Chapter 1

LIMITS

CALCULUS 1 Samar College Galina V. Panela

Brief History on Calculus:

• It is a branch of mathematics which

started to develop in the 17th century.
• Sir Isaac Newton and Wilhelm Leibniz
created calculus independently of each
other and about the same time.

CALCULUS 1 Samar College Galina V. Panela

Brief History on Calculus:

• The word calculus is derived from the

Latin word for stone or pebble.
• Calculus roughly means a “method of
calculation”

CALCULUS 1 Samar College Galina V. Panela

 Lesson 1.1
FUNCTIONAL NOTATION

CALCULUS 1 Samar College Galina V. Panela

Concept of Function:

• A function is a certain law of

correspondence,
• It is generally associated with a
formula.
• Like the formula of the area of the circle
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 . We say that A is a function of r
and in symbol, we write 𝐴 = 𝑓(𝑟).

CALCULUS 1 Samar College Galina V. Panela

Concept of Function:

• In general, if there is a relation

between two variables x and y such
that each value of x corresponds to a
value of y, then we say, y is a function
of x.
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

CALCULUS 1 Samar College Galina V. Panela

Concept of Function:

This concept may be extended to

relations between more than two
variables such that if
𝑧 = 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦
then the value of z is determined when x
and y are given.

CALCULUS 1 Samar College Galina V. Panela

Example:

Express the perimeter P of the

rectangle as a function of the length x
of one side if the area of the rectangle
is 10 square meters.

CALCULUS 1 Samar College Galina V. Panela

Exercises:

Evaluate the function, 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2, if

• 𝑓 −10
• 𝑓 𝑦2 + 8
• 𝑓 𝑥 + ∆𝑥
• 𝑓 𝑥 + 1 − 𝑓(𝑥 − 1)

CALCULUS 1 Samar College Galina V. Panela

Exercises:

Express the area of an equilateral triangle

as a function of its side x.

𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓(𝑥)
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 1, find , where h ≠ 0.
ℎ

4
If f(𝑥) and 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 3, find f(g(x)) and
𝑥+5
g(f(x)).
CALCULUS 1 Samar College Galina V. Panela