Ways of DESCRIBING matter:

CH.09
Hazem Mohamed – Beshoy Ashraf – Islam Mohamed – Omar
Mohmaed
 Table of contents

Emulsions & Uniformity &

01 composites 02 Texture
Homogeneity and surface of
Properties of both materials the materials

Strength & Bounce &

Elasticity Malleability
03 It’s all about the graph of
04 Like rubber
stress and strain
Introduction to
Emulsions
Different types of colloids
 Emulsions
- Emulsions are colloids that show Brownian motion
and Tyndall effect
 Emulsions
- Globules (colloidal particles) are negatively charged

- Globules can coagulate (solidify) in presence of a

divalent and trivalent cations

- Emulsifiers help emulsions not to separate (e.g. egg

yolks in ice cream)
 Properties of composites
- composites are combination of two physically and chemically different
elements for specific functions.
- They contain a dispersed phase (the reinforcement material) and matrix
phase (that covers it,
transfers load, and
bonds dispersed
phase together)
 Properties of composites
- Metal, polymer and ceramic matrix composites are examples
- The most known composite is fiber-reinforced polymer matrix, like fiber
glass (GRP) or CFRB, which is known to have high strength, stiffness,
toughness, low thermal expansion and being anisotropic (the direction of
fibers matters). Used in
laminates or hoops
shapes
 General properties of
composites
- High strength and stiffness
- Light weight and superior fatigue life
- Resistance to wear, corrosion, and impacts
 Uniformity and
texture

Homogeneous Substances
& Crystallographic
orientation
 Strength & Elasticity
- Describing strength can have different aspects, like tensile,
compressive, shear, yield strengths and other
- Ductile materials tends to have less yield strength than brittle
materials in stress-strain graphs
- Strain at fracture of less
than 5% is brittle
Strength & Elasticity
 Toughness
- The ability to absorb energy before fracture (area under curve in
stress-strain curve)
 Resilience strength
- Taken into consideration for elastic products that can not go into
plastic
permanent deformation
 Bounce, Malleability and Ductility
- Due to high elasticity some materials, like rubber can have bounce
properties

- Metals are malleable (They can be turned into any shape easily)

- Most metals are ductile (e.g. copper used in wires, or mercury in

thermometers), but some are not highly ductile, like aluminum