November 2009 1

Emerging November 2009

Defense
Technologies
Synopsis of global emerging defense technologies for the ground warrior

www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies

2 November 2009

November 2009

Emerging
Defense
Technologies
November 2009
1

What’s Inside
Synopsis of global emerging defense technologies for the ground warrior

3 Tactical Wheeled Vehicle Unified Acquisition

Strategy

5 USMC Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle

By Andrew Feickert
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies

Emerging Defense Technologies

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November 2009 3

Tactical Wheeled Vehicle

Unified Acquisition
Strategy
Ground-based military operations gen-
erally make use of two broad categories of
vehicles: combat vehicles designed for a spe-
cific fighting function and tactical vehicles
designed primarily for use by forces in the
field in connection with or in support of tacti-
cal operations.
Combat vehicles generally move on
tracks versus wheels and include the Abrams
tank, Bradley Fighting vehicle, and the Pala-
din self-propelled howitzer. Tactical vehicles
generally move on wheels and include the
High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Ve-
hicle (HMMWV), the mine resistant ambush
protected (MRAP) vehicle, and families of
trucks and trailers. For fiscal years 2009 and
2010, the Department of Defense (DoD) has
requested an estimated $16 billion for the
procurement of those tactical wheeled ve-
hicles described in this report, including an
estimated $6 billion for MRAP variants.
In June 2007, the Subcommittee on
Seapower and Expeditionary Forces, House
Committee on Armed Services requested
that the Government Accountability Office
(GAO) assess:
March 2008, and summarized the results of
the MRAP work in a July 2008 report.
Shortly thereafter, and on the basis of
additional discussions with the subcommittee
staffs, the GAO resumed the work related to
their overall assessment of tactical wheeled
vehicles and provided an interim briefing on
the results of the Office’s work on April 30,
2009. For this assessment of the current status
of selected tactical wheeled vehicle systems,
the GAO included the following systems:
• MRAP
• MRAP-All Terrain Vehicle (M-ATV)
variant
• HMMWV Expanded Capability Vehicle
(ECV) variant
• HMMWV ECV2 variant
• Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV)
• Armored Security Vehicle (ASV)
• Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles
(FMTV)
• Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical
Truck (HEMTT)
The GAO has updated their interim
briefing to include fiscal year 2009 supple-
mental and fiscal year 2010 base year tacti-
cal wheeled vehicle procurement budget data
and summarized recent decisions related to
selected tactical wheeled vehicle programs.
Summary
During the GAO’s April 30, 2009, in-
terim briefing and their August 13, 2009 up-
dated briefing, they made the following major
points:
• DoD does not have a unified TWV strat-
egy that considers timing, affordability, and
sustainability. The advent of improvised
explosive devices/roadside bombs has had
a significant effect on designing for surviv-

• the extent to which DoD had developed

an overall tactical wheeled vehicle (TWV)
investment strategy that considers timing,
affordability, and sustainability
• the extent that the programs in the strat-
egy fill identified gaps or provide duplica-
tive capabilities
• the current status of selected tactical
wheeled vehicle systems that are a part of
this strategy
• whether DoD is pursuing a knowledge-
based acquisition approach as a part of this
strategy.

On the basis of discussions with the sub-

committee staff, the GAO initially focused
on gathering and analyzing data related to
the MRAP program. We provided the mem-
bers of the subcommittee staffs with a series
of briefings between September 2007 and
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
4 November 2009
ability and the services are incrementally
adapting their TWV capabilities in light of
technology and funding limits. One unified
strategy would help to coordinate efforts.
• While they did not identify any unfilled
program gaps, the introduction of MRAP,
M-ATV and eventually the JLTV creates a
potential risk of unplanned overlap in ca-
pabilities; a risk that needs to be managed.
A critical contribution to the management
of the risk will likely be the JLTV analysis
of alternatives. The purpose of the analysis
is to assess alternatives for capitalizing the
fleets of light tactical vehicles operated by
the services. The Under Secretary of De-
fense for Acquisition, Technology, and Lo-
gistics provided guidance for the analysis
in January 2009. The guidance stated that
the analysis will compare the performance
of JLTV alternatives against each of the
legacy light tactical vehicles, including the
HMMWV, up-armored HMMWV, ECV2
and MRAP.
• Many TWV systems are in production
and have remained stable. JLTV is early in
its development and will require close over-
sight to ensure requirements, technologies,
and resources are well understood before
making significant commitments of time
and money. MRAP and M-ATV are being
procured exclusively with supplemental
funding. Over 16,000 MRAPs were pro-
cured in fiscal years 2007
and 2008 for an estimated
$20.9 billion. In addition,
at least 5,244 M-ATVs
will be procured in fiscal
years 2009 and 2010 for an
estimated $6 billion. The
Army and Marine Corps
spend billions annually on
TWV procurement; the
Air Force, Navy, and Spe-
cial Operations Command
spend considerably less.
• Generally, the acquisi-
tion programs we reviewed
are effectively using
knowledge-based acquisi-
tion practices.
Conclusions
While DoD does not
have a comprehensive TWV
investment strategy, the in-
dividual services—particu-
larly the Army and Marine
Corps—have multiple stud-
ies under way which address
Emerging Defense Technologies
different aspects of TWV strategic planning.
The Army and Marine Corps have also col-
laborated on joint studies of TWV issues.
A unified, comprehensive, long-term TWV
strategy would be beneficial to DOD and the
services in minimizing the potential for un-
planned overlap or duplication as they:
• define the specific roles and capabilities
of similar vehicles
• adapt their TWV capabilities to current
and anticipated threats
• address long-term TWV sustainability
issues
• determine how best to take advantage of
MRAP capabilities for the long term
The strategy should balance protection,
payload, and performance needs with avail-
able resources, especially for light tactical
vehicles.
Recommendations for Executive Action
To improve DOD’s ability to plan for
and manage the development, production,
and sustainment of TWV across the depart-
ment, the GAO recommend that the Secre-
tary of Defense develop a comprehensive and
unified strategy and implementation plan for
making sound investment decisions for tacti-
cal wheeled vehicles that:
• assess and prioritize the capabilities and
requirements of similar vehicles needed in
the near and long term
• estimate the funding, time, and tech-
nologies that will be required to acquire,
improve, and sustain these systems
• balance protection, payload, and perfor-
mance needs with available resources, es-
pecially for light tactical vehicles
• identify contingencies in case there are
development problems, delays with key
systems, or funding constraints
DoD Response
In commenting on a draft of this re-
port, DoD concurred with the GAO assess-
ment and recommendations. The department
agreed that a unified, comprehensive tactical
wheeled vehicle strategy would be beneficial
and outlined a plan to unite several ongoing
studies into a comprehensive strategy that
dovetails with the services’ strategies for
equipping their forces.
In implementing the strategy, DoD will
endeavor to align requirements, resources,
and acquisition strategies into a unified plan
to guide investment decisions.
The GAO believes that the various ongo-
ing studies should provide valuable insight for
DoD in developing a unified strategy, which
will assist the department and the services in
balancing their near- and
long-term needs and re-
sources.
This document
was precented to: The
Honorable Neil Aber-
crombie, Chairman; The
Honorable Roscoe Bar-
tlett Ranking Member
Subcommittee on Air and
Land Forces Committee
on Armed Services House
of Representatives; The
Honorable Gene Taylor
Chairman; and The Hon-
orable Todd Akin Ranking
Member Subcommittee on
Seapower and Expedi-
tionary Forces Committee
on Armed Services House
of Representatives. The
original title was: Defense
Acquisitions: Department
of Defense Needs a Uni-
fied Strategy for Balanc-
ing Investments in Tacti-
cal Wheeled Vehicles.
www.defense-house.com
November 2009
USMC Expeditionary
Fighting Vehicle
The Marine Corps is responsible for the
conduct of amphibious operations in support
of the full spectrum of U.S. national security
objectives. If the Marines need armored
fighting vehicles in the early stages of an
amphibious landing, these vehicles must
either be transported by landing craft with
limited protection against enemy fire, or the
armored vehicle must come ashore under its
own power.
Like current AAVs, the EFV is designed
to roll off a Navy amphibious assault ship,
move under its own power to the beach, and
cross the beach and operate inland. The EFV
is to be designed to be able to be launched
25 miles off shore (the AAV can be launched
only two miles from shore) permitting the
fleet to operate “over the horizon,” where
it theoretically would be less vulnerable to
enemy fire. Some suggest that the 25-mile
over the horizon operating capability may no
longer provide the protection to the fleet that
it once did, noting that the Hezbollah C-802
cruise missile, which successfully struck an
Israeli ship in 2006, has a maximum range
of 75 miles. Concerns also have been raised
that, when ashore, the flat-bottomed
EFV may be excessively vulnerable to
improvised explosive devices (IEDs).
The EFV Program
The EFV is an armored, fully-tracked
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
infantry combat vehicle operated by a
three-person crew that can carry 17 combat-
equipped Marines. It is to be a self-deploying,
high-speed amphibious vehicle that will
be able transport Marines from ships to
objectives inland and will have the speed,
maneuvering capabilities, fire power, and
protection to operate with main battle tanks
on land. It is intended to have a 20-knot speed
in the water and a 345-mile range ashore
with a 45-kilometer-per-hour speed on hard-
surfaced roads.
The EFV is to be designed to have
modular armor and expanded mine blast
protection and mount a 30mm high-velocity
cannon in a stabilized turret. The EFV is also
supposed to be able to communicate in joint
networks and operate as part of a joint land
force. There are to be two EFV variants. The
EVF-P1 will carry a Marine rifle squad and
its equipment and provide direct fire support
during combat operations.
The EFV-C1 variant provides command
and control capabilities for commanders and
their staffs.
Program Structure
The EFV is described as the Marines’
number one priority ground weapon
system acquisition program and is the only
Acquisition Category (ACAT) 1D program
managed by the Marine Corps.
5
By Andrew Feickert
The 12th Edition of the Defense Acquisition
University Glossary, July 2005, defines
an ACAT 1D program as a Major Defense
Acquisition Program (MDAP), which is
estimated by the Under Secretary of Defense
(Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics)
(USD[AT&L]) to require the eventual
expenditure for Research, Development,
Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) of more than
$365 million (FY2000 constant dollars) or
the procurement of more than $2.19 billion
(FY2000 constant dollars).
The Marine Corps EFV Program Office is
collocated with the EFV’s prime contractor—
General Dynamics—in Woodbridge, Virginia,
and the Marines claim that collocation—the
first of its kind for a major weapon system—
has greatly reduced government contractor
design costs and streamlined the program
decision-making process.
Program History
In 1988, acquisition and program decision
memorandums were signed by defense
officials to initiate the Concept Exploration/
Definition Phase (CE/D) of what was then
known as the Advanced Amphibious Assault
Vehicle (AAAV) program. In 1995, the
program entered into the Program Definition
and Risk Reduction (PDRR) phase6, where
it was considered by many to be a “model
defense acquisition program,” winning
6 November 2009
two DOD awards for successful cost and
technology management.
The Program Definition and Risk
Reduction (PDRR) Phase normally lasts two
to four years. Activities during this phase
include defining key design characteristics
and expected capabilities and demonstrating
that technologies can be incorporated into
systems designs. Prototype systems are
developed during this phase.
In June 1996, a contract was awarded
to General Dynamics Land Systems to begin
full-scale engineering development of their
design.
Based on the aforementioned early
success of the program, the Marine Corps
awarded a cost-plus contract to General
Dynamics in July 2001 for the Systems
Development and Demonstration (SDD)
phase of the program. General Dynamics
and the Marines envisioned that the SDD
phase would be completed by October
2003, a schedule that some say “proved too
ambitious.” In 2003, the Marines renamed the
program the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle
(EFV) program.
Problems During the SDD Phase
The Government Accountability Office
(GAO) alleged that: The program did not
allow enough time to demonstrate maturity
of the EFV design during SDD. The original
SDD schedule of about three years proved too
short to conduct all necessary planning and
to incorporate the results of tests into design
changes. Specifically, the original schedule
did not allow adequate time for testing,
evaluating the results, fixing the problems,
and retesting to make certain that problems
are fixed before moving forward.
Because of these and other difficulties,
the EFV program was rebaselined in
November 2002, adding an additional year to
the program schedule, and then rebaselined
again in March 2003, also adding another year
to the program schedule. In December 2004,
EFV prototypes experienced major failures of
the hull electronics unit (HEU), the vehicle’s
Emerging Defense Technologies
main computer system. These failures caused
the water-mode vehicle steering to freeze,
making the vehicle non-responsive.
The EFV also experienced significant
problems in September and October 2004
with the bow flap—a folding panel extended
forward to generate additional hydrodynamic
lift as the EFV moves through the water. The
EFV experienced a myriad of hydraulics
system failures, leaks, and pressure problems
during testing that contributed to low
reliability ratings. Because of reliability
problems, the originally required 70-hour
mean time between operational mission failure
(MTBOMF) rate for the EFV was reduced by
the Marines to 43.5 hours. Because of these
demonstrated failures and related concerns
about a lack of program management and
oversight, the program was rebaselined for
a third time in March 2005, this time adding
an additional two years to the extra two years
added during the previous rebaselinings.
2006 Operational Assessment
In 2006, the EFV was subject to an
Operational Assessment—a series of tests to
demonstrate that it could meet performance
requirements—that if successfully completed,
would permit the program to move into the
production phase. During this assessment, the
EFV experienced numerous critical failures
and, because of repeated breakdowns, the EFV
failed to meet reliability requirements and
failed the assessment. For example, during the
test, the vehicles were able to operate for only
4.5 hours between breakdowns and required
about 3.4 hours of corrective maintenance for
every 1 hour of operation—a maintenance
burden that evaluators said would “wear out a
unit under realistic combat operations.”
Poor reliability also resulted in 117
operational mission failures and 645
unscheduled maintenance actions during
testing. The EFV’s low reliability resulted in
the EFV completing two out of 11 attempted
amphibious tests, one out of 10 gunnery
tests, and none of the three scheduled land
mobility tests. The EFV prototypes tested
were approximately 1,900 lb. too heavy to
achieve the desired high water speed and, in
some circumstances, could not accommodate
equipment needed by Marines for special
climatic conditions.
Evaluators also noted significant
problems in terms of limited visibility,
excessive noise, and difficulty in reloading
the EFV’s main gun.
EFV Redesign
In the aftermath of 2006 operational
assessment, the Marines went back to the
drawing board. In February 2007, the EFV
program office issued a “sources sought”
notice, requesting information from industry
leaders on “tracked combat vehicles that can
provide an alternative design concept of the
EFV”—a perceived vote of no confidence in
General Dynamics by the Marines. Also that
month, the Navy formally advised Congress
that the EFV program would incur a cost
breach, requiring program recertification
under the Nunn-McCurdy Act (10 U.S.C.
2433).
Finally, in late February 2007, the Navy
announced that it would have to relax EFV
performance and reliability requirements in
order for the program to continue. In March
2007, the Marines modified the original SDD
contract and awarded General Dynamics an
additional $143.5 million to redesign the EFV.
In what has been termed “the largest program
setback,” the Marines decided in June 2007
to repeat the entire SDD phase, meaning that
instead of the original completion date of
2003, the SDD phase—if successful—will
now be completed in 2011, eight years behind
the original schedule.
In August 2008, the Marines and General
Dynamics signed a SDD II contract, and work
on seven new EFV prototypes is expected to
begin in January 2009. These new prototypes
are expected to include rewired electronics
to better protect against sea water, a rebuilt
and strengthened gun turret that should
improve ammunition feed to the main gun,
and the addition of trim tabs to make the EFV
www.defense-house.com
November 2009
more stable in the water. The new EFVs are
scheduled to be built at the U.S. military’s
joint tank production facility at Lima, Ohio,
and are expected to be completed by early
2010.
Critical Design Review and Additional
Prototypes
The General Accountability Office
(GAO) noted that the EFV passed its
December 2008 critical design review (CDR)
and, with 94% of the system’s design models
releasable, that EFV’s critical technologies
are mature and its design is stable. Because
the EFV’s design has been stabilized, a
number of critical manufacturing processes
can be established. Because the EFV passed
the CDR, the go-ahead was given for the
production of the seven new prototypes.
These new prototypes are expected to include
almost 400 engineering design improvements
to improve vehicle reliability.
It is likely that many of these engineering
design improvements will add weight to the
EFV. One potential change that could help
reduce EFV weight could be incorporating
a lighter-weight linked track that the Army
is currently researching, which could reduce
EFV weight by 800 pounds.
Solutions for EFV IED Vulnerability
As previously noted, there is a great deal
of concern that the flat-bottomed EFV would
be overly vulnerable to IEDs detonated under
the vehicle. The lack of a V-shaped hull, which
can mitigate underbelly IED explosions, is a
long-standing concern of some in Congress,
and the Marines contend that the EFV would
have to be totally redesigned at great cost to
incorporate a V-shaped hull. The Marines
suggest that installing an add-on underbelly
armor appliqué after the EFV comes ashore
will provide necessary protection. Marine
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
officials also suggest that IEDs would not
be a big concern during the initial stages of
an operation and the EFV’s mobility would
provide protection from IEDs. 2
It can be argued, however, that the
Marines are assuming away the EFV’s
vulnerabilities by suggesting that the enemy
would not employ IEDs against Marine
forces coming ashore and that the EFV could
“out run” IEDs—something that has alluded
smaller and faster combat vehicles in Iraq and
Afghanistan.
DoD Questions the Need for EFV
During an April 17, 2009, address at the
Naval War College, Secretary of Defense
Gates noted that: I have also directed the
QDR [Quadrennial Defense Review] team
to be realistic about the scenarios where
direct U.S. military actions would be needed
– so we can better gauge our requirements.
One of those that will be examined closely
is the need for a new capability to get large
numbers of troops from ship to shore – in
other words, the capability provided by the
Marine Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle.... But
we have to take a hard look at where it would
be necessary or sensible to launch another
major amphibious action again. In the 21st
century, how much amphibious capability do
we need?
Given the Secretary of Defense’s
comments, the EFV’s ultimate fate may well
be determined by the outcome of the ongoing
QDR. The Marines argue that they require
the forced entry capability provided by the
EFV and that cancelling it would only save a
“relatively small” amount of money.
Program Cost and Funding
The Marines originally planned to
procure 1,025 EFVs at a total cost of $8.5
billion. A December 2007 estimate by DoD
7
predicts that the cost will increase by over
50% to $13.2 billion—a 168% per-vehicle
cost increase. The Marines currently plan to
procure only 573 EFVs, giving the Marines
the capacity to amphibiously transport
eight infantry battalions (approximately
970 Marines and sailors per battalion). The
President’s FY2009 EFV budget request was
$ 316.1 million for research, development,
testing and evaluation (RDT&E).
The House Armed Services Committee
(HASC) “concerned that “plans to begin
fabrication of new EFV prototypes in FY
2009 have not sufficiently addressed the
need to enhance protection of the EFV from
mines and improvised explosive devices”
recommended a $40.2 million reduction. The
Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC)
in its version (S. 3001), recommended fully
funding the President’s $316.1 million
request. The final version of the defense
authorization bill agreed instead to a $35
million cut.30 House and Senate defense
appropriators recommended $256 million—a
$60 million reduction to the President’s EFV
budget request.
According to GAO, as of March 2009,
the EFV program will require $1,043.6
million in research and development and
$9,778.4 million in procurement funding to
complete the program and field 573 EFVs.
FY2010 EFV Budget Request
DoD noted that the EFV continues in its
systems development phase, with the first EFV
scheduled for initial production in FY2012.
The administration’s FY2010 EFV budget
request is $293.5 million for RDT&E.
House Armed Services Committee
(HASC) Markup of the FY2010 National
Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 2647)
The HASC recommended fully funding
8 November 2009
the President’s FY2010 EFV budget
request and also requires DoD to report on
improvements to EFV protection against IED
threats and overall vehicle survivability.
Senate Armed Services Committee
(SASC) Markup of the FY2010 National
Defense Authorization Act
The SASC recommended fully funding
the President’s FY2010 EFV budget request.
House Appropriations Subcommittee on
Defense Markup of the Department of
Defense Appropriations Bill (H.R. 3326)
Noting that “the EFV has experienced
cost growth, schedule slips, and technical
issues throughout its development cycle”
among other issues, the House Appropriations
Subcommittee on Defense stated that it had
“serious reservations whether the program
will ever meet a standard for completion” and
recommended cutting $50 million in EFV
RDT&E funding.
Potential Issues for Congress Amphibious
Fleet and EFV Vulnerabilities
Some analysts contend that the
operational environment has changed so
significantly since the EFV’s inception that
both the fleet and the EFV face greater risks
than anticipated. The Navy and Marines
envision that future conflicts will require
a “persistent presence in littoral areas”
characterized by land-based anti-ship cruise
missiles, mines, and small, fast suicide boats.
Twenty years ago when the EFV was
conceived, some defense officials suggested
that the fleet could operate 25 to 30 miles
from shore, debarking EFVs for amphibious
operations, but with the advent of these new
enemy weapons and tactics, this is no longer
possible. Instead, in order to sufficiently
protect the large amphibious ships that
transport Marines and EFVs, it has been
suggested that the fleet might need to operate
at least 100 miles from shore—beyond the
EFV’s range. If there are new developments in
enemy weapons and tactics between now and
2025—when the EFV is scheduled to reach
full operational capability—the vulnerability
to the fleet could increase further. Another
potential issue is the EFV’s vulnerability to
IEDs. Some in Congress are concerned that
the flat-bottomed EFV, with a 16-inch ground
clearance, would be highly vulnerable to IEDs
that detonate under vehicles. The Marines
contend that a “V” shaped hull on the EFV to
Emerging Defense Technologies
better protect it from IED blasts would force
a total redesign of the EFV.
Instead, the Marines propose that
once ashore, armor could be applied to the
underside of the EFV, a solution that has met
with congressional skepticism.
A study by the Center for Strategic and
Budgetary Assessment (CSBA) titled the
U.S. Marine Corps: Fleet Marine Forces for
the 21st Century advocates “cancelling the
EFV in favor of an armored combat vehicle
optimized for modern land warfare (with
modest ability to traverse water obstacles) and
combine it with a high-speed, shallow-draft,
ship to shore ‘connector’ (e.g. high-speed
lighterage, air-cushioned landing craft).” The
primary argument is that this solution would
better address the “evolving anti-armor and
precision-guided weapons regimes that will
threaten naval forces at increasing distances
at sea, and Marine Corps ground forces
ashore.”
This approach may become an alternative
if the EFV proves to be too unreliable or
expensive to field, but any type of ship (such
as the suggested Improved Navy Lighterage
System) or ground combat vehicle (a modified
light armored vehicle [LAV] or the proposed
Marine personnel carrier [MPC]) might also
be equally as vulnerable to anti-armor and
precision weapons. One proposal to address
this vulnerability—an active protection
system (APS) such as the one being developed
by the Army—may be a potential solution,
but it is not known if the APS can be readily
adapted for maritime use.
The assertion that the MPC and a surface
transport would have “the additional benefit
of nearly doubling the intended purchase,
thereby lowering the per-unit cost and
simplifying related logistics issues within the
service” merits detailed examination, but any
such examination should acknowledge that
abandoning EFV altogether will result in a
significant “sunk cost” that should be factored
into any decisions related to the affordability
of EFV alternatives.
What if the EFV Fails Its Second Systems
Development and Demonstration (SDD)
Phase Attempt?
In order for the EFV to enter its planned
low rate initial production (LRIP) phase in
2011, it must successfully complete its second
attempt at SDD. While reports suggest that an
earlier requirement for a prototype reliability
demonstration has been dropped, there will
likely be a series of operational tests similar
to those conducted in 2006.
Reports suggest that the new EFV prototypes
will be subjected to a 500-hour reliability
test. The Marines have stated that the new
EFV prototypes will achieve 61 hours mean
time between operational mission failure
(MTBOMF). Despite claims that the second
SDD phase is going well and that the design
is both table and mature, it is possible that
the $16 million per vehicle EFV may again
perform unsatisfactorily in operational
testing.
If this is the case, it would likely be
difficult to justify a third SDD phase, and
it would probably not be operationally
feasible to reduce the 573 EFV requirement
any further to cut program costs. Given this
potential scenario, it might be prudent to
examine possible contingencies (such as the
aforementioned CSBA proposal) should the
EFV perform poorly on upcoming operational
tests.
The EFV and the Quadrennial Defense
Review (QDR)
Even if EFV prototypes exceed reliability
requirements and its vulnerability to IEDs
is adequately addressed, it may not survive
the current QDR process. The Secretary
of Defense has said that the requirement
for EFVs will be looked at during an
“amphibious study” conducted as part of the
QDR process. Because this study could have
significant operational and programmatic
impacts beyond the EFV—including the need
for amphibious ships and the requirement to
have dedicated forces capable of conducting
amphibious operations—Congress might
choose to review the scope and charter of this
study as part of its oversight. Questions could
include what are the terms of reference for the
study and what services/organizations will be
involved in its conduct? What scenarios and
analytic models, if any, will be employed as
part of this study?
Based on the Secretary of Defense’s
recent comments, is there a possibility of
perceived “undue command influence” as it
relates to the EFV’s future? Will this study
result in an “all or nothing” recommendation
for the EFV program, as a possible study
recommendation to procure fewer than the
currently programmed 573 EFVs might not
be operationally or cost effective?
Andrew Feickert is a specialist in
military ground forces with the Congressional
Research Service.
www.defense-house.com
November 2009 9

