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Colligative Property are properties that depends on the number of solute particles present and
not on the identity of the solute particles.
Vapor pressure is a colligative property, so the vapor pressure of solutions is directly proportional to the
amount of solute present in a solution.
When a solute is present in a solvent, the vapor pressure is lowered because fewer solvent molecules
are present at the top of the solution.
Raoult’s law details the calculations for acquiring the vapor pressure of an ideal solution.
Key Terms
partial pressure: The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases contributes to the total
pressure.
ideal solution: A solution with thermodynamic properties analogous to those of a mixture of ideal gases.
electrolyte: A substance that, when in solution or when molten, ionizes and conducts electricity.
Electrolyte Solutions
A simple example of an electrolyte solution is sodium chloride in water. In the presence of water, solid
sodium chloride dissociates as it is dissolved, forming an electrolyte solution:
NaCl(s)→Na+(aq)+Cl−(aq)
Vapor Pressure
In an electrolyte solution, the number of dissolved particles is larger because the solute breaks apart
into ions. The greater the number of ions, the larger the impact on colligative properties will be.
A substance that dissociates into ions in solution acquires the capacity to conduct electricity. Sodium,
potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate are examples of electrolytes