYSIS OF TRUSS 3
pattern.
Area of diagonal members =19000mm2
Area of horizontal members =24000mm2
PROCEDURE
 Enter keypoints
element

key points
 Apply loads
 Post processing

deformed shape
Axial force diagram

Exercise No : 10
Date :12/6/15
pattern.
Area of members =0.01 m2
PROCEDURE
 Enter keypoints


element
key points
 Apply loads
 Post processing

Deformed shape
Axial force diagram

Exercise No : 11
Date :12/6/15
pattern.
Given: Outside members Steel (E=200GPa, µ=0.3, A=3000mm2)
Inside members Aluminum (E=69 GPa, µ=0.33, A=5000mm2)
PROCEDURE
 Enter keypoints
element


key points
 Apply loads
 Post processing

Deformed shape
Axial force diagram

Exercise No : 12
Date :16/6/15
ANALYSIS OF BRACKET WITHOUT FILLET
Analyse the Steel Bracket shown in the figure using ANSYS. The thickness of bracket is
3.125mm. Assume the structure is made of steel with modulus of elasticity E=200 GPa.
The bracket is loaded uniformly along its top surface. The load is 2625 N/m. Plot
deformed shape. Determine the principal stress

PROCEDURE
Step 1- Build geometry
Utility menu → plot controls →on required numbering options →apply
1. Preprocessor→Modeling→Create→keypoints→In active CS
2. Preprocessor→Modeling→Create→Areas→Arbitrary→Thru KPs
3. Preprocessor→Modeling→Create→Areas→Circle→By End Points
4. Preprocessor→Modeling→Operate→Boolean→Add→Areas
5. Preprocessor→Modeling→Create→Areas→Circle→Solid circle
6. Preprocessor→Modeling→Operate→Boolean→Subtract→Areas
Step 2 preference
Preference→structural→ok
Step 3- Element type
1. Preprocessor→Element type→ Add/Edit/Delete→Add→Solid→Quad 8 node 82→OK
Options→Element behavior K3→ plane strs w/thk→OK→Close
Step 4-Real constants
1. Preprocessor→Real Constants→ Add/Edit/Delete→Add→OK
Thickness THK 0.003125→OK→Close
Step 5-Material properties
1. Preprocessor→Material props→ Material Models→Structural→Linear→Elastic
→Isotropic
Step 6-Meshing
1. Meshing→Mesh tools→global set(edge length 0.01)→Shape→Tri→Mesh
Step 7- Apply Loads
1. Preprocessor→Load→Analysis Type→New Analysis→Static→OK
2. Preprocessor→Load→Define loads→Apply→Structural→Displacement→On Lines

3. Preprocessor→Load→Define loads→Apply→Structural→Pressure→On Lines
Step 8-Solution
1. Solution →Analysis type → New Analysis→ Static→OK
2 Solution →Solve→Current LS→OK→Close
Step 9- Results
1. 1. General Postproc→Plot Results→Deformed Shape→Def+ undeformed→OK

2. General Postproc→Plot Results→Contour Plot→Element Solution→Stress→1st

Principle Stress, 2nd Principle Stress, 3rd Principle Stress, Von Mises Stress→OK.
1st Principle Stress

2nd principal stress
Von Mises Stress

Exercise No : 13
Date :16/6/15
ANALYSIS OF BRACKET WITH FILLET

Analyze the Steel Bracket shown in the figure using ANSYS. The thickness of bracket is
3.125mm. Assume the structure is made of steel with modulus of elasticity E=200 GPa.
The bracket is loaded uniformly along its top surface. The load is 2625 N/m. Plot
deformed shape. Determine the principal stress