Rapid MRAP Acquisition

A look at what
can be learned
from the MRAP
acquisition
process and
applied to
future programs
By Michael J. Sullivan

In February 2005, Marine Corps

combatant commanders identified an urgent
operational need for armored tactical vehicles
to increase crew protection and mobility of
Marines operating in hazardous fire areas
against improvised explosive devices, rocket-
propelled grenades, and small arms fire. In
response, the Marine Corps identified the
solution as the up-armored high-mobility
multi-purpose wheeled vehicle. Over the next
18 months, however, combatant commanders
continued to identify a requirement for more
robust mine-protected vehicles.
According to the acquisition plan, in
November 2006, the Marine Corps awarded
a sole source indefinite delivery, indefinite
quantity (IDIQ) contract and subsequently
placed orders for the first 144 vehicles to
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
respond to the urgent requirement while it
conducted a competitive acquisition for the
balance of the vehicles. In February 2007, the
Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research,
Development, and Acquisition approved
MRAPs entry into production as a rapid
acquisition capability. In September of 2007,
the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition,
Technology, and Logistics designated MRAP
as a major defense acquisition program3 with
the Marine Corps Systems Command as the
Joint Program Executive Officer.
Quantities to be fielded quickly grew
from the initial 1,169 vehicles for the Marine
Corps identified in the 2005 urgent need
statement to the current approved requirement
of over 16,000 vehicles split among the
Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and
Special Operations Command, plus others for
ballistic testing.
Three versions of the MRAP vehicle
were acquired for different missions:
• Category I, the smallest version of MRAP,
is primarily intended for operations in
the urban combat environment, and can
carry up to seven personnel.
• Category II is a multi-mission platform
capable of supporting security, convoy
10 November 2009
escort, troop or cargo transport, medical,
explosive ordnance disposal, or combat
engineer operations, and carries up to 11
personnel.
• Category III, the largest of the MRAP
family, is primarily intended for the role
of mine and IED clearance operations,
and carries up to 13 personnel.
MRAP vehicles were purchased without
mission equipment—such as communications
and situational awareness subsystems—that
must be added before the vehicles can be
fielded to the user. The military services buy
the subsystems for their vehicles and provide
them as government furnished equipment
to be installed at a government integration
facility located at the Space and Naval
Warfare Systems Command in Charleston,
S.C.
Tailored With Special Priorities
DoD used a tailored acquisition
approach to rapidly acquire and field MRAP
vehicles. The program established minimal
operational requirements, decided to rely on
only proven technologies, and relied heavily
Emerging Defense Technologies
on commercially available products. The
program also undertook a concurrent approach
to producing, testing, and fielding the most
survivable vehicles as quickly as possible. To
expand limited existing production capacity,
the department expanded competition by
awarding IDIQ contracts to nine commercial
sources.
To evaluate design, performance,
producibility, and sustainability, DoD
committed to buy at least four vehicles from
each vendor. According to program officials,
subsequent delivery orders were based on a
phased testing approach with progressively
more advanced vehicle test results and other
assessments.
To expedite the fielding of the vehicles,
the government retained the responsibility
for final integration of mission equipment
packages including radios and other
equipment into the vehicles after they were
purchased. DoD also designated the MRAP
program as DoD’s highest priority acquisition,
which helped contractors and other industry
partners to more rapidly respond to the urgent
need and meet production requirements.
Finally, some of the contractors
involved in the acquisition responded to the
urgency communicated by the department by
investing their own capital early to purchase
needed steel and other critical components in
advance of orders. The decision on the part
of the contractors to purchase components
in advance of orders was not required under
their contracts and was done at their own
risk.
DoD leadership took several steps to
communicate the importance of producing
survivable vehicles as quickly as possible, for
example
• In May 2007, the Secretary of Defense
designated MRAP as DoD’s single
most important acquisition program and
established the MRAP Task Force to
integrate planning, analysis, and actions
to accelerate MRAP acquisition.
• The Secretary also approved a special
designation for MRAP—a DX rating—
that requires related contracts to be
accepted and performed on a priority
basis over other contracts without this
rating.
• The Secretary of the Army waived a
restriction on armor plate steel, which
expanded the countries from which DoD
could procure steel.
• DoD allocated funds to increase steel
and tire production capacity for MRAP
vehicles as these materials were
identified as potential limiting factors for
the MRAP industrial base.
DoD recognized that no single vendor
could provide all of the vehicles needed to
meet requirements quickly enough and invited
vendors to offer their non-developmental
solutions. The request for proposal made
clear that the government planned to award
one or more IDIQ contracts to those vendors
that were determined to be the best value to
the government.
The Marine Corps awarded IDIQ
contracts to nine vendors and issued the first
delivery orders in early 2007 for four vehicles
from each vendor for initial limited ballistic
and automotive testing. One vendor could not
deliver test articles in the time required and
the Marine Corps terminated that contract
at no cost to the government. According to
program officials, vehicles from another
vendor did not meet minimum requirements
and the Marine Corps terminated the contract
for convenience.
Conventional DoD acquisition policy
dictates that weapons be fully tested before
www.defense-house.com
November 2009 11
vehicles have been fielded in two theaters of
MRAP Developmental and Operational Test Plan
operation. Total procurement funding for the
2007 2008 2009 MRAP vehicles, mostly through supplemental
2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 appropriations, was about $22.7 billion.
According to DoD officials, the
Phase I MRAP is providing safe, sustainable, and
survivable transport for troops in the theater.
Phase II It recognizes that MRAPs have limitations,
particularly in the area of off-road mobility
Phase III and transportability. Nonetheless, MRAPs are
considered outstanding vehicles for specific
IOT&E missions.
Twenty-one months elapsed from the
time the need was first identified in February
they are fielded to the user. However, the need limitations. These limitations were due to 2005 until the sole source IDIQ contract was
to begin fielding survivable vehicles as quickly logistic shortfalls, payload restrictions, and awarded and subsequent orders were placed
as possible resulted in a phased approach restricted fields of view. for the first 144 vehicles in November 2006.
designed to quickly identify vehicles that Three months elapsed between the award of
met the requirement for crew protection so MRAP Schedule and Performance the sole source contract and the delivery of
they could be rapidly fielded. This approach vehicles under the orders placed pursuant
resulted in a high degree of overlap between Schedule and performance results for to the contract in February 2007—about the
testing and fielding of the MRAP vehicles; the MRAP have been very good overall. At same time the IDIQ contracts were awarded
orders for thousands of vehicles were placed the time of our review in July 2008, nearly all to multiple vendors for more vehicles. Testing
before operational testing began and orders of the developmental and operational testing of vehicles delivered under orders placed
for thousands more were placed before it was had been completed; the Marine Corps, the pursuant to the newly awarded contracts
completed. Figure 1 shows the concurrent buying command for the MRAP, had placed began one month later in March 2007. Initial
nature of the overall test plan. orders for 14,173 MRAPs; and, as of May operational capability was accomplished in
The Director, Operational Test & 2008, a little more than a year after the first October 2007 or about 33 months after the
Evaluation approved the MRAP Test and contracts were awarded, 9,121 vehicles had need was first identified.
Evaluation Master Plan in 2007. Candidate been delivered. As of July 2009, 16,204 Ultimately, MRAP vendors have
vehicles underwent ballistic and automotive vehicles have been produced and 13,848 successfully increased their production rates
testing beginning in March 2007. The test
plan included three phases of developmental
tests (DT) of increasing scope as well as initial
operational test and evaluation (IOT&E).
Phase I included a limited evaluation by
users. Phase II further evaluated vehicles at
the desired level of performance against the
ballistic threat, added more endurance miles
to the automotive portion of the test, and
included mission equipment such as radios and
other electronic systems. Phase III raised the
bar for ballistic performance to the emerging
threat and assessed non-ballistic protection to
include near-lightning strikes, high-altitude
electromagnetic pulse, and nuclear, biological,
and chemical decontamination tests.
The automotive portion of the test
increased endurance to 12,000 miles per
vehicle.
Developmental and operational tests
were conducted from March 2007 through
June 2008. Each of the six MRAP variants
have also undergone IOT&E. All vehicles
were rated operationally survivable and
operationally effective with limitations by the
Army Evaluation Center. These limitations
were comprised of vehicle size, weight,
mobility, and weapon dead space. All vehicles
were also rated operationally suitable with
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
12 November 2009
to meet the delivery requirement. Production
began in February 2007 with one vendor
producing 10 vehicles. By March 2008—a
little more than a year after the contracts
were awarded—6,935 vehicles had been
produced.
According to DoD officials, the MRAP
provides survivable, safe, and sustainable
vehicles for troops in theater. It is recognized
that MRAPs have limitations, particularly
in the area of off-road mobility and
transportability. Nevertheless, MRAPs met
minimum requirements for specific missions.
Based on an earlier survey of over 300 soldiers
interviewed in the field, warfighters were
satisfied with MRAP overall, which offers
significant improvement in survivability.
MRAP vehicles were seen as well suited
for combat logistics patrols, route clearance
missions, raids, quick reaction forces, and
other missions requiring large, dismounted
force. MRAP vehicles were seen as not well
suited for mounted patrols in constrained
urban areas or extensive operations in off-
road operations.
Lessons Learned
As with any acquisition of this nature,
there are lessons to be learned. On the
positive side, it appears that quick action by
the Secretary of Defense to declare the MRAP
program DoD’s highest priority and give it a
DX rating allowed the government and the
contractors access to more critical materials
than otherwise would have been available.
The availability of funding mostly through
Emerging Defense Technologies
supplemental appropriations was essential.
In addition, the decisions to 1) use only
proven technologies, 2) keep requirements to
a minimum, 3) infuse significant competition
into the contracting strategy, and 4) keep
final integration responsibility with the
government are all practices that led to
positive outcomes.
Challenges remain in the form of
reliability, mobility, and safety, which have
required some modifying of the designs,
postproduction fixes, and adapting how
vehicles were to be used. Also, long term
sustainment costs for MRAP are not yet well
understood and the services are only now
deciding how MRAP will fit into their longer
term organizations. This combination of
actions executed to address the urgent need for
accelerating the delivery of MRAP vehicles
to theater was innovative and effective.
Major vendors and key subcontractors
responded to the urgency communicated by
the department. According to vendor officials
from four of the companies, they collectively
invested a substantial amount of their own
capital in anticipation of MRAP work. For
example, some vendors purchased steel
and other critical components in advance of
delivery orders for MRAP vehicles in order
to meet projected time lines. In other cases,
vendors purchased or developed new facilities
for MRAP production. Multiple vendors
also formed teaming arrangements to meet
the increase in vehicle delivery demands.
As stated above, these actions on the part of
the contractors were not required under their
contracts and were done at their own risk.
On the down side, because of unique
designs, operating procedures, and
maintenance for multiple vehicles from
multiple vendors, vehicle maintenance and
support has been somewhat complicated.
To ease maintenance and support concerns
in the near term, the MRAP program office
established a centralized training entity
where maintainers would be cross-trained on
multiple vendors’ vehicles.
Longer term, a key challenge for DoD
will be to effectively manage maintenance
personnel and vehicle repair parts without
sacrificing vehicle operational availability.
Also, long term sustainment costs for MRAP
are not yet projected and budgeted. The
services are only now deciding how to fit
MRAP vehicles into their organizational
structures. Another lesson, based on
operational use of the MRAP vehicles, was
their lack of maneuverability and off-road
capability.
As a result, DoD is in the process of
acquiring an all terrain version of the MRAP
to address the more difficult terrain and road
conditions in Afghanistan. While most of the
vehicles met ballistic requirements, other
issues were identified (reliability, mobility
and handling, and safety). These issues
required some modifying of the designs,
postproduction fixes, or adapting how
vehicles were to be used. Testing of proposed
solutions to more advanced threats continues.
The program office continues to enhance
MRAP vehicle system performance through
capability insertion initiatives executed via
engineering change proposals. Such changes
are verified through testing. This testing will
be an ongoing process as additional upgrades
are applied.
MRAP Implications From MRAP
Acquisition
What were the keys in DoD meeting
the urgent requirement for fielding MRAP
in a timely manner? First, DoD kept the
requirements simple, clear, and flexible and
did not dictate a single acceptable solution.
Second, DoD made sure that only mature
technologies and stable designs were used by
setting a very short and inflexible schedule.
DoD acting as integrator of government
furnished equipment after initial delivery
eliminated some risk and uncertainty. Third,
MRAP was also given the highest possible
acquisition priority and the participating
contractors responded in positive ways to meet
the needs. Fourth, full and timely funding for
the acquisition was a definite plus.
www.defense-house.com
November 2009
The question is, can this formula be
applied to all of DOD’s major acquisitions
and the broader acquisition process? The first
two keys—simple requirements and mature
technologies—certainly can be and, in fact,
recent changes to the department’s acquisition
policies and acquisition reform legislation
passed by the Congress should enable these
practices to be implemented easier than in
the past. However, the MRAP program also
owes it success to the third and fourth key
practices as well—a DX rating as the highest
priority acquisition in the department and
nearly unlimited funding to meet the urgent
need—that are not scalable to the broader
acquisition process. Not every program can
be a highest priority and acquisition funds are
constrained.
While the MRAP acquisition benefited
from all of the practices mentioned above,
the biggest differentiator between that
rapid acquisition and other more common
acquisitions in DD was that it established
requirements that could be achieved with
existing technologies. Recent studies by
the Defense Science Board, the Defense
Acquisition Performance Assessment Panel
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
(DAPA), and GAO all indicate that the
department can and should acquire and deliver
weapon systems that fulfill urgent warfighter
needs to the field much more quickly.
The DSB study recommends a dual
acquisition path that allows for a “rapid”
acquisition process for urgent needs and
“deliberate” acquisition processes for others.
It recommends a new agency, proposed as the
