Dalton’s Atomic Model

John Dalton Biography

 September 7, 1776 – July 27, 1844

 An English chemist, physicists and meteorologist
 One of the pioneers of the development of the modern atomic theory
 He brought back Democritus’ ancient idea of the atom. Based on his
research results, he was able to demonstrate that atoms actually do exist,
something that Democritus had only guessed.
 Daltonism- it is the concept of Dalton’s research about color blindness
 In 1803, he published his first table on relative atomic weights. He
computed the atomic weights from the percentage composition of
compounds
 He also contributed on Gas Laws

Put forward atomic model in: 1803

Nickname for his model: Billiard Ball Model or Solid Sphere Model

Description of his model:

Dalton was an English chemist and teacher who used experimental evidence to form
the atomic theory of matter:

1. All elements are composed (made up) of atoms. It is impossible to divide or

destroy an atom.

2. All atoms of the same element are alike.

3. Atoms of different elements are different.

4. Atoms of different elements combine to form a compound. These atoms have to

be in definite whole number ratios.

5. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged.

Atoms of one element are never changed into atoms of another element as a
result of a chemical reaction.

Dalton's Model of an Atom

 Based on all his observations, Dalton proposed his model of an atom. It is often referred
to as the billiard ball model. He defined an atom to be a ball-like structure, as the
concepts of atomic nucleus and electrons were unknown at the time.

"Solid Sphere Model" or "Billiard Ball Model" proposed by

Dalton

Later, he tried to symbolize atoms, and he became one of the first scientists to assign such
symbols. He gave a specific symbol to each atom.

Dalton's Elements
 Thomson’s Atomic Model

J.J. Thomson Biography

 Joseph John Thomson was born in 1856 in Cheetham Hill, Manchester, England.
 One of Thomson’s greatest contributions to modern science was in his role as a
highly gifted teacher: seven of his research assistants and his son won Nobel
Prizes in physics
 He received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1906 and was knighted in 1908.
 Discovery of the electron (1897)
 He died on 30 August 1940 and ws buried in Westminter Abbey, close to Sir
Isaac Newton

Put forward atomic model in: 1904

Nickname for his model: Plum Pudding Model (or Raisin Bread Model)

Description of his model:

Thomson’s model was known as the "Plum Pudding Model” (or "Raisin Bread Model.") As each
atom was a sphere filled with a positively charged fluid, known as the “pudding”. Scattered in
this fluid were negatively charged electrons, these were the “plums” in the pudding. Thomson
suggested that the positive fluid held the negatively charged electrons in the atom because of
its electrical forces.

Thomson’s Model of an Atom

 "Plum Pudding Model" or "Raisin
Bread Model"
proposed by J.J. Thomson