PROCEDURE
Step 1- Build geometry
Utility menu → plot controls →on required numbering options →apply
1. Preprocessor→Modeling→Create→keypoints→In active CS
2. Preprocessor→Modeling→Create→Areas→Arbitrary→Thru KPs
3. Preprocessor→Modeling→Create→Areas→Circle→By End Points
5. Preprocessor→Modeling→Create→Areas→Circle→Solid circle
6. Preprocessor→Modeling→Operate→Boolean→Subtract→Areas
7. Preprocessor→Modeling→Create→Lines→Line Fillet
8. Preprocessor→Modeling→Create→Areas→Arbitrary→By Lines
Step 2 preference
Preference→structural→ok
Step 3- Element type
1. Preprocessor→Element type→ Add/Edit/Delete→Add→Solid→Quad 8 node 82→OK
Options→Element behavior K3→ plane strs w/thk→OK→Close
Step 4-Real constants
1. Preprocessor→Real Constants→ Add/Edit/Delete→Add→OK
Thickness THK 0.003125→OK→Close
Step 5-Material properties
1. Preprocessor→Material props→ Material Models→Structural→Linear→Elastic
→Isotropic
Step 6-Meshing
1. Meshing→Mesh tools→global set(edge length 0.01)→Shape→Tri→Mesh
Step 7- Apply Loads
1. Preprocessor→Load→Analysis Type→New Analysis→Static→OK
2. Preprocessor→Load→Define loads→Apply→Structural→Displacement→On Lines
3. Preprocessor→Load→Define loads→Apply→Structural→Pressure→On Lines
Step 8-Solution
1. Solution →Analysis type → New Analysis→ Static→OK
2. Solution →Solve→Current LS→OK→Close
Step 7- Results

1. General Postproc→Plot Results→Deformed Shape→Def+ undeformed→OK
2.General Postproc→Plot Results→Contour Plot→Element Solution→Stress→1st

Principle Stress, 2nd Principle Stress, 3rd Principle Stress, Von Mises Stress→OK.
1st Principle Stress

2nd Principle Stress
3rd Principle Stress

Von Mises Stress

Step 9 –Save and Exit
Utility Menue →File →Save As→ Select Folder →Ok
Tool Bar→ Exit →Save Everything →Ok

Exercise No : 14
Date :19/6/15
ANALYSIS OF PLATE-PLANE STRESS PROBLEM
Analyse the given steel plate using ANSYS and sketch the contour plot. Thickness of the
plate is 2mm
PROCEDURE
1. Preference –structural- ok
2. Preprocessor- element type- add- solid- Quad 4 node 42- ok
3. Preprocessor- element type- options- K3- plane stress with thickness- ok
4. Preprocessor- real constants- add- thickness
5. Preprocesses- material properties- material models- structural- linear- elastic-
isotropic
6. Preprocessor- modeling- create- area- rectangle- by dimension
7. Preprocessor- modeling –create- circle- solid circle
8. Preprocessor- modeling- operate- Boolean-subtract-areas
9. Preprocessor- mesh- mesh attributes- default- ok
St Joseph’s College of Engg & Technology, Palai Page 75

10. Preprocessor- mesh- size control- manual size- areas- all area
11. Preprocessor- mesh- areas- free- pick- ok
12. Solution- analysis type- new- static- ok
13. Solution-define loads- apply-structural- displacement- on lines- pick both
boundaries- all DOF
14. Solution- define loads- apply- structural- pressure- all lines- pick inside of circle-
ok
15. Solution –solve-current LS
16. General post processor- plot results
Modeling

Von –mises diagram

Exercise No : 15
Date :19/6/15
ANALYSIS OF PLATE BENDING PROBLEM
Analyse the given steel plate using ANSYS and sketch the contour plot.
Load on the plate = 5kN/m2
PROCEDURE
1. Preferences- structural- ok
2. Preprocessor- element type- add- shell- elastic 4 node 63- options
3. Preprocessor- real constants- add- thickness
4. Preprocessor- material properties- material model
5. Preprocessor- modeling- create- area- rectangle- apply- ok
6. Preprocessor- meshing- mesh attributes- default- ok
7. Preprocessor- meshing- size control- manual size- area- ok
8. Preprocessor- meshing-mesh- area- free- pick- ok
9. Solution-analysis type-new- static- ok
10. Solution- define- apply- structural- displacement- on lines- pick lines- ok- all
DOF-ok
11. Solution- define- pressure- on areas