Rapid Acquisition and Fielding Agency, that
would be focused on speed, utilizing existing
technologies, and acquisition flexibility to
achieve the “75 percent solution” quickly.
The DAPA Panel report, among other things,
recommended that the acquisition process
should never exceed six years from its
beginning to initial operational capability
of the acquired weapon system. It stated
that mature technologies and achievable
requirements are critical to the success of
such time certain development efforts.
The Government Accountability Office
has issued multiple reports under their “best
practices” body of work that underscore
the need for faster development cycles
and the need for mature technologies, well
understood requirements, systems engineering
13
knowledge, and incremental delivery of
capabilities to enable quicker deliveries. As
early as 19998, they concluded that successful
product developments separated technology
development from product development,
invested time and money in ensuring that
their technology base was vibrant and cutting
edge, and eliminated technology risk from
acquisitions.
The GAO noted that the DoD’s
science and technology (S&T) organization
would need to be organized and structured
differently, provided more funding to take
new technologies to higher levels of maturity,
and would have to coordinate better with
the department’s acquisition community to
achieve the synergies necessary to reduce
cycle times. The GAO made recommendations
along those lines. They believe that the “game
changer” today in achieving rapid acquisition
is the technology base. Finally, a broader
lesson learned is that it may be time to invest
the time, money, and management skills in the
S&T community to enable the effectiveness
expected from the acquisition community.
Michael J. Sullivan is the GAO’s director
Acquisition and Sourcing Management.
14 November 2009
US Army Area Mine
Clearance Projects
Area Mine Clearance System Medium Flail
The US Army Communications and
Electgronics Command Contracting Center -
Washington has issued a request for proposal
using a full and open competition method and
issued on behalf of the Army Product Man-
ager for Countermine & EOD the Area Mine
Clearance System (AMCS) Medium Flail. to 15 lbs TNT) under any portion of the plat-
The AMCS is a manned, mobile, medi-
um vehicular flail system that can neutralize
anti-personnel (AP) and anti-tank (AT) mines
with a rotating flail head over a large area,
and can survive and protect the crew from
multiple AP and AT mine blasts.
The intent of the Army is to award a sin-
gle five-year, firm fixed price/time and mate-
rials indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity
contract with a ceiling of $168 million and a
minimum guaranteed of 30 systems.
The AMCS must be a non-developmen-
tal system in accordance with FAR 2.101,
Commercial Items and must meet the follow-
ing requirements:
1. System shall protect operator (crew) from
effects from anti-tank (15 lb TNT explosive
or equivalent) and anti-personnel (PMN-2
or equivalent) mine blasts with no injury
through platform armament or tele-operation
(threshold=objective);
2. Systems shall be transportable by rail, sea-
lift, and highway (M870 trailer) and air (C-5,
C-17 and C-130) transportation assets; sys-
tems shall be capable of being configured for
transport in less than two hours for any of the
aforementioned modes (threshold);
3. System shall withstand three blasts (15
lbs TNT explosive or equivalent) detonated
under the flail head assembly during flailing
operations without sustaining battle damage
that is not repairable within 60 minutes 90-
percent of the time with available tools, re-
placement parts, and maintenance personnel
(threshold); system shall withstand five blasts
(15 lbs TNT explosive or equivalent) detonat-
ed under the flail head assembly during flail-
Emerging Defense Technologies
neutralize/destroy 80-percent of the simple
pressure AP (PMN-2 or equivalent) and AT
(equivalent to 15 lbs TNT) mines, within an
ing operations without sustaining battle dam- area or along a route in the manned-mode
age that is not repairable within 30 minutes (threshold); system shall provide the capabil-
90-percent of the time with available tools, ity to neutralize/destroy 99.6-percent of the
replacement parts, and maintenance person- AP and AT mines, within an area or along a
nel (objective), systems shall withstand the route in the unmanned tele-operation mode at
effects of one AT mine detonation (equivalent standoff ranges up to 300m (objectives);
form without sustaining battle damage that 5. System shall neutralize 80-percent of doc-
is not repairable within 12 hours 90-percent trinally employed non-hardened, simple pres-
of the time with available tools, replacement sure activated AP and AT mines in one pass
parts, and maintenance personnel (threshold); (threshold); shall neutralize 99.6-percent of
systems shall withstand the effects of one AT doctrinally employed blast-hardened, simple
mine detonation (equivalent to 30 lbs TNT) pressure activated AP and AT mines in one
under any portion of the platform without pass (objective);
sustaining battle damage that is not repairable
within four hours 90-percent of the time with 6. System shall clear a minimum lane of 3.0
available tools, replacement parts, and main- meters wide in one pass (threshold); shall
tenance personnel (objective); clear a minimum lane of 4.5 meters wide in
one pass (objective);
4. System shall provide the capability to
Light Flail Mechanical Anti-Personnel Mine
Clearing System
The Project Manager, Robotics Systems Joint Project Office (RS JPO), TACOM Life
Cycle Management Command (LCMC), Warren, MI, is seeking to identify sources capable
of manufacturing a commercial off the shelf/non-developmental item (NDI) light flail me-
chanical anti-personnel mine clearing system.
The RS JPO requires a tracked, combat engineer teleoperated light flail system with
the following core capabilities:
a. Neutralization of anti-personnel (AP) and anti-tank (AT) mines by either destroying
or detonating them with its rotating flail head. The system will neutralize nonhardened,
simple pressure mines in designated, marked areas.
b. Teleoperation from within the blast protected medium mine protected vehicle or from a
safe dismounted location. The unmanned systems will keep soldiers out of harm’s way by
providing teleoperation from safe standoff distances. The handheld, stand-off remote con-
trol feature of the system will allow the operator to remain outside the range of exploding
mines during the clearing process.
c. The machine’s engine and vital components will be protected by steel armor plates
against mine explosion fragments.
d. The system will be capable of being sling loaded by joint and Army heavy rotary wing
helicopters.
e. The system should also have the capability of using steel rollers in the head, in lieu of
flail hammers.
www.defense-house.com
November 2009
There are several mine flails currently in operations worldwide including the USAF C-130
approved Hydrema 910MCV2 shown here.
7. Systems shall traverse complex, urban ter-
rain and a 20-percent up slope, down slope
and 10-percent side slope without roll-over
(threshold); shall traverse complex, urban
terrain and a 25-percent up slope, down slope
and 15-percent side slope without roll-over
(objective);
8. System maintain a minimum ground speed
400/800 meters per hour, with flail operat-
ing (threshold); shall maintain a minimum
ground speed 1000 meters per hour, with
flail operating (objective); shall penetrate un-
disturbed, dry soil composed of clay or clay
mixture to a depth of 100 to 300 millimeters
(mm) at minimum operational ground speed
(threshold); shall penetrate undisturbed, dry
soil composed of clay or clay mixture to a
depth of 1000 mm at minimum operational
ground speed (objective);
9. System shall be capable of completing 2
hours of flailing with a 94-percent probability
of not experiencing a System Abort (thresh-
old); shall be capable of completing 2 hours
of flailing with a 98-percent probability of not
experiencing a System Abort (objective); the
sixth attribute is as follows: the Maintenance
Ratio (MR) shall be less than 0.30 Mainte-
nance Man-hours per Operating Hour (MMH/
OH) including PMCS (threshold); the Main-
tenance Ratio (MR) shall be less than 0.10
MMH/OH including PMCS (objective);
10. System shall have the capability for the
operator to immediately stop the flail sys-
tem and flail head (threshold); upon loss of
tele-operation data link between the operator
control unit and the medium flail system, the
medium flail system will automatically stop
moving and stop flailing (objective); shall
provide the operator with alarms and data at
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
the operator control unit for vehicle status
(objective);
11. System shall be capable of operating in
hot and basic climates ranging from positive
320F to 1350F (frozen soil will degrade the
performance of the flail head), shall survive
storage and transportation in hot, basic and
cold environments in accordance with AR
70-38, shall be capable of being operated by
personnel while wearing appropriate cloth-
ing to include Mission Oriented Protective
Posture (MOPP) Level 4 (threshold equal to
objective);
12. System shall operate with multi-fuels JP8
and diesel (objective);
13. System shall provide adequate space in
cab to mount SINCGARS radio (R68044:
VRC-90F) and its mounting bracket, 24 volt
power connection and provisions to connect
and mount an external antenna (threshold
equal to objective);
14. System shall be capable of withstanding
the effects of two BLU 97, MK118, M42 and/
or M73 sub-munitions with no significant
degradation to mission effectiveness (thresh-
old); flail head shall be capable of withstand-
ing the effects of ten BLU 97, MK 118, M42
and/or M73 sub-munitions with no significant
degradation to mission effectiveness (objec-
tive);
15. System shall be capable of being oper-
ated in the manned-mode (threshold); shall
be capable of being operated in the manned
and tele-operated modes, a line of sight dis-
tance of 300 meters in the tele-operated mode
(objective).
15
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16 November 2009
DoD FY2010 Budget
The Congressional Budget Office looks at the
long-term implications of the DoD’s Fiscal Year
2010 budget submission
The 2010 regular budget request (ex-
cluding overseas contingency operations) in-
cludes $188 billion, or 35 percent of the total,
for O&M and $136 billion, or 25 percent of
the total budget, for military personnel.
Between 1980 and 2001, O&M costs
per active-duty service member increased
steadily by about $2,200 per year (in constant
2010 dollars). O&M has deviated above that
trend since 2002 because the wars in Iraq and
Afghanistan have required large amounts of
O&M funding but more modest increases in
active end strength (the number of active mil-
itary personnel as of the last day of the fiscal
year.). Those funds supported U.S. military
forces in the Iraq and Afghanistan theaters,
providing food, housing, and contracted se-
curity; fuel, spare parts, and maintenance for
military equipment; transportation of person-
nel and equipment to and from the theater;
and other services.
The regular defense budget for 2010 re-
quests O&M funding that exceeds the prewar
trend line by between $12,000 and $15,000
per service member; an additional $9,000 per
service member would be required if fund-
ing for overseas contingency operations is
included.
Emerging Defense Technologies
Projections of Funding for Investment
The 2010 regular budget request for invest-
ment (excluding overseas contingency opera-
tions) includes $109 billion, or 20 percent of
the total defense budget, for procurement; it
also includes $79 billion, or 15 percent of
the total, for research, development, test, and
evaluation. CBO’s projection of $126 billion
in procurement funding for 2020 is $8 billion
below CBO’s earlier projection that was based
on the 2009 FYDP; CBO’s projection of $187
billion in total investment funding for 2020 is
$7 billion below its earlier projection.
The new, smaller projections incorporate re-
cently announced changes to DoD’s
investment plans.
Basis of Projections
The Secretary of Defense announced
several major changes to DoD’s investment
plans before the formal release of the 2010
budget.36 Although additional details were
provided in the budget request and in subse-
quent press releases and briefing materials,
the Administration did not submit a FYDP
(which would have contained projected fund-
ing and other program information through
2015) with its 2010 budget request.
Nor did it submit year-end (December
2008) Selected Acquisition Reports (SARs),
which would have provided cost, schedule,
and funding data (including the estimated
out-year funding requirements) to reflect the
program of record for each major defense ac-
quisition program.
In the absence of information typically
available in a FYDP, CBO relied on the Presi-
dent’s 2010 budget request, with its accompa-
nying budget justification materials, and other
sources (including the previous year’s FYDP
and SARs, to the extent they are still applica-
ble) to project investment resources through
what would have been the FYDP years (2011
through 2015) and further out, to 2028
.
Important Influences on Projections of
the Costs of Investment
This section provides four examples of
changes in DoD’s investment plans that CBO
was largely able to anticipate and thus build
into its projection of the 2010 defense bud-
get. Those four changes affect the number of
brigade combat teams (BCTs) in the active
Army, the Future Combat Systems (FCS)
program, the Airborne Laser (ABL) program,
and sea- and land-based missile defense in
Europe.
Less Brigade Combat Teams
According to the 2009 FYDP, DoD
planned to expand the active Army from 42
to 48 combat brigades by 2013 (as well as
28 BCTs in the Army National Guard). In its
2009 edition of Budget Options, CBO noted
that the active Army would probably be un-
able to identify 23,000 additional soldiers
(beyond those already identified) to fully
populate six new brigades under the current
cap on total Army personnel. In April 2009,
By Matthew S. Goldberg
www.defense-house.com
November 2009 17

the Secretary of Defense proposed curtailing portion of the FCS program. The department cost a total of $43 billion between 2010 and
the number of BCTs at 45 (versus 48) as a would then reevaluate that component and re- 2019. In addition, CBO estimated a cost of
means to ensure that deployed units are fully start it at some unspecified time in the future. $37 billion over the same 10-year period to
staffed and to end the routine use of “stop Further details concerning the revised FCS spin out improved communications and other
loss” (the practice of involuntarily retaining program, including funding estimates and systems for all 73 of the Army’s active and
deployed soldiers past the end of their enlist- delivery schedules for the various compo- National Guard BCTs.
ment or reenlistment contracts, until after nents, will most likely not be available until All together, the program assumed in
their units return to the United States). DoD submits its 2011 budget (and associated CBO’s projections would cost an estimated
The Secretary also proposed maintain- FYDP) in February 2010. $18 billion less over the next 10 years than
ing the active Army’s planned end strength at As a substitute for the FCS plan that the plan in the 2009 FYDP. The Secretary’s
547,000. CBO estimates that by holding that would have procured about 300 new vehicles announcement concerning FCS left open the
end strength, DoD can avoid requesting as per year, CBO analyzed a plan under which possibility of restarting the Army’s program
much as $16 billion over the next five years the Army would upgrade its existing Abrams to develop new types of manned combat ve-
in budget authority that would be required for tanks, Bradley fighting vehicles, and M109 hicles; CBO’s estimates did not include any
the expansion. self-propelled howitzers and also purchase development or procurement costs for that
new Stryker wheeled vehicles. CBO esti- program.
Cancelled FCS Manned Vehicle Progams mates those upgrades and new purchases of Matthew S. Goldberg the Congressional
an average of 770 vehicles per year would Budget Office’s acting assistant director.
The FCS program had been planned to
encompass eight new models of manned com-
bat vehicles as well as new unmanned aerial
and ground vehicles, sensors, and munitions.
All of those components would be linked by
advanced communications networks into an
integrated combat system. In January 2009,
CBO projected (on the basis of the 2009
FYDP) that the Army’s FCS program would
cost $60 billion over the next 10 years; “spin-
ning out” technology enhancements to all of
the Army’s infantry BCTs would cost $10 bil-
lion; the upgrades and purchase of combat ve-
hicles would cost $28 billion. The combined
10-year cost of those related programs would
have been $98 billion.
The Secretary announced in April 2009
that DoD would cancel the manned-vehicle
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
18 November 2009

