COMPUTER APPLICATION

SURBHI GOEL 12455

BCOM HONS ‘A‘
PGDAV COLLEGE DU
 NETWORKING

 A network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network

devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow
the sharing of data. An example of a network is the Internet, which
connects millions of people all over the world. To the right is an example
image of a home network with multiple computers and other network
devices all connected.
TYPES OF NETWORKING

LAN(Local Area Network)

PAN(Personal Area Network)

MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

WAN(Wide Area Network)

LAN(LOCAL AREA NETWORK)

 Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in

a small area such as building, office.
 LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers through a
communication medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.
 It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs,
network adapters, and ethernet cables.
 The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in Local Area
Network.
 Local Area Network provides higher security.
 PAN(PERSONAL AREA NETWORK)

 Personal Area Network is a network arranged within an

individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters.
 Personal Area Network is used for connecting the computer
devices of personal use is known as Personal Area Network.
 Thomas Zimmerman was the first research scientist to
bring the idea of the Personal Area Network.
 Personal Area Network covers an area of 30 feet.
 Personal computer devices that are used to develop the
personal area network are the laptop, mobile phones, media
player and play stations.
 TYPES OF
PERSONAL
 Wireless Personal Area Network: Wireless
AREA
Personal Area Network is developed by simply using
NETWORK wireless technologies such as WiFi, Bluetooth. It is a
low range network.
 Wired Personal Area Network: Wired Personal
Wireless
Wired Personal Area Network is created by using the USB.
Personal Area
Area Network
Network
 A metropolitan area network is a network that
covers a larger geographic area by interconnecting a
different LAN to form a larger network.
 Government agencies use MAN to connect to the
citizens and private industries.
 In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other
through a telephone exchange line.
 The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-
232, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc.
 It has a higher range than Local Area
Network(LAN).

MAN(METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK)

 A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a
large geographical area such as states or countries.
 A Wide Area Network is quite bigger network than the
LAN.
 A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single
location, but it spans over a large geographical area
through a telephone line, fibre optic cable or satellite
links.
 The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.
 A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of
Business, government, and education.

WAN(WIDE AREA NETWORK)

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

 The term network topology describes the relationship

of connected devices in terms of a geometric graph.
Devices are represented as vertices, and their
connections are represented as edges on the graph. It
describes how many connections each device has, in
what order, and it what sort of hierarchy.
 Typical network configurations include the 
bus topology, mesh topology, ring topology, 
star topology, tree topology and hybrid topology.
 MESH TOPOLOGY
A mesh topology is a network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected
with one another. It is a topology commonly used for wireless networks. There are two forms of
this topology: full mesh and a partially-connected mesh.
Advantages of a mesh topology Disadvantages of a mesh topology
 Manages high amounts of traffic, because multiple  The cost to implement is higher than other network
devices can transmit data simultaneously. topologies, making it a less desirable option.
 A failure of one device does not cause a break in the  Building and maintaining the topology is difficult
network or transmission of data. and time consuming.
 Adding additional devices does not disrupt data  The chance of redundant connections is high, which
transmission between other devices. adds to the high costs and potential for reduced
efficiency.
 RING TOPOLOGY

A ring topology is a network configuration where device connections create a circular data path.

Each networked device is connected to two others, like points on a circle. Together, devices in a
ring topology are referred to as a ring network.  Most ring topologies allow packets to travel
only in one direction, called a unidirectional ring network. Others permit data to move in either
direction, called bidirectional.
Advantages of a ring topology Disadvantages of a ring topology
 All data flows in one direction, reducing the chance of  All data being transferred over the network must pass
packet collisions. through each workstation on the network, which can
 A network server is not needed to control network make it slower than a star topology.
connectivity between each workstation.  The entire network will be impacted if one workstation
 Data can transfer between workstations at high speeds. shuts down.
 Additional workstations can be added without  The hardware needed to connect each workstation to
impacting performance of the network. the network is more expensive than Ethernet cards and
hubs/switches.
 STAR TOPOLOGY

