Science and

technology
ISRO~
Indian Space Research Organisation

ISRO (इसरर) logo (adopted in 2002)[1][2]

Abbreviation ISRO
Formation 15 August 1969; 49 years ago
(1962 as INCOSPAR)

Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Headquarters
12°57′56″N 77°41′53″ECoordinates: 12°57′56″N 77°41′53″E

Administrator K. Sivan, Secretary (Space) and chairperson, ISRO[3]

Primary spaceport Satish Dhawan Space Centre(SHAR), Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh
Parent organisation Department of Space, Government of India
Budget ₹11,538.26 crore(US$1.7 billion)(2019–20 )[4]
Staff 16,072 as of 2018[5]
Website www
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO, /ˈɪsroʊ/) is the space agency of
the Government of India headquartered in the city of Bengaluru. Its vision is to "harness
space technology for national development while pursuing space science research and
planetary exploration.

Seven mega missions by ISRO

What to study?
For prelims and mains: key features and significance of the missions announced.

Context: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced its planned
seven mega missions which will be conducted over a period of next 10 years.

The seven mega missions include:

1.Chandrayaan-2.

2.XPoSat (to study cosmic radiation in 2020) and Aditya-L1(to the Sun in 2021).

3.Undefined Missions – which include missions which are still in planning stage
namely Mangalyaan-2 (or Mars Orbiter Mission-2 in 2022), Lunar Polar
Exploration (or Chandrayaan-3 in 2024), Venus mission (in 2023), Exoworlds
(exploration outside the solar system in 2028).

About Xposat:

•The X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (or Xposat), is ISRO’s dedicated mission to study
polarization. It will be launched launch in year 2020.

•It will be a five-year mission and will study cosmic radiation.

•It will be carrying a payload named ‘polarimeter instrument in X-rays’

(POLIX) made by Raman Research Institute. POLIX will study degree and angle
of polarisation of bright X-ray sources in energy range 5-30 keV.

•The spacecraft will be placed in a circular 500-700km orbit.

About Aditya- L1 mission:

What is it? It is India’s first solar mission.

Objectives: It will study the sun’s outer most layers, the corona and the
chromospheres and collect data about coronal mass ejection, which will also yield
information for space weather prediction.

Significance of the mission: The data from Aditya mission will be immensely helpful
in discriminating between different models for the origin of solar storms and also for
constraining how the storms evolve and what path they take through the
interplanetary space from the Sun to the Earth.

Position of the satellite: In order to get the best science from the sun, continuous
viewing of the sun is preferred without any occultation/ eclipses and hence, Aditya- L1
satellite will be placed in the halo orbit around the Lagrangian point 1 (L1) of the sun-
earth system.