12. Solution- solve
Modeling
Von mises diagram

ETABS

INTRODUCTION TO ETABS
ETABS is an engineering software product that caters to multi-story building analysis and
design. Modeling tools and templates, code-based load prescriptions, analysis methods
and solution techniques, all coordinate with the grid-like geometry unique to this class of
structure. Basic or advanced systems under static or dynamic conditions may be evaluated
using ETABS. For a sophisticated assessment of seismic performance, modal and direct-
integration time-history analyses may couple with P-Delta and Large Displacement
effects. Nonlinear links and concentrated PMM or fiber hinges may capture material
nonlinearity under monotonic or hysteretic behavior. Intuitive and integrated features
make applications of any complexity practical to implement. Interoperability with a series
of design and documentation platforms makes ETABS a coordinated and productive tool
for designs which range from simple 2D frames to elaborate modern high-rises.
Modeling of Structural Systems

Fundamental to ETABS modeling is the generalization that multi-story buildings typically
consist of identical or similar floor plans that repeat in the vertical direction. Modeling
features that streamline analytical-model generation, and simulate advanced seismic
systems, are listed as follows:
 Templates for global-system and local-element modeling
 Customized section geometry and constitutive behavior
 Grouping of frame and shell objects
 Link assignment for modeling isolators, dampers, and other advanced seismic
systems
 Nonlinear hinge specification
 Automatic meshing with manual options
 Editing and assignment features for plan, elevation, and 3D views
Loading, Analysis, and Design

Once modeling is complete, ETABS automatically generates and assigns code-based
loading conditions for gravity, seismic, wind, and thermal forces. Users may specify an
unlimited number of load cases and combinations.

Analysis capabilities then offer advanced nonlinear methods for characterization of static-
pushover and dynamic response. Dynamic considerations may include modal, response-
spectrum, or time-history analysis. P-delta effect account for geometric nonlinearity.
Given enveloping specification, design features will automatically size elements and
systems, design reinforcing schemes, and otherwise optimize the structure according to
desired performance measures.
Output, Interoperability, and Versatility

Output and display formats are also practical and intuitive. Moment, shear, and axial force
diagrams, presented in 2D and 3D views with corresponding data sets, may be organized
into customizable reports. Also available are detailed section cuts depicting various local
response measures. Global perspectives depicting static displaced configurations or video
animations of time-history response are available as well.
ETABS also features interoperability with related software products, providing for the
import of architectural models from various technical drawing software, or export to
various platforms and file formats. SAFE, the floor and foundation slab design software
with post-tensioning (PT) capability, is one such option for export. CSI coordinated SAFE
to be used in conjunction with ETABS such that engineers could more thoroughly detail,
analyze, and design the individual levels of an ETABS model.
While ETABS features a variety of sophisticated capabilities, the software is equally

useful for designing basic systems. ETABS is the practical choice for all grid-like
applications ranging from simple 2D frames to the most complex high rises.
ETABS Menu Commands:

 File
 Edit
 View
 Define
 Draw
 Select
 Assign
 Analyze

 Display
 Design
 Options
 Help
Basic Process
The following provides a broad overview of the basic modeling, analysis, and design
processes:
1. Set the units.
2. Open a file.
3. Set up grid lines.
4. Define story levels.
5. Define member properties.
6. Draw structural objects.
7. Assign properties.
8. Define load cases.
9. Assign loads.
10. Edit the model geometry.
11. View the model.
12. Analyze the model.
13. Display results for checking.
14. Design the model.
15. Generate output.
16. Save the model.
Figure: The ETABS graphical user interface