On Target
M109A6 &
M992A2
BAE Systems has been awarded a con-
tract from the U.S. Army Tank Automotive &
Armaments Command for the procurement
and fabrication of five prototype M109A6
Paladin Integrated Management (PIM) self-
propelled howitzer vehicles and two pro-
totype M992A2 field artillery ammunition
support vehicles (FAASV). The total contract
value is $63.9 million.
The Paladin provides critical fire sup-
port for soldiers in the heavy brigade combat
team,” said Joe McCarthy, vice president and
general manager, heavy brigade combat team
(HBCT) systems for BAE Systems. “The PIM
program will ensure that this essential fire

Ukrainian T-84 Oplots to Georgia

support system remains sustainable through
its projected life beyond the year 2050.”
The Paladin PIM uses the existing
M109A6 main armament and cab structure
while replacing outmoded chassis compo-
nents with up-to-date components from the
Bradley Combat Systems to increase sustain-
ability and commonality across the HBCTs.
Paladin PIM incorporates a state-of-the-art
digital backbone and robust power generation
capability. PIM also integrates electric eleva-
tion and traverse drives, electric rammer and
a digital fire control system. The M992A2
FAASV provides armor protected ammuni-
tion delivery for the M109A6 Paladin.
Design and engineering analysis work
for the vehicle structure, automotive systems
and electric and vehicle electronics will be
performed at BAE Systems facilities in Penn-
Ukraine will hand 12 T-84 Oplot tanks,
developed by the Kharkiv Morozov Machine
Building Design Bureau, to Georgia in Oc-
tober, Verkhovna Rada deputy Valerii Kon-
ovaliuk of the Party of Regions faction has
announced to the press.
In his words, the state company for ex-
port and import of military and special-pur-
pose products and services Ukrspetseksport
will deliver the banks to the Georgian side.
The Georgian side has already trans-
ferred UAH 45 million of payment for the
armor.
The Oplot main battle tank is outfit with
a 125mm smoothbore KBA3 gun, a total of
40 rounds of separate loading ammunition
(projectile and charge), of which 28 rounds
are placed in the automatic loader. It is also
equipped wit a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun
with ammunition of 450 rounds and a 12.7mm
anti-aircraft machine gun with ammunition of
1,250 rounds.
As Ukrainian News earlier reported,
President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev in Au-
gust criticised Ukraine for supplying arms to
Georgia.
In October 2008, Russia assured that
Ukraine had been holding lead in supplies of
arms to Georgia in 2004-2007.

sylvania, California, New York, Minnesota
and Michigan as well as U.S government fa-
cilities at the Army Research and Develop-
ment Center in Picatinny, NJ. The remanu-
facture program for the Paladin fleet will be
performed in partnership with the Anniston
Army Depot and at BAE Systems facilities in
York, PA, and Elgin, OK.
Runflats
US Army Tank-automotive and Arma-
ments Comand has issued a sources sought
announcement seeking to qualify multiple
sources for HMMWV its runflat applica-
tion. The new device will become the only
device and will phase out all prior run flat
applications made available for all HM-
MWVs.
The notice is intended to qualify mul-
tiple sources and phase out all previous
HMMWV runflat devices. Currently the
three runflat NSNs are 2640011612114-
Magnesium runflat, 2640013349453-runflat
for radial or bias tire and 2640014196202-
runflat for radial tire (only).
The Army’s HMMWV is approaching
an increased weight minimum of 15,400
pounds. Solutions must be applicable and
adaptable to the military environment in-
cluding extreme ambient operating con-
ditions from -50 degrees to 135 degrees
Fahrenheit, as well as increased weight;
4,540 lbs (threshold), 5,000 lbs (objective)
per corner. Proposed technologies must be
at a military hardware Technical Readiness
Level 8 or greater.

Emerging Defense Technologies www.defense-house.com

November 2009
M-ATVs
Arrive For C4I
Integration
The next generation of mine resistant
ambush protected vehicles, the MRAP all ter-
rain vehicles (M-ATVs), have arrived at Space
and Naval Warfare (SPAWAR) Systems Cen-
ter (SSC) Atlantic. As with the MRAP vehi-
cles, SSC Atlantic is responsible for the pro-
totyping, testing, integration, installation and
quality assurance of all advanced electronic
communications equipment on the M-ATVs.
SSC Atlantic has a proven record of suc-
cess with command and control, communica-
tions, computer, intelligence (C4I) equipment
integration of MRAP. SSC Atlantic’s C4I
Expeditionary Systems government/industry
team has performed C4I integration of more
than 16,000 MRAP vehicles since 2007. The
highly successful MRAP integration ramp
up at SSC Atlantic attracted visitors from
throughout the Department of Defense, in-
cluding Secretary of Defense Robert Gates,
Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Marine Corps General James Cartwright,
then-Secretary of the Navy Donald Winter,
Chief of Naval Operations Gary Roughead
and others.
The M-ATVs are manufactured by Os-
hkosh Corporation, which was awarded the
production contract June 30. More than 6,600
M-ATVs are currently authorized.
The M-ATV answers an urgent and com-
pelling requirement to protect warfighters
with a highly survivable, off-road capable
vehicle. The M-ATV mission is for small unit
combat operations in highly restricted rural,
mountainous and urban environments that in-
clude mounted patrols, reconnaissance, secu-
rity, convoy protection and communications.
The vehicles have started to flow from
the vendor to SSC Atlantic. The first ship-
ment of integrated vehicles has been flown
to warfighters in Afghanistan. These vehicles
will be used to complement other tactical
vehicles—including MRAPs—currently be-
ing used. The lack of established roads and
bridges in the Afghanistan theater of opera-
tions requires a more mobile vehicle than the
previous MRAPs produced.
Since the Office of the Secretary of De-
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
fense determined the M-ATV is within the
MRAP family of vehicles, it will continue to
be managed by the MRAP Joint Program Of-
fice. The Marine Corps is executing the joint
program on behalf of the Navy (lead service)
with Marine Corps Brigadier General Mi-
chael Brogan as the Joint Program Executive
Officer.
According to Brogan, lessons learned
during the MRAP integration efforts in
Charleston have been valuable in speeding
the manufacture, prototyping and installa-
tion of the government furnished equipment
(GFE) that provides C4I capabilities on the
M-ATVs. One of the lessons learned will help
the vendor better prepare the vehicles for the
GFE added at SSC Atlantic. “… We were able
to feed back to Oshkosh specific bracketry,
racks and cabling so all that can be installed in
the vehicle during manufacture; which means
we don’t have to do it at SPAWAR,” Brogan
said. “The goal was to push as much of that
work that was getting done at SPAWAR, par-
ticularly the touch labor, upstream into the
manufacturing process. Because we knew it
going into this, we were able to include it into
the design. That clearly is one of the lessons
learned from Baseline MRAP that will speed
the process at Charleston,” he added.
The SSC Atlantic team has extensive
experience in the integration and fielding of
various Marine mobile radio communications
Two mine-resistant, ambush-protected all-terrain vehicles arrived at Bagram Airfield, Afghan-
istan, on October 1.Transporting M-ATVs by aircraft can be accomplished in a day, where sea-
lift would require approximately 26 days. An order for more than 6,600 M-ATVs are expected
to be fielded during the next year.
19
and tactical data radio sets, sensors and vari-
ous signal intelligence systems that enhance
the warfighter’s situational awareness, com-
munications and other capabilities on the bat-
tlefield. The team has demonstrated its ability
to meet a strict delivery schedule on a high
volume of vehicles while maintaining con-
figuration management across multiple C4I
variants.
SSC Atlantic will utilize many members
of the MRAP integration team from various
engineering disciplines, including industrial
and mechanical engineering, technicians,
subject matter experts and support staff. SSC
Atlantic’s solid partnerships with small- to
mid-sized industry provide the agility re-
quired to meet the demands associated with a
project of this magnitude. As with the MRAP
effort, the M-ATV team is responsible for ev-
ery aspect of the activities, from engineering
to receipt and final inspection in theater. SSC
Atlantic also provides engineering reachback
for all capability packages.
SSC Atlantic commanding officer Cap-
tain Bruce Urbon said, “The MRAP vehicles
have resulted in the saving of many lives and
limbs, and our involvement in this program
has been very rewarding. We look forward
to continuing our role providing direct sup-
port to the warfighter by integrating advanced
electronic communications equipment in the
M-ATVs.”
20 November 2009

On Target
Extending Gun Barrel
Service Life
Program Executive Office, Integrated Warfare Systems’ (PEO
IWS) Naval Gunnery Project Office is reviewing results from the
advanced gun barrel technology (AGBT) rapid fire test conducted in
September at Dugway Proving Grounds, Utah. The test firing was the
final demonstration of a new refractory metal coating for large caliber
naval gun barrels.
During the demonstration, 48 high-propellant rounds were ex-
pelled in rapid fire mode from the Navy’s 155mm Advanced Gun Sys-
tem (AGS) engineering development model gun mount for eventual
installation on the U.S. Navy’s new Zumwalt-class destroyer.
PEO IWS’ Naval Gunnery Project Office is examining results
from the firing to determine if the technology performed as antici-
pated, and also if the technology might be leveraged for use by other
naval guns “Gun barrel wear and erosion are factors that can limit the
performance of large caliber gun weapon systems,” said Shawn Bar-
reto, Naval Gunnery Project Office AGS assistant project manager.
“The anticipated objective for this new coating is to provide a fifty
percent increase in the service life of the barrel while reducing the
overall life cycle cost.”
The AGBT demonstration at Dugway was the culmination of a capable of delivering naval surface fire support,” said Barreto. “The
five-year Future Naval Capability program funded by the Office of refractory coating could also serve as a technology enabler in the de-
Naval Research (ONR) with collaboration from the Naval Surface velopment of new high performance munitions.”
Warfare Centers and the defense industry. During the five-year period, AGS is a fully integrated gun weapon system that will include
BAE Systems worked cooperatively with Paradigm Shift Technolo- at least two separate gun systems for each DDG 1000 warship. Each
gies of Toronto, Ontario, developing coating materials and processes gun system will be capable of independently firing up to 10 rounds
for gun application. per minute from an automated magazine storing as many as 600
“An increased service life would reduce the life cycle support rounds. The 155mm rounds are about 6.1 inches in diameter, versus
cost for the program, while ensuring that gun weapon systems remain the 127mm diameter of the standard 5-inch projectile.

Non-GPS Navigation
Northrop Grumman Corporation has received a contract modification from the U.S. Department of Defense to further demonstrate a revo-
lutionary advance in inertial navigation. The demonstration project makes use of traditional electro-optic (EO) cameras, atomic clocks, and
advanced vision processing technologies to provide inertial navigation system (INS) updates to aircraft, ground vehicles and ground troops
without the need for continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) input to maintain precise position and time.
Called LEGAND, for LADAR EO GPS/INS atomic clock navigation demonstration, the project aims to provide ground troops, aircraft,
and ground vehicles the capability to maintain precision navigation in places not currently possible due to challenged or denied access to GPS,
thus sustaining their operations. The LEGAND system processes visual motion observations to provide INS updates while the atomic clock
maintains time synchronization, providing users precision navigation while rapidly re-acquiring partial or complete GPS input.
When GPS access is denied our warfighters in urban or indoor environments, they are often unable to maintain mission engagement. This
inability to update the inertial navigation system with GPS causes a gradual loss of its precision navigation capability resulting in mission deg-
radation or cancellation,” said Gorik Hossepian, vice president of Navigation and Positioning Systems for Northrop Grumman’s Navigation
Systems Division. “This translates into less time focused on potential hostile targets of interest.”
Hossepian noted that LEGAND’s small size, weight and power requirements make it highly adaptable to current unmanned aircraft and
will provide ground commanders critical battlespace awareness. “The innovative inertial navigation system can also benefit individual soldiers
operating in remote areas on the ground,” he added.
Two successful studies of the core LEGAND technologies were completed by Northrop Grumman in September 2008 and February 2009
and the current demonstration hardware development phase funded by this contract modification is expected to continue through September
2010.
Emerging Defense Technologies www.defense-house.com
November 2009
MicroDAGR GPS
Rockwell Collins today introduced its
new MicroDAGR handheld GPS receiver for
soldiers. This latest-generation navigation de-
vice, which is a smaller version of Rockwell
Collins’ highly successful Defense Advanced
GPS Receiver (DAGR), brings together the
best commercial technologies with the secu-
rity needed to meet military requirements,
and the durability needed to survive the most
rugged battlefield conditions.
The MicroDAGR provides dismounted
soldiers with real-time position, navigation,
moving maps and timing information on a
full-color touch screen display, and is small
enough to be worn on the wrist, attached to
a lanyard, or placed in a pocket. The receiver
initially features L1 frequency capability, uti-
lizing military only secure GPS signals with
anti-jamming and anti-spoofing capabilities.
MicroDAGR is also equipped with the latest
Selective Availability Anti-Spoofing Module
(SAASM)-based anti-jamming software.
Designed in response to feedback from
soldiers in the field, the MicroDAGR also
incorporates several new features including
vibration alert, an MP3 player and a digital
camera. These features will allow soldiers to
record geo-rectified images of the battlefield
for after-action review and analysis, listen to
foreign language translations of important
commands and phrases and get silent alerts
from their MicroDAGR when they reach pre-
programmed waypoints and/or danger areas.
“The MicroDAGR represents a major
step forward in delivering a small, light-
weight, easy-to-use GPS receiver to the
military,” said Bruce King, vice president
and general manager of surface solutions
for Rockwell Collins. “We can’t wait to get
this innovative new system into the hands
of our soldiers so they can be equipped with
the latest technology for enhanced situational
awareness, safety and security.”
The new system will be available for
delivery in January 2010. The first deliveries
of the MicroDAGR will go to the U.S. Army
Rapid Equipping Force (REF). Through the
REF, the U.S. Army will ensure that this im-
portant new soldier capability reaches the
warfighters as quickly as possible.
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
21
Rugged Tactical Vehicle Computer
Elbit Systems of America, LLC, a wholly owned
subsidiary of Elbit Systems Ltd. recently unveiled its
newest tactical computer, the ETC Mark IV, designed
to deliver a powerful computer capabilities within
cramped vehicle conditions.
The ETC Mark IV features a brilliant daylight-
readable 10.4-inch touch-screen display, built-In key-
board, Windows XP or Linux operating system capa-
bility, ergonomic design, Intel Dual Core 1.66MHz
processor, 2GB DDR2 memory, flash memory for
rugged use, two radio modems, 1GBps LAN interface
and many enabling interfaces that allow the unit to replace multiple legacy systems with
one computer. The computer is designed for comfortable use as well as ease of operation,
and twelve programmable function keys make it an ideal platform for custom applications.
The ETC Mark IV is the newest in a series of tactical vehicle computer systems produced
by Elbit Systems, more than 13,000 of which are in use by various military and coalition
forces around the world.
The ETC Mark IV will be available with embedded military SAASM or commercial
GPS as well as two radio interfaces and options for other interfaces such as FBCB2, CAN
Bus, 1553 Bus or other customized user interface requirements.
“We believe the new ETC Mark IV is a refreshingly versatile and space-saving com-
puter solution that makes sense for both new vehicle platforms and retrofit programs,” said
Jim English, vice president C4I Solutions, Elbit Systems of America. “It is our third entry
into the tactical vehicle computer market, following the Tacter MVP with its remote 10.4-
inch display and the Tacter-31D, our dismountable Core 2 Duo tablet computer.”
Navistar and Tatra New Alliance
Navistar Defense, LLC and Tatra, a.s., coming opportunities include the Israel
a heavy-duty truck manufacturer located in Medium Tactical Truck (MTT) and Canada
Koprivnice, Czech Republic, have signed 10x10 wrecker programs.”
an agreement to jointly develop, produce Under the agreement, a Navistar and
and market new military tactical off-road Tatra branded truck will be marketed un-
trucks. der Navistar Defense in all North American
The new vehicle will utilize Navistar markets including the United States mili-
engines and other components in addition to tary and Foreign Military Sales financed by
Tatra’s proven backbone-tube chassis design the United States government. Tatra will
and independent suspension system. Tatra’s also source parts and components through
chassis concept was originally developed in Navistar’s global parts and support network
1923 and today uses swinging half-axles for for Tatra trucks delivered in markets outside
exceptional off-road mobility and added re- of North America.
sistance against chassis wear and tear. “We are tremendously excited about
“We believe the Tatra chassis is the this strategic alliance with Navistar De-
most capable off-road suspension system fense,” said Ronald Adams, board of direc-
available anywhere in the world,” said Ar- tors’ chairman and CEO, Tatra. “Navistar is
chie Massicotte, president, Navistar De- a great company with a proven track record
fense. “By joining with Tatra, the team is of success and a very fine team of profes-
positioned well to compete for new vehicle sionals covering all disciplines of the truck
programs with U.S. and Allied Forces. Up- business.”
22 November 2009

