TYPES OF

NETWORK
TOPOLOGIES

NAME: MARY CRISTINA B.

PACULANANG
STAR TOPOLOGY
A star network is an implementation of a spoke–hub distribution
paradigm in computer networks. In a star network, every host is connected to
a central hub. In its simplest form, one central hub acts as a conduit to
transmit messages.[1] The star network is one of the most common computer
network topologies.
The hub and hosts, and the transmission lines between them, form
a graph with the topology of a star. Data on a star network passes through the
hub before continuing to its destination. The hub manages and controls all
functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow.
Advantages

 If one node or its connection breaks, it does not affect the other computers
nor their connections[3]
 Devices can be added or removed without disturbing the network
 Works well under heavy load
 Appropriate for a large network

Disadvantages

 Expensive due to the number and length of cables needed to wire each host
to the central hub[3]
 The central hub is a single point of failure for the network

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RING TOPOLOGY
A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects
to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals
through each node - a ring. Data travels from node to node, with each node
along the way handling every packet.
Advantages

 Very orderly network where every device has access to the token and the
opportunity to transmit
 Performs better than a bus topology under heavy network load
 Does not require a central node to manage the connectivity between the
computers
 Due to the point to point line configuration of devices with a device on
either side (each device is connected to its immediate neighbor), it is quite
easy to install and reconfigure since adding or removing a device requires
moving just two connections.
 Point to point line configuration makes it easy to identify and isolate faults.
 Reconfiguration for line faults of bidirectional rings can be very fast, as
switching happens at a high level, and thus the traffic does not require
individual rerouting.

Disadvantages

 One malfunctioning workstation can create problems for the entire

network. This can be solved by using a dual ring or a switch that closes off
the break.
 Moving, adding and changing the devices can affect the network
 Communication delay is directly proportional to number of nodes in the
network
 Bandwidth is shared on all links between devices
 More difficult to configure than a Star: node adjunction = Ring shutdown
and reconfiguration

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 BUS TOPOLOGY
A bus network is a network topology in which nodes are directly
connected to a common half-duplex link called a bus.

Advantages

 Very easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus.

 Requires less cable length than a star topology resulting in lower costs
 The linear architecture is very simple and reliable

 It works well for small networks

 It is easy to extend by joining cable with connector or repeater
 If one node fails, it will not affect the whole network

Disadvantages

 The entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable or one
of the T connectors break
 Large amount of packet collisions on the network, which results in high
amounts of packet loss
 This topology is slow with many nodes in the network
 It is difficult to isolate any faults on the Network

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MESH TOPOLOGY
A mesh network (or simply meshnet) is a local network topology in
which the infrastructure nodes (i.e. bridges, switches, and other
infrastructure devices) connect directly, dynamically and non-
hierarchically to as many other nodes as possible and cooperate with one
another to efficiently route data from/to clients. This lack of dependency
on one node allows for every node to participate in the relay of
information. Mesh networks dynamically self-organize and self-configure,
which can reduce installation overhead. The ability to self-configure
enables dynamic distribution of workloads, particularly in the event that
a few nodes should fail. This in turn contributes to fault-tolerance and
reduced maintenance costs.

Mesh topology may be contrasted with conventional star/tree local

network topologies in which the bridges/switches are directly linked to
only a small subset of other bridges/switches, and the links between
these infrastructure neighbours are hierarchical. While star-and-tree
topologies are very well established, highly standardized and vendor-
neutral, vendors of mesh network devices have not yet all agreed on
common standards, and interoperability between devices from different
vendors is not yet assured.

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 INFRACSTRUCTURE
TOPOLOGY
Network infrastructure is the hardware and software resources of
an entire network that enable network connectivity, communication,
operations and management of an enterprise network. It provides the
communication path and services between users, processes, applications,
services and external networks/the internet.

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 AD-HOC
TOPOLOGY
An ad hoc network is a network that is composed of individual
devices communicating with each other directly. The term implies
spontaneous or impromptu construction because these networks often
bypass the gatekeeping hardware or central access point such as a router.
Many ad hoc networks are local area networks where computers or other
devices are enabled to send data directly to one another rather than
going through a centralized access point.

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 WIRELESS MESH
TOPOLOGY
A wireless ad hoc network (WANET) or Mobile ad hoc
network (MANET) is a decentralized type of wireless network. The network
is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such
as routers in wired networks or access points in managed (infrastructure)
wireless networks. Instead, each node participates in routing by forwarding
data for other nodes, so the determination of which nodes forward data is
made dynamically on the basis of network connectivity and the routing
algorithm in use.
In the Windows operating system, ad-hoc is a communication mode
(setting) that allows computers to directly communicate with each other
without a router. Wireless mobile ad hoc networks are self-configuring,
dynamic networks in which nodes are free to move.
Wireless networks lack the complexities of infrastructure setup and
administration, enabling devices to create and join networks "on the fly" –
anywhere, anytime.
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