Main Title Bar. The main title bar includes the program and model names. The main title
bar is highlighted when the program is in use. Move the main window by left clicking in
the main title bar and holding down the mouse button as you drag Toolbars and Buttons.
Toolbars are made up of buttons. Buttons provide "one-click" access to commonly used
commands. Holding the mouse pointer over a toolbar button for a few seconds without
clicking or holding down any mouse buttons will display a short description of the button's
function in a small text box.. Display Windows. A display window shows the geometry of
the model and may also include displays of properties, loading and analysis or design
results. Up to four windows may display at any one time.
ETABS “Screen”/ The ETABS Window - 3 2
1.Display Title Bar. The display title bar is located at the top of the display window. The
display title bar is highlighted when the associated display window is active. The text in
the display title bar typically includes the type and location of the view in the associated
display window.
2.Status Bar. The status bar is located at the bottom of the main window. Text describing
the current status of the program is displayed on the left side of the status bar.
3.Mouse Pointer Position Coordinates. The mouse pointer position coordinates are
displayed on the right-hand side of the status bar. A window does not need to be active for
the mouse pointer position coordinates to be displayed. It is only necessary that the
mouse pointer be over the window. In a two-dimensional plan or elevation view, the
mouse pointer position coordinates are always displayed. In a three- dimensional view, the
mouse pointer position coordinates are only displayed when the mouse pointer snaps to a
point or a grid line inter- section.
4."One Story" Drop-Down List. This drop-down list is on the right side of the status bar.
The three options in the drop-down list are One Story, All Stories, and Similar Stories.
With One Story, an object is applied only to the story level on which it is drawn. With All
Stories, an object drawn in the plan view is applied to all story levels in the model at the
same plan location. An assignment made to the selected objects also is made to the other
objects in the same plan location at all other story levels. With Similar Stories, an object
drawn in plan view is applied to all similar story levels in the model at the same plan

location. An assignment made to the selected objects is made to the other objects in the
same plan location at all similar story levels.
5.Current Units. The current units are displayed in a drop-down list located on the far
right-hand side of the status bar. The units can be changed at any time during the model
creation process.
6. Analyze After a complete structural model has been created using the preceding
commands, the model can be analyzed to determine the resulting displacements,
forces/stresses and reactions. Before running an analysis, use the Set Analysis Options
command on the Analyze menu to control the active degrees of freedom and use Check
Model to ensure that objects do not overlap and that objects are connected. To run the
analysis, select Run Analysis from the Analyze menu, or click the Run Analysis button on
the toolbar. The program saves the data, then checks and analyzes the model. During the
checking and analysis phases, messages from the analysis engine appear in a monitor
window. When the analysis is complete, the scroll bar on the monitor window can be used
to scroll through and review the analysis messages. No other ETABS operations may be
performed while the analysis is pro- ceeding and the monitor window is present on the
screen. However, other Windows applications can be run during this time.
7. Display The Display menu commands are used to view the model and the results of the
analysis. Graphical and tabular displays are available in this program. Display items may
be chosen from the Display menu or accessed using toolbar buttons.
7.1Graphical Displays – Different types of graphical display may be selected for each
display window. Each window may also have its own view orientation and display
options. Undeformed geometry, loads and analysis results can all be displayed. Details of
the dis-User's Guide 2 played results can be obtained by clicking on an object with the
right mouse button
7.2 Tabular Displays – Tabular information can be displayed for the model by choosing
the Show Tables command. Choose the tables to be viewed. If objects are selected prior to
using the commands, certain tables will only be available for the selected objects. If no
objects are selected, the tables produced are for the entire model. Tabular data can also be
printed using the commands available on the File menu.

8. Design After an analysis has been completed, frames, composite beams, joists, and
shear walls can be designed with respect to design code requirements. Design may be
performed for the given design combinations by choosing the appropriate Design menu
command. Before designing, verify the selected design code using the
9. Options menu > Preferences command. Graphical displays of design parameters are
available. Tabular design information can also be printed using commands from the File
menu. Preferences The program allows custom setting of some parameters using the
Options menu > Preferences command, including the design code, reinforcing bar
sizes, tolerances, and fonts.

Exercise No : 16
Date :23/6/15
ANALYSIS OF FRAME -1
Analyse the given structure using ETABS and sketch the deflection, shear force and
bending moment pattern for the given loading
Given
Width of beam = 200mm
Moment of inertia,I = 3 x 108 mm4
Fck = 25N/mm2
PROCEDURE:
 Open the ETABS Program
 Check the units of the model in the drop-down box in the lower right-hand corner
of the ETABS window, click the drop-down box to set units to KN-m
 Click the File menu →New Model command select No. Building Plan Grid
System and Story Data Definition will be displayed
 Select Edit →Edit Grid Data →Edit Grid. Make Necessary changes in the gird
line spacing as per the given question.