Deployed Jackel
The UK’s Household Cavalry troopers
have been preparing to deploy to Afghani-
stan by undertaking intensive training in their
new Jackal all-terrain vehicles on the rugged
sand dunes of North Devon. Soldiers from the
Household Cavalry, who are normally based
at Windsor, took to the spectacular Braunton
Burrows 900-acre sand dune system near
Barnstaple as part of this effort.
They put their Jackal vehicles through
their paces in tough and demanding sandy
conditions which are similar in many ways
On Target
MTU Series 881 Diesel Engine
MTU has long been a leader in the development of high speed diesel engines for
defense applications. In September, the 8V configuration of MTU’s Series 881 defense
engine (MT881 KA501) became the latest in a long line of MTU engines to successfully
complete NATO AEP-5 (Allied Engineering Publication) testing. The 400-hour test was
conducted by the Tognum subsidiary MTU at Bundeswehr Technical Center for Automo-
tive and Armored Vehicles (WTD 41). The test is an accelerated life test, which is meant
to simulate the entire life cycle of the engine. It was performed in accordance with the
international standards set forth in NATO AEP-5, which require that the engine is run 200
hours on jet engine fuel (JP8) and 200 hours on regular diesel fuel.
The MTU Series 881 is a high-speed common-rail diesel engine that offers up to
1,200 bhp at 3,000 rpm. It is currently in use by several armed forces including the Turkish
Army for its M60 tank upgrade program and the USMC Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle.

to the conditions they will soon experience
in Helmand province. The Household Cav-
alry, who are deploying as part of 11 Light
Brigade, are reconnaissance experts and will
be the eyes and ears of the force, gathering
information and battlefield intelligence on the
insurgents 24-hours-a-day in all conditions.
Mounted primarily in the Scimitar com-
bat vehicle some of the troopers from the
regiment have now been trained in using the
new, all-terrain, protected Jackal vehicles to
give the unit extra flexibility. Stealthy, power-
ful and highly maneuverable, the vehicles can
be fitted with a wide range of weaponry from
grenade launchers to machine guns, making
them a potent weapon against the Taliban.
Lieutenant James Hulme, a Troop Lead-
er from A Squadron of the Household Cav-
alry Regiment, said, “We have been training
Emerging Defense Technologies
for the deployment for many months and the
intensive training here with the Jackals on the
Devon dunes is a key part of our UK training.
The Jackal is a fantastic piece of equipment
- the troops are very impressed with it and
its mobility over the roughest terrain is un-
rivalled. It’s been tested to its limits here on
the dunes; it can get over, or up, pretty much
anything.
The Jackal is one of the most agile and
versatile vehicles on operations and has re-
ceived enormous acclaim from soldiers on
the ground. It has high levels of off-road mo-
bility enabling troops to avoid well-trodden
routes, giving them a degree of unpredictabil-
ity which is an essential tactical asset in itself.
The design of the vehicle hull incorporates
advanced armor protection features.
RPG Vehicle
Protection
Textron Defense Systems, an operating
unit of Textron Systems,. recently announced
that its Tactical Rocket Propelled Grenade
(RPG) Airbag Protection System (TRAPS)
had successfully completed testing at the
Energetic Materials Research and Testing
Center (EMRTC) in Socorro, NM. The test-
ing was accomplished under the supervision
of the U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research,
Development and Engineering Center.
TRAPS is a vehicle protection system
that utilizes sensor detection technology
combined with airbags and non-lethal coun-
termeasures to defeat threats. During testing,
numerous live RPGs were fired at different
angles and from both short and long ranges at
the TRAPS system.
“Goals for this round of testing included
recording extensive system data, as well as
evaluating its baseline operational perfor-
mance,” said Tom McNamara, chief technol-
ogy officer of Textron Systems Corporation.
“With these Phase I tasks accomplished suc-
cessfully, we are looking forward to further
fine tuning the TRAPS system’s capability.”
Phase II testing is expected to take place
in late fall of this year. As with the successful
Phase I test event, Phase II testing will utilize
an architecture design for the mine resistant
ambush protected vehicles.
“TRAPS is designed to deliver an in-
valuable measure of added protection to warf-
ighters in the field,” said Textron Defense
Systems senior vice president and general
manager Mark Catizone.
www.defense-house.com
November 2009 23

TARDEC and ARL Ground Soldier

Top Awards System
A U.S. Army project to develop light- Rockwell Collins has announced that it
weight, mine-resistant fuel carriers has been has delivered 10 prototype systems for the
recognized as an unparalleled example of the U.S. Army Ground Soldier System (GSS) In-
technology development and collaboration crement 1 program, which will significantly
needed to protect and promote warfighters. enhance soldiers’ effectiveness on the battle-
The U.S. Army Tank Automotive, field.
Research, Development and Engineering soldiers and military personnel.” “We believe the Rockwell Collins team
Center’s (TARDEC’s) and Army Research Engineers with TARDEC’s Prototype has created a system that will exceed nearly
Laboratory’s (ARL’s) lightweight vehicle un- Integration Facility partnered with ARL, the every aspect of the requirements set forth
derbody protection system (LVUPS) received Army Test and Evaluation Center and defense by the Ground Soldier program,” said Bruce
a 2009 collaboration award during the U.S. industry contractors to design and field test King, vice president and general manager
Army Acquisitions Corps Annual Award Cer- the underbody system. of surface solutions
emony. The project, which linked the efforts
Pre-Gunshot
The system incorporates for Rockwell Collins.
of TARDEC engineers, other Army research- features that optimize a “We’re encouraged by
ers and defense industry experts, has resulted vehicle’s ability to with- the feedback we’ve al-
in development of the LVUPS mine protec-
tion system that enhances field maneuverabil-
stand blast force from
improvised explosive
Detection ready received from
soldiers, and expect that
ity, lowers weight, increases occupant pro- devices and other ex- The U.S. Research, Development and our GSS Increment 1
tection, saves fuel and lowers the life-cycle plosives and land mines. Engineering Command Acquisition system will be further
costs associated with mine resistant ambush Those materials and pro- Center (RDECOM) has a requirement, enhanced with the input
protected (MRAP) vehicles. cesses include the use of in support of the Rapid Equipping Force, obtained from the warf-
“This project exemplifies the kind of aluminum lithium 2195 for the development of a Pre-Sniper/ ighter during the proto-
dedication, cooperation, innovation, exper- and Friction Stir Weld- Pre-Marksman system that is mountable type evaluation phase.”
tise and personal pride necessary—and inher- ing. to U.S. Army tactical vehicles and pro- King noted the U.S.
ent —in every project and program that TAR- The annual awards vides the capability to detect the pres- government’s efforts
DEC undertakes on behalf of the nation’s ceremony recognizes the ence of enemy snipers and marksmen to embed members of
military personnel,” noted TARDEC Director accomplishments of the prior to a shot occurring. their team within the
Dr. Grace M. Bochenek. “This kind of collab- acquisition workforce’s Rockwell Collins team
oration leverages the most advanced vehicle most extraordinary mem- allowed rapid progress
system technology solutions available for our bers and the teams they lead. and decision making on the overall system.
Rockwell Collins, together with its team-
mate Elbit Systems of America, created a full
soldier system prototype that improves upon
combat-proven displays and navigation sys-
tems originally developed for the Land War-
rior program, and incorporates superior video
processing, mass storage, computing and in-
formation assurance capabilities. The system
includes Elbit Systems of America’s proven,
soldier-worn Dominator computing system,
to bring the required computing capability to
the program.
The GSS Increment 1 program focuses
Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics and Technology on providing mature technologies to provide
OASA(ALT) Military Deputy LTG N. Ross Thompson III (left), Deputy Assistant Secretary for improved situational awareness and network
Research and Technology and Army Chief Scientist Dr. Thomas H. Killion (second from left) capabilities for the soldier, while minimizing
and OASA(ALT) Principal Deputy Dean G. Popps (right) present a 2009 Department of the size, weight and power. Rockwell Collins is
Army Research and Development Laboratory of the Year Award: Collaboration Team of the one of three companies selected for the tech-
Year Award to ARL’s William Mermagen (center) and TARDEC Director Dr. Grace M. Bo- nology development phase of the program.
chenek (fourth from left). (Photo by Paul Trembly.)
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
24 November 2009
Brigade Combat Team Modernization
In response to Defense Secretary Rob-
ert Gates’ order to dramatically revamp the
Future Combat System, the Army is moving
forward with a program called the Brigade
Combat Team Modernization program.
The program is converting the effort to
spin out FCS technologies into a capabili-
ties package concept, but also is working to
acquire a “single network solution,” by inte-
grating current and future networks, to bring
the existing MRAP vehicles into the force
and to develop a ground combat vehicle that
“will meet the needs of today and tomorrow,”
said Lieutenant General Stephen Speakes, the
deputy chief of staff, G-8.
At the same time, the Army must reset
the mass of equipment being withdrawn from
Iraq, Speakes said. “We are simultaneously
resetting, upgrading, and modernizing,” he
said.
But Major General Robert Lennox, who
is Speakes’ designated replacement, warned
that the defense budget appears to be flat-
tening, while requirements, medical costs,
military pay and the expense of infrastructure
improvements the Army has promised its fam-
ilies are growing. “Declining resources will
have an impact on us,” Lennox said, which
will force the Army to “focus on what’s really
important, and what’s not.”
Lieutenant General Michael Vane, direc-
tor of Army Capabilities Integration Center
at the Training and Doctrine Command, said
the concepts and programs were developed
based on lessons learned from eight years of
PEO Integration
The Department of the Army has an-
nounced that it established the Program Ex-
ecutive Office (PEO) Integration to support
current and future acquisitions programs.
This office supports the April 2009 Secretary
of Defense decision to cancel Future Combat
Systems (FCS) and restructure the program
in accordance with guidance by the Defense
Acquisition Executive to the Army outlined
in the June 2009 Acquisition Decision Mem-
orandum.
PEO Integration will oversee several
Emerging Defense Technologies
war, from several modernization projects and
from information from soldiers recently re-
turned from war, the Army acquisition corps,
other services and key allies. What they have
learned is that providing protective capability
in a future combat vehicle is primary, there
is a need to avoid predictable routes, which
means some off-road capability and “the
need for a combat vehicle that can operate
in a complex environment,” including urban
areas, Vane said. That means the new vehicle
will need to grow in “size, weight and com-
putational capability.” The vehicle also must
provide command and control on the move
and with dismounted soldiers, he continued.
On developing the network, Vane said they
were surprised to learn that soldiers and com-
manders in the field were more concerned
with improving connectivity than getting the
ability to move large volumes of data. “We
must close the gap battalion and below,” he
said.
Major General John Bratley, program
executive officer for Integration, formerly
the PEO for FCS, said they have produced
a proposal for the new ground combat ve-
hicle, which must be approved by the Joint
Requirements Oversight Council and then the
joint staff.
“The idea is to have an acquisition deci-
sion by the end of this year” and a draft re-
quest for proposals to industry next August.
Although details on the new vehicle are
not set, Vane listed some of the attributes they
are seeking, including MRAP-type protection
project and product management offices
which focus on the Ground Combat Vehicle,
the Network, and Brigade Combat Team
(BCT) modernization.
“It is important for the Army to establish
a new PEO,” said Acquisition Executive and
Acting Assistant Secretary of the Army for
Acquisition, Logistics and Technology Dean
G. Popps. “We are moving forward with ef-
forts to improve our ability to equip brigade
combat teams, and to modernize the Army
consistent with the Army force generation
model. PEO integration will enable better
portfolio management.”
On Target
against IEDs, but scalable protection that can
be adjusted for other combat conditions, “mo-
bility, as good as our Bradleys and Abrams
can deliver today in off road,” and lower fuel
consumption.
They also will be modernizing existing
vehicles as well as buying new, he said.
The capabilities packages being devel-
oped will put FCS spin off technologies and
other capabilities into the brigade combat
teams first, then into other brigades, Vane
said. They will include “non-material solu-
tions,” including training, he added.
The plan is to have the ability to upgrade
capabilities on a two-year cycle, rather than
the current four years.
“Army modernization may shift to buy-
ing less, more often, to allow us to respond to
changes,” Vane said.And, “strategy and risk
assessment must drive procurement, not the
other way around,” he said.
Lieutenant General Ross Thompson, di-
rector of the Army Acquisition Corps, said
the Army is responding to orders from the
Congress and Gates’ office to greatly expand
its depleted acquisition work force and plans
to add 2,000 new workers and to in-source
4,000 jobs currently contracted out.
Speakes summed up the presentation by
saying that while the Army has challenges,
“we have profited from the hard-won lessons
of war.”
One of those lessons is that there is no
certainty about the future, he noted.
“What we’re looking at is an Army that
must continuously adapt its modernization
strategy” to become a “versatile, flexible
force.”
As part of the Army’s transition to a new
modernization strategy, this new PEO will
enhance the Army’s ability to develop and de-
liver improved warfighter capabilities needed
in current and future contingency operations,
such as identifying threats from standoff po-
sitions, gathering and disseminating real-time
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
information down to the soldier level, remov-
ing soldiers from potential danger by using
unmanned systems and providing the BCT
with a 40-kilometer precision-strike and all-
weather capability.
www.defense-house.com
November 2009 25

Mobile Fighting val Observatory, and throughout the Middle

Positions
Defenshield has deployed its 1,000th
mobile defensive fighting position (MDFP)
with an award for 20 units from U.S. Marine
Corps Base at Camp Lejeune, NC.
Since the company’s inception in 2002,
Mobile Defensive Fighting Positions have
been its most requested armor solution prod-
uct, deployed at military bases, police sta-
tions, embassies, consulates, and nuclear
facilities around the world. The units are com-
monly used at entry control points to provide
a higher level of protection for security and
overwatch personnel. They are also widely
used in combat areas as a ballistic enhance-
ment to temporary sand-filled or construction
material outposts. Their portability and ex-
ceptional field of vision creates the ideal ar-
mor solution for deterrence applications and
defeating attempts at reconnaissance. Units
are deployed with all four branches of the
U.S. military, at the Pentagon, the U.S. Na-
Eastern Region in Iraq, Afghanistan, Kuwait
and Turkey. They are also being used in
drug interdiction programs in Mexico, and at
high profile U.S. consulates in Thessaloniki,
Greece and Kabul, Afghanistan.
“We have received many letters from
fielded troops thanking us for saving their
lives and developing products that help them
to feel protected during a security detail,”
said Collins White, President of Defenshield.
“Our goal is to keep providing that level of
protection and bringing our soldiers home
safely every day. We’re excited to reach the
1,000 mark and look forward to continued
growth.”
The MDFPs for Camp Lejeune will be
fitted with ATV-style tires for added mobil-
ity on rough surfaces, as well as red-brick
camography which will allow the units to
blend in with the existing architecture and
design of the base. Delivery is expected in
December. A variety of accessories and op-
tions are available for the MDFP, allowing it
to be customized for different applications
and environmental situations.
Thermal Camera
Partnership
It was recently announced that FLIR
Systems and Sofradir will be collaborating on
state-of-the-art, third-generation dual-band
detectors and camera cores to create thermal
cameras with enhanced capabilities for mili-
tary and commercial applications.
Sofradir brings its industry-leading de-
tector technology and mass production ca-
pacities, while FLIR will design cameras and
insert them into both U.S. and international
developed systems.
“FLIR Systems and Sofradir share a
common goal to supply the global sensor
market with leading-edge technology,” said
Bill Sundermeier, president, FLIR Systems
Government Systems division. “This rela-
tionship reinforces the confidence that our
customers have in our increased technologi-
cal capabilities.’
“We are pleased to be working side-by-
side with FLIR, whose reputation for prod-
uct quality is recognized worldwide,” said
Philippe Bensussan, chairman and CEO of

New Heavy Synthetic Grease

Sofradir. “Together we’ll be offering the best
dual-band product on the market.”
This collaboration comes at a point when
Amsoil Inc., Superior, WI, has developed a new line of heavy-duty synthetic dual-band detectors are just beginning to be-
polymeric greases designed to excel in extreme environments, featuring a cal- come available after a long period of materi-
cium-sulfonate complex thickener for enhanced extreme-pressure performance. als development in several countries.
AMSOIL Synthetic Polymeric Off-Road Grease has been custom-built to provide Sofradir’s IR detectors are integrated into
performance benefits specific to off-road equipment. AMSOIL Synthetic Poly- thousands of military-grade systems deployed
meric Off-Road Grease utilizes a uniquely engineered technology for tenacious to detect, observe and identify objects at great
cling ability and maximum pound-out resistance over extended service intervals, distances, day and night, through fog, smoke
even in wet environments. and dust. Sofradir has introduced numerous
Features of the new grease include: firsts to the IR camera and optronics systems
sector, and several of its IR detectors have set
Extreme impact resistance new industry standards in performance.
Moly-fortified to meet CAT specifications The dual-band thermal camera will oper-
Excellent water washout resistance ate in the midwave and longwave bandwidths,
Extended service life allowing users to switch spectral bands de-
Reduced environmental impact pending on the particular object to be iden-
tified or surveyed. The longwave bandwidth
The new AMSOIL Synthetic Polymeric Off-Road Grease is ideal for heavy-duty, can optimize detection at cooler tempera-
heavy-load-bearing applications operating in adverse conditions, including pow- tures, and be beneficial on a battlefield, in the
er shovels, drag lines, wheel and track loaders, excavators, bulldozers, skid steers presence of dust, smoke or fog. The midwave
and other heavy-duty equipment. It excels at protecting heavily-loaded points bandwidth will enhance performance in high
such as pivot pins, king pins, bucket pins and bushings. temperature and high humidity. The cameras
will also provide for efficient image fusion
between the two bands, as the images will be
naturally registered.
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
26 November 2009