 Star topology is one of the most common network setups. In this configuration, every node
 connects to a central network device, like a hub, switch, or computer. The central network
device acts as a server and the peripheral devices act as clients. In a star topology setup, either a 
coaxial or RJ-45 network cable is used, depending on the type of network card installed in each
computer.
Advantages of star topology Disadvantages of star topology
 Centralized management of the network, through the  May have a higher cost to implement, especially when
use of the central computer, hub, or switch. using a switch or router as the central network device.
 Easy to add another computer to the network.  The central network device determines the performance
and number of nodes the network can handle.
 If one computer on the network fails, the rest of the
 If the central computer, hub, or switch fails, the entire
network continues to function normally.
network goes down and all computers are disconnected
from the network.
 TREE TOPOLOGY
A tree topology is a special type of structure where many connected elements are arranged like
the branches of a tree.  For example, tree topologies are frequently used to organize the
computers in a corporate network, or the information in a database.

 In computer networks, a tree topology is also known
as a star bus topology. It incorporates elements of
both a bus topology and a star topology. Below is an
example network diagram of a tree topology, where
the central nodes of two star networks are connected
to one another.
 In computer programming, tree topologies can
structure many kinds of data, including a computer
program itself.
 For example, this is a computer program written in
Lisp:
 (+ 1 2 (if (> p 10) 3 4))
 BUS TOPOLOGY

Bus topology is a network setup where each computer and network device is connected to a
single cable or backbone. Depending on the type of computer network card, a coaxial cable or
an RJ-45 network cable is used to connect them together.

Advantages of bus topology  Disadvantages of bus topology

 It works well when you have a small network.
 It's the easiest network topology for connecting
computers or peripherals in a linear fashion.
 It requires less cable length than a star topology.
 It can be difficult to identify the problems if the whole
network goes down.
 It can be hard to troubleshoot individual device issues.
 Bus topology is not great for large networks.
 Terminators are required for both ends of the main cable.
 Additional devices slow the network down.
 NETWORKING TERMINOLOGIES
WAN
 It stands for Wide Area Network and covers a wide area such as a city.

LAN
 It stands for Local Area Network and covers a small area such as a small office or home. It physically connects all the computers located in the premises.

Internet
 It is a computer network system that connects the computers of the world. It is normally connecting through WAN and LAN.

Intranet
 It is a close room computer network system, as it covers a small area and only authorized people can access it.

Extranet
 It is also a sort of Internet the access to which is granted only to a few.

World Wide Web (WWW)

 It is the service that is used on Internet to view and search contents (in the form of web-pages).

Instant messaging (IM)

 It is an online facility that facilitates us to chat or talk. Such service is provided by Skype, Google Talk, Windows Live Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, etc.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
 It is a Protocol, which is used especially for voice transfer over IP network. Likewise, it facilitates users to make phone-calls by using internet.

Really Simple Syndication (RSS)

 It is a technique, which is used for the dissemination of information, articles, etc. Users normally subscribe to the RSS channel in order to receive news. After
subscription, users do not need to visit the respective website rather they receive emails regarding the same.

Web log
 It is a sort of online inventory (normally on a specialized topics) that consists of a series of entries. These entries are arranged in opposite chronological order.
The person who maintains the weblog regularly update it with a new information.

Podcast
 It is a digital file that normally contains audio or video record and is available on the Internet as well.

Social networking websites

 It refers to the websites that facilitate users with a common platform where they can share their message (in text, audio, or even video form), images, videos, etc.
For example, Facebook, Google+, Twitter, LinkedIn, MySpace, etc.

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

 It is a technical expression for public telephone system.
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
 It is a set of communication standards that transmits voice, video, data, and other network services simultaneously.
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
 It is a sort of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology that facilitates faster data transmission.
THANK
YOU
SUBMITTED TO-
MS. KAVITA
SUBMITTED BY-
SURBHI GOEL (12455)
BCOM HONS ‘A’