 Define the design code using Options →Preferences →Concrete Frame Design
Command. Select the preference as Indian IS 456:2000.
 Click the Define menu → Material Properties Add New Material or
Modify/Show Material is used to define material properties.
 Define →Frame section →Add Rectangular
 Define beam and column dimensions.
 Generate model by drawing beams and columns using Draw→ Draw Line
Objects →Create line Command.
 Assign loads by selecting beams. Assign→ Frame/Line Loads→
Point/Distributed command.
 Assign support conditions using Assign → Joint/Point →Restraints (Support)
command.
 Run analysis from Analyze →Run Analysis.
 Design is carried out from Design → Concrete Frame Design → Start Concrete
Design.

Shear force diagram

Exercise No : 17
Date :23/6/15
Given
Moment of inertia,I = 4 x 108 mm4
Fck = 30N/mm2
PROCEDURE:

command.
Design.
Deformed shape

Shear force diagram

Exercise No : 18
Date :23/6/15
Given
Depth of beam = 400mm
Fck = 25N/mm2
PROCEDURE:
command.

Design.
PROCEDURE:


command.
Design.
Deformed shape

Shear force diagram

Exercise No : 19
Date :26/6/15
Given
Beam size = 200mm x 300mm
Column size = 300mm x 300mm
Fck = 25N/mm2
PROCEDURE:

command.
Design.
Deformed shape

Shear force diagram

Exercise No : 20
Date :26/6/15
Given
Beam size = 200mm x 300mm
Column size = 300mm x 300mm
Fck = 25N/mm2
PROCEDURE:
command.

Design.

Deformed shape


Shear force diagram

Exercise No : 21
Date :26/6/15
ANALYSIS OF TRUSS-1
Analyse the given truss using ETABS and find the internal forces in all members for the
given loading
Given E = 20000 N/mm2
Use ISA sections
PROCEDURE:
 Define the design code using Options →Preferences →Steel Frame Design
Command. Select the preference as Indian IS 800: 1983.

 Define →Frame section →Add Angle. Define angle dimensions.

 Assign loads by selecting beams. Assign→ Frame/Line
Loads→Point/Distributed command.
command.
 Design is carried out from Design → Steel Frame Design → Start Steel Design.
Deformed shape diagram
Axial force diagram

Exercise No : 22
Date :30/6/15
ANALYSIS OF TRUSS-2
given loading
Use IS sections with area = 6000mm2 for horizontal & vertical members and 8000mm2 for
inclined members
PROCEDURE:

command.
Deformed shape

Axial force diagram

Exercise No : 23
Date :30/6/15
ANALYSIS OF TRUSS-3
given loading
Use ISA sections
PROCEDURE:

command.
Deformed shape

Axial force diagram

Exercise No : 24
Date :3/7/15
ANALYSIS OF TRUSS-4
given loading
Use ISMB 200 for outer members and ISA 60x60x6 for inner members
PROCEDURE:


command.
Model
Axial force diagram

Exercise No : 25
Date :3/7/15
ANALYSIS OF TRUSS-5
given loading
Use ISMB 200 for all members
PROCEDURE:


command.
Model
Axial force diagram

Exercise No : 26
Date :7/7/15
DESIGN OF MULTISTOREYED BUILDING-1
The plan of a 5 storeyed building situated in Kerala is given. Use the following details
 Beam size = 300mm x 300mm
 Column size = 300mm x 400mm
 Slab thickness= 120mm
 Storey height = 3.2m
 Live load on slabs = 3 kN/m2
 Use M25 concrete & Fe415 steel
Analysis and design the building for Dead load, Live load, Wind load & Earthquake load.
Earthquake parameters considered are:
Zone: V, Importance Factor 1, Medium soil,
Response Reduction Factor: 5

PROCEDURE:
1. CREATING MODEL
of the ETABS window, click the drop-down box to set units to kN-m
 Set the grid line and spacing between two grid lines. Set the number of stories as 5
and story height as 3.2m. Choose Grid Only.
2. DEFINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTIONS
 Click the Define menu → Material Properties