Calendar of Events
Combatant Commanders Conference IDGA Monterey, CA
November 3-4, 2009 Abu Dhabi, UAE www.ndia.org
Defense Technical Information Center www.idga.org
confinfo@dtic.mil Munitions Executive Summit
National Symposium on Acoustics February 8-10, 2010
Armoured Vehicles Australia November 26-28, 2009 NDIA
November 5-6, 2009 Research Centre Imarat Coronado, CA
IDGA Hyderabad, India www.ndia.org
Canberra, Australia Nsa2009rci@gmail.com
www.idga.org Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict
Infantry Weapons Conference
Defence Logistics November 30-December 1, 2009 February 9-11, 2010
November 9-10, 2009 IDGA NDIA
SMi Defence Brussels, Belgium Washington, DC
London, UK www.idga.org www.ndia.org
www.smi-online.co.uk
Defense Logistics DEFEXPO
Defence Equipment Maintenance December 1-4, 2009 February 15-18, 2010
November 11-12, 2009 WBR New Delhi, India
The Shephard Group Arlington, VA www.defexpo.com
Berkshire, UK www.wbresearch.com
ww.shephard.co.uk AUSA Winter
Vehicle Maintenance Summit February 24-26, 2010
Military Engineering December 7-9, 2009 AUSA
November 16-17, 2009 IDGA Fort Lauderdale, FL
The Shephard Group Washington, DC www.ausa.org
Kent, UK www.idga.org
www.shephard.co.uk NAVEXFOR
Soldier Survivability and Personal March 1-3, 2010
Soldier Equipment Expo Protection Lodestar Group
November 16-18, 2009 December 9-10, 2009 Virginia Beach, VA
IDGA IDGA www.defensetradeshows.com
Fayetteville, NC London, UK
www.idga.org ww.idga.org PROTEX Kuwait
March 8-10, 2010
Expeditionary Warfare Conference Soldier Technology Kuwait City, Kuwait
November 16-19, 2009 January 19-22, 2009 www.protexkuwait.com
NDIA WBR
Panama City, FL Crystal City, VA Ground Robotics Capabilities Conference
www.ndia.org www.wbresearch.com March 16-18, 2010
NDIA
Light Armored Vehicles & Stryker Defence Logistics Middle East Miami, FL
Summit January 24-27, 2010 www.ndia.org
November 16-19, 2009 IDGA
IDGA Abu Dhabi, UAE Future Artillery
Vienna, VA www.idga.org March 25-26, 2010
www.idga.org IDGA
International Armoured Vehicles London, UK
International Defence Logistics February 1-5, 2010 www.idga.org
November 18-19, 2009 IDGA
IDGA London, UK MARCORSYSCOM APBI
Canberra, Australia www.idga.org April 5-7, 2010
www.idga.org NDIA
Tactical Wheeled Vehicles Conference Baltimore, MD
Armoured Vehicles Middle East February 7-9, 2010 www.ndia.org
November 22-24, 2009 NDIA
Emerging Defense Technologies www.defense-house.com
 November 2009 27

Technology Briefs
Ammunition and Munitions

Artillery
 
      

Communications, Sensors & Surveillance

 

 
      

Ground Vehicles
 

 

Infantry Weapons

Soldier Survivability and Gear

www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies


28 November 2009
Ammunition & Munitions
Quick Firing Round, “Ostashkov” for
Smooth Bore Tank Gun
Gosudarstvennoe obrazovatel’noe uchrezh-
denie vysshego professional’nogo obrazo-
vanija Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj tekh-
nicheskij universitet imeni N.Eh. Baumana
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This invention is related to ammunition
with electronic trajectory detonating fuses.
Round comprises cartridge with powder
propellant charge, extended electric igniter
with channel installed in bottom part of
cartridge, charge with bottom igniter con-
nected to cartridge, with rigid stabilizer
with beam, in which axial channel is
arranged, and device for commands input.
Electric igniter is arranged with external
electric contact brought out to cartridge
end, which is connected to bottom deto-
nating fuse by means of electric circuit,
which includes cable installed in chan-
nel of extended electric igniter, plug socket
between extended electric igniter and charge
stabilizer, and cable installed in axial
channel of stabilizer beam, besides, bottom
detonating fuse is equipped with commuta-
tor arranged with the possibility to charge
capacitor that supplies to bottom detonat-
ing fuse after command is sent for firing
round, installation of bottom detonating
fuse operation mode and supply of impulse
to electric igniter.
The reported effect is a higher rate of
firing.
3 drawings
Tank Round of Separate Charging
“Valday” with Laser Input of Detonating
Fuse Installation
Gosudarstvennoe obrazovatel’noe uchrezh-
denie vysshego professional’nogo obrazo-
vanija Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj tekh-
nicheskij universitet imeni N.Eh. Baumana
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This invention is related to ammuni-
tion. Round comprises charge with bottom
trajectory detonating fuse equipped with
Emerging Defense Technologies
receiver of laser radiation, and partially
burning cartridge with powder charge and
its igniter. At axis of cartridge bottom a
transparent optical window is installed, and
along axis of powder charge there is a
tube installed, being made of burning mate-
rial and connected by back end to transpar-
ent optical window of cartridge bottom, and
by front end - to receiver of laser radiation
of bottom trajectory detonating fuse.
The reported effect is a higher rate of
firing and probability of target hitting.
3 drawings
Fragmenting Beam Projectile “Posvizd”
Federal’noe gosudarstvennoe unitar-
noe predprijatie Tsentral’nyj nauchno-
issledovatel’skij institut khimii i mekhaniki
- TsNIIKhM
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This invention is related to ammuni-
tion with axial directed field of destruction.
Missile comprises body with set of mis-
sile units serially installed along axis of
projectile, every of which comprises charge
of explosive substance and set of ready
destructive elements laid on its end surface
inverted to head of projectile. Missile
units are fixed in body of projectile, besides
distance between them does not exceed 0.8
of missile unit diameter.
The reported effect is increased destruc-
tive action of projectile.
4 drawings
Cartridge Having a Sabot Projectile
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition
Country of origin: Germany
Language: German
The invention relates to a method
for the production of a cartridge, and to a
cartridge produced according to said method
having a projectile and a combustible propel-
lant charge case and having a case cover
connecting the propellant charge case to the
projectile. The projectile comprises a sealing
ring adjoining the case cover. In order to
provide a cost-effective assembly of such a
cartridge, the invention proposes for the case
cover to be produced as an injection-molded
part from an elastic plastic, wherein the front
region of the case cover facing the projectile
forms the sealing ring.
3 drawings
Unknown 1
Country of origin: China
Language: Chinese
2 drawings
Unknown 2
Country of origin: China
Language: Chinese
3 drawings
www.defense-house.com
November 2009
Illumination or Signal Round for Grenade
Launcher
Federal’noe gosudarstvennoe unitarnoe
predprijatie Federal’nyj nauchno-proizvod-
stvennyj tsentr Nauchno-issledovatel’skij
institut prikladnoj khimii
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
T\his invention is related to fixed
signal facilities, and may be used in il-
lumination or signal rounds for grenade
launchers. Moderator is separated from
propellant charge by diaphragm with open-
ing with diameter equal to 0.12…0.51 of
moderator internal diameter, and para-
chute is installed in semispherical fairing
and is separated from cable by means of
gasket, at that grenade extension is equal to
2.4…3.2 of caliber.
The reported effect is provision of
required parameters of distance, height and
concentration.
2 drawings
Insert with Cells for Package of
Cartridges and Package of Cartridges
Zolotov Igor’ Alekseevich
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
The invention is related to pack-
age with inserts of cell type, which is
intended for storage and transportation
of ammunition for small arms. Insert with
cells for package of cartridges comprises
two parts installed symmetrically relative
to each other with front and back sides,
at that cells of each part are arranged in
the form of open seat rows salient outside
relative to back side, which repeat with their
profile at least part of cartridge profile,
between seat rows there is a longitudi-
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
nal stress concentrator, and parts of insert
are arranged with the possibility to fold
relative to stress concentrator till contact
of their back sides. Package of cartridges
comprises box with internal cavity limited
by longitudinal and side walls, cover and
bottom, in which insert with cells is
installed, front sides of which are arranged
with the possibility of contact with
longitudinal walls of box, and back sides
- with the possibility of contact between
each other.
The reported effect is the provision of
reliable fixation of cartridges in storage and
transportation, complete recycling of inserts
without harm to environment, expansion of
package operational resources, and also
solving problem of secondary use of paper
and pulp wastes.
6 drawings
Device for Separating Links of an
Ammunition Belt
Nexter Systems
Country of origin: France
Language: French
L’invention a pour objet un dispositif
assurant la séparation des maillons d’une
bande d’emport de munitions. Ce dispositif
est caractérisé en ce qu ‘il comporte des
29
moyens assurant le basculement du premier
maillon ainsi que des moyens assurant le
guidage et le maintien du maillon suivant
pendant le basculement du premier maillon.
7 drawings
Method for Detection of Incendiary
Property of High Explosive
Fragmentation Projectile
Muzhichek Sergej Mikhajlovich, Vinokurov
Vladimir Ivanovich and Efanov Vasilij
Vasil’evich,
Shajmordanov Sergej Gennad’evich
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This invention is related to the field of
ammunition testing and may be used to
detect incendiary action of projectiles.
Invention consists in firing of test pro-
jectiles at imitator of fuel tank via screen
arranged in the form of dural sheet, screen
strike-through, creation of small heated
particles - heated dispersed metal, creation
of shot hole in imitator of fuel tank. At
the same time direct contact is provided
between heated particles - heated dispersed
metal, products of explosion, fragments,
vapors and fuel flowing out of fuel tank
imitator shot hole. Due to that fuel igni-
tion and burning takes place. Light energy
coefficient KL E is identified as ratio of
explosion products glowing time to time
of explosion products volume growth in test
high explosive fragmentation projectile.
Explosion products emission intensity co-
efficient KI is defined as ratio of intensity
of test and reference projectiles emission,
and igniting property coefficient KI G is
defined for test high explosive fragmenta-
tion projectile as product of light energy
and explosion products emission intensity
coefficients KL E KI.
30 November 2009
The reported effect is higher informa-
tion value.
2 drawings
Systems and Methods for a Selectively
Engageable Shaft Lock and Drive Device
Priority
General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical
Systems, Inc.
Country or origin: USA
Language: English
The present invention provides an ap-
paratus and methods directed to a selectively
engageable shaft locking device. In one
embodiment, a shaft lock device is presented
which enables the testing of the shaft and
shaft drive device without engaging the drive
mechanism into a fully operational state.
Another embodiment provides the ability to
return the shaft lock device to a storage state
after full engagement. The present inven-
tion also provides for methods of testing a
selective shaft lock device according to the
disclosures contained herein.
5 drawings
Target Acquisition and Tracking System
Trex Enterprises Corp.
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
A projectile tracking system for
acquiring and precisely tracking a projec-
tile in flight in order to reveal the source
from which the projectile was fired. The
source is revealed by the back projection
of a 3-dimensional track file. In preferred
embodiments the system is installed on a ve-
hicle, such as an un-manned blimp or other
aircraft, road vehicle or ship, for locating
Emerging Defense Technologies
and destroying small arms fire directed at the
vehicle. A kill system may also be included
on the vehicle to destroy the source of the
projectile.
17 drawings
Solid Propellant Management Control
System
Honeywell International
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
Systems and methods of controlling
solid propellant burn rate, propellant gas
pressure, propellant gas pressure pulse
shape, and propellant gas flow rate, rely on
the position of a throttling valve. A throttling
valve that is movable to a control position
is disposed downstream of, and in fluid
communication with, a solid propellant gas
generator, and in parallel with a plurality of
reaction control valves. The solid propel-
lant in the solid propellant gas generator is
ignited, to thereby generate propellant gas.
The throttling valve is moved to a control
position to attain a desired solid propellant
burn rate, propellant gas pressure, and/or
propellant gas pressure pulse shape.
4 drawings
Explosion-Proof and Bullet-Proof
Protective Device
Gosudarstvennoe obrazovatel’noe uchrezh-
denie vysshego professional’nogo obrazo-
vanija Voennaja akademija Raketnykh vojsk
strategicheskogo naznachenija imeni Petra
Velikogo
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This design describes protective device
includes external (explosion-proof) and
internal (bullet-proof) circuits. External
circuit is made of metal grids in the form
of curtains with gathers, and internal circuit
includes steel screen and metal grid cur-
tains with cell size not exceeding one bullet
gauge. Both circuits are preengineered and
mounted as separate modules including 1-3
grid curtain units in metal frames, or steel
screens. Modules are fastened to each other,
with external circuit curtains mounted
in metal racks tilted at 45-60° towards the
curtains at both sides in fishbone pattern,
and internal circuit curtains fixated at inner
side of rack. Curtains are made of elastic
grid with spatial lattice.
The reported effect is reduced metal
consumption, reliable triggering of hollow-
charge grenade in external circuit, intensive
dispersion of explosive jet in air, simpli-
fied installation and disassembly, enhanced
total efficiency of protective device.
1 drawing
Projectile Having A Window For
Transmitting Power and/or Data Into
The Projectile Interior
Omnitek Partners LLC
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
A method is provided for optically
providing at least one of power and data to
a projectile from an external optical source.
The method including: outputting an optical
signal from an external optical source into an
interior of the projectile; receiving the opti-
cal signal in the interior of projectile and at
least one of converting the optical signal to
electrical energy and storing data provided in
the optical signal. The electrical energy can
be provided to the one or more electronic
components and/or energy storage medium
disposed on the interior of the projectile. The
data provided in the optical signal can be
provided to a data storage medium disposed
on the interior of the projectile.
5 drawings
Guided Missile
Gosudarstvennoe unitarnoe predprijatie
Konstruktorskoe bjuro priborostroenija
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
The guided missile design described
www.defense-house.com
November 2009
here comprises fair, tandem combat part
comprising leading shaped charge (LSC)
and main combat part, and extending head
part. Fair has bottom with LSC seat. LSC
casing is arranged in nose fair to form a
closed chamber between nose fair and LSC
casing front end face that communicates, via
a channel, with pulsed pressure source. Ex-
tending front part represents a set of hollow
telescopic links and compression spring.
Extreme inner link has a nose shell with
orifice and electric contact element. Extreme
outer link has a dead bottom and is arranged
to axially move in guide sleeve fastened on
nose fair. The latter accommodates locking
element representing a plug with normalized
break-off force. Guide sleeve and telescopic
mechanism outer link have outer link lock-
ing element.
The reported effect is higher efficiency.
3 drawings
Guided Missile (2)
Gosudarstvennoe unitarnoe predprijatie
Konstruktorskoe bjuro priborostroenija
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This guided missile design comprises
fair, tandem combat part comprising lead-
ing shaped charge (LSC), main combat
part and head contact device arranged on
missile nose fair extending with the help
of pyro mechanism with gas generator.
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
Aforesaid pyro mechanism represents a
cylindrical base arranged on LSC casing
and furnished with dead circular clearance
relative to LSC casing and fitted in circular
clearance of hollow piston representing a
thin-wall cylinder jointed to nose fair.
Sealing elements are fitted along the cylin-
drical base faces. Spring ring is arranged
on front-end face of the said cylindrical
base to lock piston in pulled-out position.
Aforesaid cylindrical base, piston with nose
fair, casing and LSC funnel form a closed
chamber communicated with gas generator
fastened at the cylindrical base rear end face.
The reported effect is higher combat
efficiency.
2 drawings
Guided Missile Steering Gear
Gosudarstvennoe unitarnoe predprijatie
Konstruktorskoe bjuro priborostroenija
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This guided missile steering gear com-
prises two one-way actuating motors jointed,
via rocker, with rudders axles. Actuating
motors represent plunger electromagnets
with armatures furnished with rods pro-
vided with end caps. The latter represent a
lug with opening for pivot bolt displaced
relative to rod axial line in perpendicular di-
rection. Caps and rocker are pivoted together
so that rocker arm length to the pivot makes
less than half the OD of plunger electro-
magnet casing.
The reported effect is higher stability,
simplified design.
2 drawings
31
Large-gauge Rear-loaded Ammunition
Nexter Munitions
Country of origin: France
Language: French
L’invention concerne une munition de gros
calibre constituée d’un projectile fixé à une
jupe combustible fermée par un culot, un
dôme de liaison étant prévu entre la jupe et
le culot.Le dôme de liaison comporte une
première paroi latérale coopérant avec la
jupe et une seconde paroi latérale pro-
longeant la première et coopérant avec le
culot et ce dôme comprend des moyens as-
surant sa liaison avec la jupe lorsqu’ils sont
rabattus par le culot sur la paroi latérale de la
jupe combustible.Application aux munitions
chargeables par l’arrière.
8 drawings
Plasma Generator for an Electrothermal-
Chemical Weapons System Comprising
Ceramic, Method of Fixing the Ceramic
in the Plasma Generator and Ammuni-
tion Round Comprising Such a Plasma
Generator
BAE Systems Bofors
Country of origin: Sweden
Language: Englisg
The invention relates to a plasma
generator for electrothermal and electrother-
mal-chemical weapons systems, the plasma
generator being intended, via at least one
emitted energy pulse, to form a plasma,
which is designed to accelerate a projectile
along the barrel of the weapons system in
question, the plasma generator compris-
ing a combustion chamber having an axial
combustion chamber channel and a ceramic
arranged inside the combustion chamber
channel for insulating the combustion cham-
ber. According to the invention the ceramic
32 November 2009
consists of a shrink- fixed, compressively a sensor on or in the sabot projectile, said
pre-stressed ceramic tube. The invention sensor generating a signal upon ablation of
also relates to a method for shrink-fixing at least one sabot segment from the projec-
the ceramic tube in the combustion chamber tile body, wherein the sensor is connected to
channel as well as an ammunition round the projectile igniter by an electrical connec-
comprising a plasma generator according to tion, so that the sensor signal can be used for
the invention. activating the projectile igniter.
10 drawings 1 drawing

Sabot Projectile
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition
Country of origin: Germany
Language: German
The invention relates to a sabot projec-
tile having a subcaliber projectile body and
a sabot, wherein the projectile body com-
prises a projectile sleeve having an explo-
sive charge and a time-adjustable projectile
igniter. In order to provide an arming device
that is simply and robustly constructed and
can be manufactured at low cost, and that
can be used for stabilized subcaliber sabot
projectiles, the invention proposes disposing

