URINE ANALYSIS

AND BODY FLUIDS

DR. ABDUL MATEEN

Urinalysis
Clinical
Laboratory
Operations
 LABORATORY STANDARDS

• Clinical Laboratory Standards

Institute (CLSI) - publishes
national and international
laboratory standards
 LABORATORY
ACCREDITATION
• The three main external laboratory accreditation agencies are
as follows:

• ■ College of American Pathologists (CAP) —This professional

organization has deemed status to provide this service for the
federal government.

• ■ Commission on Office Laboratory Accreditation (COLA) —

This commission is administered through the CMS. This office is
under the HHS.

• ■ Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare

Organizations (JCAHO) —This organization also has deemed
status to provide this service for the federal government.
LEGAL AND
ETHICAL CONCERNS

• Informed Consent

• The laboratory has an obligation to ensure that the patient

understands the testing to be performed and that the patient
gives consent to this testing.

• The patient has the right to refuse testing.

• If the patient does not speak English, efforts should be made to

find an interpreter, or a guardian may be needed for minors or
patients with certain disabilities.

• For certain complex procedures or procedures with important

risks, a written informed consent form may be required.
 Standard of Care

• If a laboratory provider does not provide this

standard of quality care and serious complication
or death results, medical negligence may be
charged.
 Confidentiality

• Patient information, the tests they are having

done and their laboratory results, must be kept
strictly confidential.

• This confidential information is not to be shared

with insurance companies, lawyers, or relatives
of the patient unless they are authorized to have
this information.
Specimens for Legal Cases

• When a specimen is collected for a case that

may involve litigation, special safeguards are
recommended to protect the rights of all those
involved.
 Ethical Considerations

• Be respectful toward the patient, keep informed,

follow established procedures and policies, and
incorporate compassion and concern for the
patient into your decisions and actions.
 QUALITY ASSESSMENT

• CLIA ’88 mandates that quality assessment

activities be a continual process in the laboratory
and that these efforts be documented.
Variables Affecting the Quality
of Laboratory Testing
 SAFETY IN CLINICAL
LABORATORY
Common safety symbols
 HAZARDS
• Physical

• Electrical

• Fire and Explosives

• Radioactive hazards

• Chemical hazards

• Biohazards
 CASE STUDY
• As a technologist was opening a rubber-
stoppered urine collection tube, the specimen
splashed into the face of the technologist and the
student with her.

• Embarrassed, the technologist noticed that the

student was busy and had not even noticed the
splash and she said nothing to the student. They
continued working without addressing the splash.
• 1. What possible infectious agents might this
technologist and student now be exposed to?

• 2. What are the proper steps for handling this

incident?

• 3. What should have been done to prevent this

incident from happening?

• 4. What ethical issues were not addressed by the

technologist?
THANK YOU