 Add New Material or Modify/Show Material is used to define material
properties.
 Here we define material as M25 with:
Compressive strength of 25000 kN/m2
Bending reinforcement yield stress of 415000 kN/m2
Shear reinforcement yield stress of 415000 kN/m2
Define beam as M25 of size 300mmX300mm and click Reinforcement command
to provide concrete cover of 40mm.
Define column as M25 with sizes of 300mmx400mm and click Reinforcement
command to provide concrete cover of 45mm and use two options Reinforcement
checked or designed.
 Define →wall/slab/deck
Define slab as membrane element and one way slab of thickness 120mm.

3 . GENERATING THE MODEL

Draw beam using Draw→ Draw Line Objects →Create Line in Regions or at
Clicks Command and draw column using Draw→ Draw Line Objects→ Create
Column Command.
Draw Slab using Draw→Draw Area Objects→Create Area at Clicks
4 DEFINING LOAD CASES

 Define various loads (Dead load, live load, Earthquake load, wind load)
 Dead Load: self weight multiplier is used 1 to calculate dead load as default.
 Live load of 3kN/mm2 .1st select the member where this load is to be assigned
then click the assign button.
 Wind speed is taken as 39m/sec.
 Define static load from Define → Static Load Cases
 The different loads are Live, Dead, EQX, EQY, WLX
 Press modify lateral load assign various values for EQX and EQY as per IS 1893.
 An importance factor of 1.5 should be given, seismic zone factor Z=0.16
5 ASSIGNING SUPPORT CONDITIONS

 Drop-down box in the lower right-hand corner of the ETABS window, Select only
base storey level to assign fixed support using Assign → Joint/Point→Restraints
(Support) command.
6. ANALYSIS
Run analysis from Analyze →Check Model Analyze →Run Analysis
7 DESIGN
Design is carried out from Design → Concrete Frame Design → Start Concrete Design

Deformed shape


Shear force diagram

Exercise No : 27
Date :7/7/15
DESIGN OF MULTISTOREYED BUILDING-2
The plan of a G+4 storeyed building situated in Kerala is given. Use the following details
 Beam size = 300mm x 300mm
 Column size = 300mm x 400mm
 Slab thickness= 120mm
 Round floor height = 3.5m
 All other Storey height = 3.0m
 Live load on all slabs except roof = 3 kN/m2
 Live load on roof = 2 kN/m2
 Load on beams from walls = 12 kN/m
 Use M25 concrete & Fe415 steel
Analysis and design the building for Dead load, Live load, Wind load & Earthquake load.

PROCEDURE:
1 CREATING MODEL
of the ETABS window, click the drop-down box to set units to kN-m
 Set the grid line and spacing between two grid lines. Set the number of stories as 5
and story height as 3.2m. Choose Grid Only.
2. DEFINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTIONS
 Click the Define menu → Material Properties

 Add New Material or Modify/Show Material is used to define material
properties.
 Here we define material as M25 with:
Compressive strength of 25000 kN/m2
Bending reinforcement yield stress of 415000 kN/m2
Shear reinforcement yield stress of 415000 kN/m2
Define beam as M25 of size 300mmX300mm and click Reinforcement command
to provide concrete cover of 40mm.
Define column as M25 with sizes of 300mmx400mm and click Reinforcement
command to provide concrete cover of 45mm and use two options Reinforcement
checked or designed.
 Define →wall/slab/deck
Define slab as membrane element and one way slab of thickness 120mm.