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November 2009 33

Artillery Emerging Defense Technologies

Artillery Piece of Caseless Charging

Otkrytoe aktsionernoe obshchestvo
spetsial’nogo mashinostroenija i metallurgii
Motovilikhinskie zavody
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
The artillery piece of caseless
charging described in this document is
intended for application with lock having
rotary frame, on which obturator is installed
with cartridge chamber. Artillery piece com-
prises mechanism for feeding of ignition
tubes into cartridge chamber, arranged in the
form of carriage installed on barrier with
the possibility of longitudinal displacement
with feed hopper of ignition tubes and ram-
mer, having possibility of kinematic connec-
tion with frame of lock during return. In case
of kinematic connection of grip, rammer,
carriage and feed hopper, their mutual dis-
placement takes place until output window
of feed hopper is installed opposite to seat
of cartridge chambe so that rammed ignition
tube becomes coaxial to cartridge chamber,
and rammer rotates and rams ignition tube
in seat of cartridge chamber.
The reported effect provides for
automatic supply and ramming of ignition
tubes with application of lock that provides
for reliable obturation of gases.
3 drawiings

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34 November 2009
Communications, Sensors & Surveillance
Sight Instrument of Homing with Laser
Rangefinder
Otkrytoe aktsionernoe obshchestvo Peleng
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This sight-instrument includes the
following optically connected components -
lens, spectrum divider, surveillance system,
including fixed grid, on one of working
surfaces of which, installed in focal plane of
lens, a sight mark is formed, erecting sys-
tem with variable magnification, including
at least two replaceable lens unit installed
with the possibility of variable location on
lens axis, and ocular, which create a sight-
ing channel, transmitting channel of range
finder, including optically connected pulse
laser and the first forming system, homing
channel, including serially installed and
optically connected laser of permanent
radiation, the second forming system, com-
prising raster modulator with pancreatic
system, spectrum divider and lens, receiving
channel of range finder, including optically
connected lens, spectrum divider, flat mirror,
introduced into optical track of homing
channel, and the first photodetector device.
Lens is common for sighting channel,
homing channel and receiving channel of
range finder. Flat mirror is installed on
axis of homing channel at the outlet of the
second forming system with the possibil-
ity of its introduction into optical track
of homing channel or withdrawal from it by
means of rotation around axis parallel to
normal line to its surface.
The reported effect of this invention
makes it possible to produce devices for
surveillance of objects and sighting, and also
for measurement of distances to targets with
the help of inbuilt laser range finder and
for homing of controlled rockets to target
by laser beam.
3 drawings
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Low Authority GPS Aiding if Navigation
System for Anti-Spoofing
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
A method and apparatus for generating
navigation solutions. A global positioning
system based navigation solution unit; an
inertial navigation solution unit; a correction
unit, a limiter, and an adding unit. The global
positioning system based navigation solution
unit is capable of generating a first naviga-
tion solution. The inertial navigation solu-
tion unit is capable of generating a second
navigation solution. The correction unit is
capable of generating a raw correction. The
limiter is capable of selectively modifying
the raw correction to fall within a selected
range of corrections to form a correction.
The adding unit is capable of adding the cor-
rection to the second navigation solution to
form a navigation solution.
12 drawings
Directed Energy Beam Virtual Fence
Raytheon Corp.
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
There is disclosed apparatus and meth-
ods for a directed energy beam virtual fence.
The directed energy beam virtual fence may
include a source unit to provide an energy
beam and a sequence of relay units disposed
at intervals along the length of the virtual
fence. Each relay unit in the sequence may
receive the energy beam from a previous unit
and may recollimate and redirect the energy
beam towards a subsequent unit.
7 drawings
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November 2009
Ground Vehicles
Motorcycle Equipped with Arms
RAJaLIN Tom and KhEL’KAMA Mikko
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This concept describes a motorcycle,
equipped with arms, comprises front and
back wheels or front ski and caterpillar
band installed backwards, chassis, front
frame, steering wheel, rotary facilities,
installed between steering wheel and front
wheel or ski. With the help of rotary
facilities, rotary motions of steering wheel
are sent to front wheel or ski. Rotary facili-
ties include suspension elements for arms,
by means of which arms are connected to
rotary facilities with the possibility of its
aiming with the help of steering wheel, and
also connection mechanism with switch-
ing elements, which provide for connection
of arms to steering wheel for its homing in
horizontal direction due to rotary motions
(α1) of steering wheel, or disengagement
from steering wheel with the possibility
to use steering wheel for control of motor-
cycle.
The reported effect of the invention
provides for high firing capacity, rapidity
and maneuverability, surprise of attack, low
probability of detection and destruction,
and also low costs in production and main-
tenance.
7 drawings
System for Ventilating Inside a Protected
Test Vehicle with an Area for Carrying
Contaminated Probes
Rheinmetall Landsysteme GMBH
Country of origin: Germany
Language: German
Vorgeschlagen wird eine Druckkaskade
zwischen einem Innenraum zur Aufnahme
einer Besatzung etc., einer, die kontami-
nierten Proben aufnehmenden Räumlich-
keit sowie einer Umgebung aufzubauen,
wodurch auf eine Abluftförderung als
zusätzliche Einrichtung verzichtet wird.
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Dazu ist vorgesehen, dass ein Zuluftgebläse
im Innenraum einen inneren Überdruck zur
Umgebung schafft und in der Räumlichkeit
gegenüber dem Innenraum ein Unterdruck
vorhanden ist. Zwischen dem Innenraum
und der Räumlichkeit sowie zwischen der
Räumlichkeit sind zudem Überdruckventile
eingebunden, so dass über diese zumindest
im Arbeitsbetrieb die Zu- und Abluft innerh-
alb der Räumlichkeit reguliert wird.
3 drawings
Integrated Headlight Assembly for
Tactical Vehicles
Lockheed Martin Corp.
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
An integrated front lighting unit for a
tactical vehicle, which includes a housing,
multiple lights and a single connector for
connection to a vehicle electrical system.
All the parts are located in or on the housing
which may include a front, a top, a bottom,
two sides, a back and mounting tabs or an-
other mounting arrangement. There is wiring
for each light in the unit having a cable and
all cables are attached to the single con-
nector. The multiple lights in the unit may
include a blackout driving light, a blackout
turn signal, a headlight, a turn signal and a
side marker truck light. The lights may use
LEDs as light sources.
7 drawings
35
Blast Protected Structures for Vehicles
Country of origin: Australia
Language: English
This design features a protective struc-
ture of a vehicle comprising a compartment
that holds at least one occupant and at least
one compartment extending forward from
the occupant compartment and opening into
the occupant compartment to receive the legs
of the occupant. The compartments include
downwardly convergent undersides formed
of blast-resistant material.
16 drawings
Strukturteil für eine Fahrzeug-Panzerung
(Structure of a Vehicle)
Edag GMBH & Co KGAA
Country of origin: Germany
Language: German
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Strukturteil
für eine Fahrzeug-Panzerung, vorzugsweise
der Beschussklasse FB7, das folgende Merk-
male aufweist: a) Das Strukturteil umfasst
ein ballistisches Blech einer Stahllegierung
oder mehrerer Schichten unterschiedlicher
Stahllegierungen oder besteht aus solch
einem Blech, b) das Blech ist in einem Stück
in einem Prozess der Warmumformung
dreidimensional geformt c) und nach der
Warmumformung gehärtet, wobei das Blech
oder im Falle eines mehrschichtigen Blechs
wenigstens eines der Schichten eine Härte
von wenigstens 56 hrc aufweist.
1 drawing
36 November 2009
Vehicle Safety Seat
Gemini SRL
Country of origin: Italy
Language: English
Vehicle safety seat comprising a seating
part and a backrest part, wherein the seat is
adapted to be mounted on a vehicle, between
a floor region and a roof region thereof, by
means of a plurality of belts arranged above
and below the seat. The seat comprises a
rigid frame which supports the seating part
and the backrest part. The plurality of belts
comprises a pair of lower belts which are
anchored to the lower end of the backrest
part, on the opposite sides thereof, and
are arranged to anchor the seat to the floor
region of the vehicle, and a pair of upper
belts which are anchored to the upper end
of the backrest part, on the opposite sides
thereof, and are arranged to anchor the seat
to the roof region of the vehicle. The lower
belts or the upper belts are provided with
suspension means, respectively, for allowing
a controlled elastic elongation of those belts
as a result of a tensile force applied thereto.
4 drawings
Vehicle with Buoyancy Bodies
Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH
Country of origin: Germany
Language: German
According to the invention, inflatable
buoyancy bodies are kept in storage hous-
ings on the outside of a vehicle. During nor-
mal use, buoyancy bodies are folded up and
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stored under covers. Only when the vehicle
is on water do the covers open and buoyancy
bodies fill with air. An on-board compressed
air system supplies air for filling buoyancy
bodies so that air, which is not required by a
braking installation or the like of the vehicle,
is used to fill the buoyancy bodies. The ad-
ditional use of outside air enables more air to
be supplied to the buoyancy bodies at a low
pressure than the sole use of the on-board
compressed air system. In order to empty the
buoyancy bodies, a vacuum is generated in
connection lines. When stop cocks are open,
air is sucked out of the buoyancy bodies,
which then fold up and the covers are closed
and locked.
5 drawings
Chassis Frame of a Motor Vehicle
International Truck
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
A chassis frame uses channels as right
and left side rails. A lower “clam” has a
horizontal bottom wall that bridges the side
rails and is disposed against bottom flanges
of the side rail channels and vertical side
flanges that extend from opposite sides of
the bottom wall upward and against a face
of a respective one of vertical walls of the
channels that is exterior to the interior of
the respective channel. An upper “clam” is
a mirror image of the lower “clam” and fits
over the side rails. Spacer structure is dis-
posed between and in abutment with the side
rail channels and between and in abutment
with the “clams” in inwardly spaced relation
to the side rail channels. Fasteners fasten
various parts together to complete the cross
member that is formed by the “clams” and
the spacer structure.
7 drawings
Composite Armor Plate and Ceramic
Bodies
Country of origin: Israel
Language: English
The invention provides a composite
armor plate for absorbing and dissipating
kinetic energy from high-velocity projectiles,
the plate comprising a single internal layer
of pellets which are bound and retained in
plate form by an elastic material, substan-
tially internally within the elastic material,
such that the pellets are bound in a plurality
of spaced-apart rows and columns, the pel-
lets being made of ceramic material, and the
pellets being substantially fully embedded in
the elastic material so that the pellets form
an internal layer, wherein the solidified ma-
terial and the plate are elastic, and wherein
a majority of each of the pellets is in direct
contact with six adjacent pellets in the same
layer to provide mutual lateral confinement
therebetween, each of the pellets being char-
acterized by a body having a substantially
regular geometric cross-sectional area and
first and second end faces, each of the end
faces projecting from the body and having
an outwardly decreasing cross-sectional area
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November 2009
wherein the height of the end face disposed
substantially opposite to an outer impact
receiving major surface of the plate is less
than 15% of the length of the diameter of the
pellet body from which it projects
6 drawings
Laminate Armor System for Police
Vehicle
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
A method to protect a police officer
receiving small arms fire utilizes a pliable
armor sheet of interconnected, hinged,
articulating panels. During construction of
a police vehicle outwardly curving convex
panel windows are utilized and made from
tempered glass or from laminated glass in-
cluding an outer convex surface, a first glass
panel, a second glass panel, and a polymer
sheet intermediate said first and second glass
panels. The armor sheet is mounted in a
dispensing unit housing in a wound configu-
ration in said driver’s side door for deploy-
ment therefrom at an angle canted inwardly
toward said interior of said frame, to contact
directly with said outer convex surface of a
convex window in the driver’s side door to
form a canted convex small arms fire-resis-
tant laminate comprising the armor sheet and
the window in the driver’s side door.
30 drawings
Loading and Unloading Stabilization in
an Active Suspension System
Bose Corporation
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
An active suspension system includes a
relative slow-responding force bias elimi-
nator (such as a pneumatic actuator) and a
relatively fast-responding actuator (such as
an electromagnetic actuator) that together
support a plant (such as a truck seat or
vehicle cabin). The system also includes a
load-unload detector (which may be a physi-
cal or virtual detector) to detect a loading or
unloading of the plant. When such a loading
or unloading is detected, the system causes
the force bias eliminator to respond quickly
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(e.g., as quick as possible) while controlling
the fast-responding actuator so as to preserve
the available energy for operating the actua-
tor (e.g., so as to keep the fast-responding
actuator from consuming all of its available
energy) prior to when the force bias elimina-
tor can respond.
6 drawings
Armored Motor Car
OOO Volgogradskaja mashinostroitel’naja
kompanija VgTZ
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This design relates to multi-functional
armored motor cars of enhanced carrying
capacity to solve transportation problems
presuming requirements of air transportation
and air deployment delivery and assaults
from Navy landing ship and rapid negotiat-
ing large water obstacles. Armored motor car
is represented as light-weight (13.2 tons)
armored floating and high-speed machine
enclosed into aluminum deck-house-type
body. It is provided with pneumatic suspen-
sion and clearance controlled by pneumat-
ics. There are multi-purpose arm-chairs
for work and assault from aircraft. Control
compartment is in the front part of machine
body. Troop transporting section is in the
middle of the machine. Power unit with
opposite diesel engine and hydro mechanical
transmission provided with hydro- volume
steering unit and two hydro-jet propul-
sions having impeller of 340mm diameter
are in the rear motor and transmission
compartment.
The reported effect of the armored
motor car is provided with high carrying,
negotiability and mobility characteris-
tics; high volumetric and comfort factors
37
inside machine body significantly enhance
mobility and power of air and navy assault
forces when fulfilling combat missions.
22 drawings
Reconnaissance Chemical Machine
OOO Volgogradskaja mashinostroitel’naja
kompanija VgTZ
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
The concept of the described reconnais-
sance chemical car is intended for radiation,
chemical and biological reconnaissance by
air and navy assault troops in case of NBC
delivery attack, especially in regions with
prevailing low temperatures. Reconnaissance
chemical car is represented with light-weight
armored floating car that can be air trans-
ported and assaulted together with combat
unit. It is a full-track car with weight to
13.2 tons. The car is enclosed into alumi-
num body and provided with deck-house
welded to the body. Clearance is controlled
by pneumatic suspension. There is a stand-
alone machine gun in rotating turret of the
car. A set of standard special equipment for
reconnaissance is available in the car as well
as multipurpose armchairs to work and as-
sault from air craft. The car is provided with
power unit with opposite diesel motor and
hydro mechanical transmission with hydro
volume steering unit.
The reported effect of the combat car
provides high mobility characteristics, high
volumetric parameters inside body and
deck-house, minimum weight, that increase
mobility and power of air and navy
assault troops when performing various
combat missions in case of NBC delivery
attack.
18 drawings
Apparatus and Method of Litter Support
System for Vehicles
Ferno Washington Inc.
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
A litter support system for a vehicle
38 November 2009
including a support framework connectable
to a wall of the vehicle, an upper litter sup-
port arm for holding a litter, the upper litter
support arm connected to the support frame-
work, a lower litter support arm for holding
a litter, the lower litter support arm con-
nected to the support framework, wherein
the upper and lower litter support arms are
connected to the support framework such
that the upper and lower litter support arms
are rotatable between a store position and a
first support position and movable substan-
tially horizontally between the first support
position substantially adjacent to and near
the support framework and a second support
position substantially extended outwardly
from the support framework.
21 drawings
Vehicle for Transport of Persons and/or
Cargo in Regions Where Detonations are
to be Expected
Drehtainer ZGMBH Spezial Conati
Country of origin: Germany
Language: German
The invention relates to a vehicle for
transport of persons and/or cargo in regions
where detonations are to be expected. The
vehicle has a chassis or platform loadbed
with drive unit and also with steerable
and driven wheels, a shielded vehicle part
secured to the platform loadbed for the ac-
commodation of persons and/or cargo and a
driver’s cab. The driver’s cab is designed as
a module which can be separately secured to
the platform loadbed and which is shielded
against detonations and/or is of a hard-
ened design, and is equipped in the interior
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thereof with steering and control mecha-
nisms whose steering and control commands
are transmitted to the platform loadbed for
execution. signal transfer to mine cassette, there are
3 drawings
Transporter-Launcher Container of
Minelayer
Rossijskaja Federatsija, ot imeni kotoroj
vystupaet gosudarstvennyj zakazchik-Minis-
terstvo oborony Rossijskoj Federatsii, Otkry-
toe aktsionernoe obshchestvo Konstruktor-
skoe bjuro transportnogo Mashinostroenija
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This design concept is related to facili-
ties of minelayers installation, namely to
transporter-launcher containers of mobile
systems of remote undermining. For
installation of mine cassettes in body there
is a replaceable unit of frame structure.
On base from the side of bottom there are
elements of power distribution network
fixed with creation of single detachable set
together with base. Alternate connection of
mine cassettes to system of undermining
control with the possibility to set time of
self-liquidation and mines shooting in com-
pliance with specified program is realized
through shooting control instrument (SCI),
fixed on body of container. SCI is electrical-
ly connected with contact seats by means of
power distribution network. To provide for
possibility of self-liquidation time setting
circuits of coded signal transfer introduced
into power distribution network, and this
coded signal sets time of mines self-liqui-
dation, and circuits of activation for transfer
of gating pulse that puts electronic circuit
of mine cassette into state of availability for
reception of self-liquidation signal. Contact
seats are grounded onto container body with
the possibility of protection against external
electrostatic and electromagnet noise and
are equipped with ring contact that respond
in shape to rings of mine cassette signals
pickup, to provide for connection of intro-
duced circuits.
The reported effect provides for
realization of mine cassette ammunition
self-liquidation time setting and reduction
of time for mines recharge with ammunition
load.
10 drawings
Optically Transparent Resilient Laminate
Materials
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
In accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the present invention, an op-
tically clear polyurethane/polyurea polymer
may comprises an impact resistant material
comprising: a first polycarbonate layer; a
second layer comprising a first elastomer; a
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November 2009 39
third glass layer; a fourth layer comprising
a second elastomer; and a fifth polymeric
layer. In another exemplary embodiment,
the third glass layer may be articulated and/
or embedded in the second layer. Disclosed
features and specifications may be variously
controlled, adapted or otherwise optionally
modified to improve and/or modify the per-
formance characteristics of the transparent
armor composite. Exemplary embodiments
of the present invention generally provide
lightweight transparent armor for use as, for
example, bulletproof windows in vehicles
and buildings.
4 drawings