3 . GENERATING THE MODEL

Draw beam using Draw→ Draw Line Objects →Create Line in Regions or at
Clicks Command and draw column using Draw→ Draw Line Objects→ Create
Column Command.
Draw Slab using Draw→Draw Area Objects→Create Area at Clicks
4 DEFINING LOAD CASES

 Define various loads (Dead load, live load, Earthquake load, wind load)
 Dead Load: self weight multiplier is used 1 to calculate dead load as default.
 Live load of 3kN/mm2 .1st select the member where this load is to be assigned
then click the assign button.
 Wind speed is taken as 39m/sec.
 Define static load from Define → Static Load Cases
 The different loads are Live, Dead, EQX, EQY, WLX
 Press modify lateral load assign various values for EQX and EQY as per IS 1893.
 An importance factor of 1.5 should be given, seismic zone factor Z=0.16
5 ASSIGNING SUPPORT CONDITIONS

 Drop-down box in the lower right-hand corner of the ETABS window, Select only
base storey level to assign fixed support using Assign → Joint/Point→Restraints
(Support) command.
6. ANALYSIS
Run analysis from Analyze →Check Model Analyze →Run Analysis
7 DESIGN
Design is carried out from Design → Concrete Frame Design → Start Concrete Design

Deformed shape


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MCESC 207 SOFTWARE LABORATORY

CLASS……………………… CLASS NO……………………

University Examination Reg. No: ……………………of AUG/SEPT………….

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Palai Staff Member-in-charge

St Joseph’s College of Engg & Technology, Palai page 1

1 Analysis of Beams-1 2/6/15 31

2 Analysis of Beams-2 2/6/15 34

3 Analysis of Beams-3 2/6/15 37

4 Analysis of Beams-4 5/6/15 40

5 Analysis of Beams-5 5/6/15 44

6 Analysis of Beams-6 5/6/15 47

7 Analysis of Truss-1 9/6/15 50

8 Analysis of Truss-2 9/6/15 53

9 Analysis of Truss-3 9/6/15 57

10 Analysis of Truss-4 12/6/15 60

11 Analysis of Truss-5 12/6/15 63

ANALYSIS OF PLATES & BRACKETS

12 Analysis of bracket without fillet 16/6/15 66

13 Analysis of bracket with fillet 16/6/15 70

14 Analysis of plate-plane stress problem 19/6/15 75

15 Analysis of plate-plate bending 19/6/15 78

St Joseph’s College of Engg & Technology, Palai page 2

16 Analysis of Frames-1 23/6/15 87

17 Analysis of Frames-2 23/6/15 90

18 Analysis of Frames-3 23/6/15 93

19 Analysis of Frames-4 26/6/15 97

20 Analysis of Frames-5 26/6/15 100

21 Analysis of Truss-1 26/6/15 105

22 Analysis of Truss-2 30/6/15 107

23 Analysis of Truss-3 30/6/15 108

24 Analysis of Truss-4 3/7/15 113

25 Analysis of Truss-5 3/7/15 115

DESIGN OF MULTISTOREYED BUILDINGS

26 Design of Multistoreyed Building-1 7/7/15 117

27 Design of Multistoreyed Building-2 7/7/15 123

St Joseph’s College of Engg & Technology, Palai page 3

St Joseph’s College of Engg & Technology, Palai page 4

1. BUILDING THE MODEL

1.1 What Is Model Generation?

1.2 Typical Steps Involved in Model Generation With in ANSYS

St Joseph’s College of Engg & Technology, Palai page 6

1.3. Comparing Solid Modeling and Direct Generation

1.3.1 Solid Modeling

 Facilitates your use of the ANSYS program's design optimization features.

1.3.2. Direct Generation

However, direct generation

1.4. Importing Solid Models Created in CAD systems

St Joseph’s College of Engg & Technology, Palai page 8

 IGES file format or in a file format supported by an ANSYS Connection product.

2. SPECIFYING A JOB NAME AND ANALYSIS TITLE

2.1. Defining the Job name

2.3. Defining Units

St Joseph’s College of Engg & Technology, Palai page 9

3. DEFINING ELEMENT TYPES

The element type determines, among other things:

St Joseph’s College of Engg & Technology, Palai page 10

(Main Menu→ Preprocessor→ Element Type→ Add/Edit/Delete).

4. DEFINING ELEMENT REAL CONSTANTS

5. CREATING CROSS SECTIONS

6. DEFINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES

6.1. Linear Material Properties

6.2. Nonlinear Material Properties

St Joseph’s College of Engg & Technology, Palai page 11