Gun House of Armored Vehicle

Gosudarstvennoe unitarnoe predprijatie
Konstruktorskoe bjuro priborostroenija
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
The described gun house (GH)
of armored vehicle comprises armored
aluminum hood accommodating sights of
commander and gunner with stabilization
and head mirror guidance unit. Front part
of aforesaid armored cap supports armored
mask with weapon unit pivoted thereto.
Weapon unit comprises gun-launcher unit
(GLU), automatic gun (AG) and machine
gun. Armored mask is articulated with weap-
on unit vertical guidance drive. Armored
cap rear part accommodates the hatch with
GLU cartridge case extraction mechanism
and radio station antenna. Horizontal guid-
ance unit drive and WU basket are attached
to armored cap base. WU basket represents
a suspension and round floor supporting
GLU loading automatic device, AG maga-
zines and hoses, as well as instruments of
automatic fire control. Armored cap repre-
sents decahedral-truncated pyramid made
up of flat sheets of armored aluminum of
various thickness.
The reported effect is fire accuracy and
rate of battle run fire.
5 drawings

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40 November 2009
Infantry Weapons
Sight Apparatus for Use with Firearms
Country of origin: Germany
Language: English
Sight apparatus for use with firearms are
described herein. An example sight appara-
tus described herein includes a first swivel
element removably coupled to a second
swivel element. The first swivel element
includes a first aperture coaxially aligned
with a second aperture of the second swivel
element to define a passageway. A coupling
element is removably disposed within the
passageway to pivotally couple the first
swivel element relative to the second swivel
element. A retainer is operatively coupled
to the coupling element to engage at least
one of the first or second swivel portions to
prevent movement of the coupling element
along a transverse axis of the passageway.
8 drawings
Optical-Mechanical Accessory for Small
Arms and Small Arms Comprising
Optical-Mechanical Accessory
Fink Jurij Mikhajlovich
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This invention is related to the field
of small arms, in particular to optical-
mechanical accessories (OMA) for it. OMA
comprises video camera connected to moni-
tor, drives for vertical and horizontal hom-
ing of arms, source of target illumination
with laser target designator, optical sight
and extender. Extender is arranged in the
form of tubular element, in which bracket is
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installed for installation of monitor with
the possibility of its rotation. Unit of
trigger device is arranged in the form of
fork-shaped element and comprises tumbler
for connection of optical-mechanical acces-
sory, tumbler for connection of illumina-
tion, socket for connection of accumulator
batteries and trigger traction rod of trigger
mechanism. OMA comprises unit of uni-
versal fixation with “П”-shaped box, inside
of which video-camera and universal fixture
are provided for installation of target illumi-
nation source.
The reported effect provides for guar-
anteed destruction of enemy with complete
isolation of gunner from response fire.
0 drawings
Rail Cover Panel for a Firearm
Magpul Industries Corporation
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
A panel system for covering a length-
wise segment of an elongate firearm
mounting rail. The firearm mounting rail is
a T-rail comprising a T-shaped cross-section
with the top of the T corresponding to the
top of the T-rail. The firearm T-rail further
includes a number of transverse slots in
the top spanning the length of the T-shaped
cross-section. The panel system comprises
at least one pair of identically shaped panel
halves. Each panel half comprises a body
having a top, a bottom, an abutting proximal
edge and a distal edge. At least one axial
tongue extends from the abutting proximal
edge and a corresponding axial groove is
defined in the body, with each axial groove
having a groove mouth associated with the
abutting proximal edge. A cantilevered clip
extends from the abutting proximal edge.
A clip receptacle is defined by the body. A
proximally extending lip extends from the
body bottom near the distal edge. Each panel
half is configured so that with the abutting
proximal edges brought into abutment, each
axial tongue of each panel is received in a
corresponding axial groove of the other and
the proximally extending lip of the cantile-
vered clip engages the clip shoulder of the
other.
13 drawings
Small Arms Feeder Hopper
Otkrytoe aktsionernoe obshchestvo Kontsern
Izhmash
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This design is related to feed hop-
pers of small arms, namely to box-like
feed hoppers with cartridge feeders. Feed
hopper comprises body, “П”-shaped insert
with wing flaps in upper part and spring-
loaded feeder. “П”-shaped insert is fixed
on axis with the possibility of rotation
and is equipped with limiters of its rota-
tion. Angle of “П”-shaped insert rotation
is selected provided that cartridge bullet
enters barrel cartridge chamber and makes 7
degrees.
The reported effect is increased reliabil-
ity of arms as a whole and simplified design
due to elimination of use of large number
of assembled parts.
3 drawings     
Weapon Control Device
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
A weapon control device is provided
and is coupled within a weapon for control-
 
ling accessories and auxiliary components.
The weapon control device includes a
processor and a connector operably engaging
a selector switch of a weapon. The proces-
sor receives a signal from the connector in
response to movement of the selector switch.
The weapon control device further includes
one of a transmitter and a transceiver, where-
in one of the transmitter and transceiver send
a signal in response to the processor receiv-
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November 2009
ing a signal from the connector. The weapon
control device further includes a weapon
accessory, wherein the weapon accessory is
activated in response to the signal sent by
one of the transmitter and transceiver.
13 drawings
Device Mounting System for a Weapon
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
A mounting system includes an elec-
tronic device, a support plate, and a scope
ring. The electronic device has a bottom
surface. The support plate is engaged with
the bottom surface and has a first mounting
rail extending along a first side. The scope
ring has a first clamp for coupling to the
first mounting rail and a second clamp for
surrounding the scope thereby attaching the
electronic device to the scope.
22 drawings
Muffler of Sound Shot
Mezhregional’noe obshchestvennoe uchr-
ezhdenie Institut inzhenernoj fiziki
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This concept is related to detachable
muzzle devices for reduction of shot sound
and is aimed at improvement of sniper rifle
SVD muffler design. Muffler of shot sound
is made of separator and jacket, creating a
row of subsequent flow chambers, more-
over, in separator for muffler connection to
fire arms there are L-shaped bulges installed
behind foresight block. Muffler is equipped
with adapter installed on arms barrel, in
which six threaded openings are arranged.
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In muffler jacket evenly along circumfer-
ence at 30° there are twelve oval holes ar-
ranged, besides jacket is installed on adapter
by means of matching of single oval hole to
one of threaded holes, and muffler jacket is
fixed with screw.
The reported effect of this design is that
it simplifies design of device and increases
its efficiency, which expands functional
resources of muffler.
1 drawing
Stock Mounted Load Bearing Assembly
Magpul Industries Corp.
Country or origin: USA
Language: English
The invention is an improved load bear-
ing arrangement for use with firearms. The
system comprises a cylindrical body with a
sealing cap, mounting structure on the body
including a plurality of mounting tabs and
a “T” rail with matching structure on the
stock. The mounting tabs are only partially
fastened on the body so as to form hooks
which will secure the body from behind the
structure on the stock. The “T” rail interfaces
with a corresponding notch on the rear of
the stock and is secured with the stock’s
butt pad. A water-tight cap is also provided,
which is also capable of removal and re-
41
placement without removing the remaining
structure from the stock.
11 drawings
Noiseless Arms
Sagakov Stanislav Svjatoslavovich, Niko-
laev Jurij Nikolaevich, and Shmurnov
Evgenij Anatol’evich
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This design is related to noiseless
arms of shooting, grenade-launching and
mine-launching types. Arms comprise box,
trigger mechanism and four blocks, which
are connected by single string to projectile.
At the same time front and back blocks
are installed in pairs in two carriages with
the possibility of displacement along box in
opposite directions with the help of power
element, based on powder, pneumatic or
elastic base.
The reported effect is higher efficiency
of arms.
3 drawings
Automatic Bullpup-Design Firearm
Glukhov Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Country of origin: Russia
Language: Russian
This proposed firearm comprises spring
return mechanism for moving firing unit
and guide stock that makes carriage for the
42 November 2009
latter. Aforesaid carriage has two pistol-
type handles arranged ahead of fixed lower
box-like magazine and lengthwise opening
for cartridge case extraction. Firearm has
underbarrel cantilever element rigidly
fixed to breech frame and furnished with
vertical rib to act on muzzle face of cartridge
case. Compression return spring is arranged
inside telescopically jointed cartridge cases
to move guide stock into front position.
The reported effect is expanded performanc-
es and perfected design.
3 drawings

Underwater Grenade
NAVAIR (US Navy)
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
An underwater grenade and a method
for using an underwater grenade. A depth
activated, hand emplaced ordnance utilizing
safe and arm technology to address underwa-
ter threats (such as enemy swimmers) while
providing a safe interface with personnel.
The grenade is armed after a sequence of
events have occurred including reaching a
desired depth and a desired passage of time.
Failure of any of the events to occur will
cause the grenade to be rendered safe.
2 drawings

Emerging Defense Technologies www.defense-house.com

November 2009
Soldier Survivability & Gear
Tactical Lighting System
Lawrence J. Shurupoff
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
Portable projectable infrared lights are
used to mark and illuminate dark areas such
as rooms in a building or cells in a prison.
The lights cannot be seen with the unaided
eye but are brilliantly visible with the aid
of night vision goggles and similar infrared
receivers and light transducers which con-
vert infrared light to visible light. In those
cases where potentially hostile individuals
are equipped with night vision apparatus,
the infrared lights can be used to temporarily
blind, stun and/or disorient them.
16 drawings
Blast Mitigation Coating Systems
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
The present invention relates to meth-
ods of providing a blast mitigation coating
system to a building structure and kits of the
system. The method comprises the steps of:
mixing and applying a water-based flexible
polymer, a micro-fiber material, a mineral
filler material, and other additives to the
building structure to form a layer of coating;
embedding one layer of glass-fiber reinforc-
ing meshes into the coating; applying the
second layer of coating; and embedding a
second layer of meshes. The water-based
flexible polymer comprises acrylic resin,
styrene-acrylic, and vinyl-acetate ethylene.
The micro-fiber material comprises polypro-
pylene. The mineral filler material comprises
ground silica and/or mica. The kit of the
blast mitigation coating system comprises
the water-based flexible polymer, the micro-
www.defense-house.com Emerging Defense Technologies
43
fiber material, the mineral filler material and reflective material to reflect cold regions of
glass-fiber reinforcing meshes. Additional the sky, a marking material exhibiting a cold
components may include a blend of Portland spot in a thermal imager can be provided.
cement and dry additives, or a pigment, 12 drawings
preservatives and rheology modifiers.
Systems and Methods for Operational
Verification of a Missile Approach
Warning System
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
A coupler that generates and emits a
simulated missile signature for assessing
the operational capability of a missile ap-
proach warning system. The coupler may be
directly attached to the system by an adapter.
Couplers may be used in multiplicity, si-
multaneously or sequentially. The simulated
signature may be digitally stored, as may
be the results of the assessment. Simulated Back Illumination Method for Counter
signatures may also be generated from free- Measuring IR Guided Missiles
form. The coupler also performs sensitivity BAE Systems
testing. Country of origin: USA
6 drawings Language: English
Commercial aircraft are protected from
attack by infrared seeking guided missiles
through the utilization of a ground-based
directed infrared countermeasure system
in which the deployment of an IR guided
missile is detected off-aircraft and more
particularly on the ground. An infrared laser
beam is projected towards the detected
missile such that the projected laser infrared
radiation impinges upon the missile from the
rear. The off-axis infrared radiation illumi-
nates the IR transmissive dome at the head
of the missile where it is internally reflected
back towards the IR detector carried by the
missile through the total internal reflection
characteristics of the dome. The domes of
these missiles are typically made of a high
index of refraction IR transmissive materials
Identification Device such that the material is prone to total inter-
Qinetiq Ltd nal reflection. The infrared laser generated
Country of origin: UK radiation is a modulated so as to interfere
Language: English
A sheet of thermally reflective material
has a surface texture comprising a plurality
of reflecting elements, wherein each element
has a first facet which is substantially reflec-
tive at thermal infrared wavelengths and
wherein the respective first facets form an
angle with the plane of the sheet. Preferably,
the first facets are aligned such that, in use,
thermal radiation is reflected from a common
direction. By orienting the sheet of thermally
44 November 2009
with the guidance system of the missile
causing it to execute a turn and plunge to
the ground. In one embodiment, the long
wavelength infrared laser is a 100-W laser
with a beam width of 100 microradians, thus
to provide a zone of protection of about three
miles.
6 drawings
Methods and Apparatus to Provide
Training Against Improvised Explosive
Devices
Raytheon Company
Country of origin: USA
Language: USA
Method and apparatus for a training system
for improvised explosive devices (IEDs). An
IED training system can include an inert ex-
plosive component that can resemble a large
round, rocket propelled grenade (RPG), or
the like. Various triggers can activate visual
and/or audio devices in response to trigger-
ing the system, such as by a motion sensor or
trainer action.
17 drawings
Multiaxial Fabric for Ballistic
Applications
Dupont
Country of origin: USA
Lanuguage: English
The invention concerns multiaxial
fabrics comprising a first layer comprising
a plurality of first yarns being substantially
parallel in a first direction; a second layer
comprising a plurality of second yarns being
substantially parallel in a second direction
and skew of off-set with respect to the first
yarns; a third yarn layer comprising a plural-
ity of third yarns being substantially parallel
in a third direction and skew of off-set with
respect to the first yarns and second yarns;
a fourth yarn layer comprising a plurality of
fourth yarns being substantially parallel in
a fourth direction and skew of off-set with
respect to the first, second and third yarns; at
least one fiber network layer; and a trans-
verse yarn interlaced transversely within the
Emerging Defense Technologies
multiaxial fabric where each layer may be
arranged in any sequential order and option-
ally coated with a high viscosity polymer
that has a glass transition temperature Tg
in the range of about -40 to about 0 degrees
C., and a zero shear melt viscosity of about
2x106 to about 1013 poise at 20 degrees C.
1 drawings
Process for Producing Anti-Fog Coating
Universite Laval
Country of origin: Canada
Language: English
The invention relates to an anti-fog
coating for a surface of a substrate compris-
ing: a first polymer layer resulting from
covalently bonding a polyanhydride polymer
to said surface; and a second polymer layer
resulting from covalently bonding a polymer
selected from the group consisting of poly-
vinyl alcohol, partially hydrolyzed polyester,
polyether and cellulose derivative; said
surface having nucleophilic groups. A sub-
strate having an anti-fog coating, as well as a
process for preparing said anti-fog coating to
the surface of a substrate is also provided.
1 drawing
Molded Torso-conforming Body Armor
Including Method of Producing
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
Molded body armor panels conformed
to fit individual torsos based upon gender or,
in custom applications, individual features
of a particular male or female torso. The in-
dividual body panels are constructed of mul-
tiple layers of twill or other unconventional
long float woven ballistic fibers with each
layer impregnated with a curable adhesive.
Additional reinforcement may be supplied
in appropriate areas, such as breasts, spine,
sternum and edges. The multiple impreg-
nated layers of fabric are placed within a
mold conforming to the particular torso
contour desired. The long floats of the fabric
allows the layers to stretch or compress as
required to the particular shape desired. The
adhesive is cured in the mold under low heat
and low pressure, binding the layers of fabric
together, as well as binding the conformed
yarns of each individual layer in permanent
contour. Interior and exterior coverings for
comfort and appearance may be supplied.
12 drawings
Firearm Camouflage System
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
The present invention provides a
pre-packaged kit and a method for creat-
ing unique multi-toned custom patterns or
camouflage on a surface, and in particular
the surfaces of a firearm. The multi-toned
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November 2009
custom patterns or camouflage are created
by separating or peeling off pre-cut stencil/
templates from sheet or roll stock adhesive
backed masking material and applying the
stencil/templates to a surface. The surface is
subsequently sprayed with coatings, finishers
and sealants. Additional layers of stencil/
templates are then added and sprayed with
various colors or tones of coatings, finishers
and sealants to complete the desired effect
on the firearm surface.
20 drawings
Hard Armor Composite
Country of origin: USA
Language: English
A hard armor composite includes a
rigid facing and a ballistic fabric backing.
The fabric backing is carried by the facing,
and includes an array of bundled high-
performance fibers. The fibers have a tensile
strength greater than 7 grams per denier and
a denier per filament ratio of less than 5.4.
3 drawings
45
zugewandte Scheibenanordnung auf, die
durch einen zweiten gasgefüllten Zwischen-
raum von der zweiten Scheibenanordnung
getrennt ist. Alle Scheibenanordnungen
verlaufen parallel zueinander und sind mit-
tels randseitig umlaufender Abstandhalter
miteinander verbunden. Zumindest die dritte
Scheibenanordnung ist eine Verbundscheibe,
die aus mindestens zwei jeweils mittels
einer Klebeschicht miteinander verbundenen
Scheiben besteht.; Um die Sprengwirkungsh-
emmung eines derartigen Scheibenaufbaus
zu verbessern, wird vorgeschlagen, dass die
Dicke der dritten Scheibenanordnung grösser
als die Dicke der zweiten Scheibenanord-
nung und/oder der ersten Scheibenanord-
nung ist.
8 drawings

Blast Effect-limiting Glazing Structure

Saelzer Sicherheitstechnik
Country of origin: Germany
Language: German
Ein Scheibenaufbau weist eine erste, einer
Angriffsseite zugewandte Scheibenanord-
nung, eine zweite Scheibenanordnung, die
durch einen ersten gasgefüllten Zwischen-
raum von der ersten Scheibenanordnung
getrennt ist und eine dritte, einer Schutzseite
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