Meaning that the water-

loving part faces outwards GENERAL

and the fat-loving part faces
inwards. This arrangement
BIOLOGY
helps bring important
molecules in and out of the
1
cell. A further class includes
steroids, which are made up
of 4 fused rings. One
important type of steroid is
cholesterol; cholesterol is
produced in the liver and is
the forerunner to many other
steroid hormones, such as
estrogen, testosterone, and
cortisol. It is also a part of
cell membranes, where it
inserts into the bilayer and LEONARDO, Renzy Chester
OLVIDO, Danielle Stephanie

influences the membrane’s

fluidity; cholesterol is even
found in the bloodstream.
ALMARIO, Ceriaco
VALENCIA, Jomel

VALENCIA, Jomel
CAMAING, Ryan

CAMAING, Ryan
GERONA, Mjay

GERONA, Mjay
BANTA, Alyssa
TOPIC: Lipids

MEMBERS:
 INTRODUCTION
People today are taught to be
“hydrophobic.” Fats are said to be bad
for people, and they should not be
included in the diet. However, fats and
lipids are an essential part of the
everyday functioning of the human body,
down to the molecular level.
They are used for some very important
processes described below.
Lipids are fatty, waxy, or oily compounds
that are truly “hydrophobic” and
insoluble in polar solvents such as
water, but soluble in organic solvents.
Lipids include:
 Fats and oils (triglycerides)
 Phospholipids
 Waxes
 Steroids
Fats are normally solid at room
temperature, while oils are
SUMMARY OF THE REPORT
generally liquid. An important
biological function of lipids involves
phospholipids, which comprises the
cell membranes of all our cells. They
They are a significant part of biological
are typically made of a glycerol
membranes as well as of the myelin
backbone, 2 fatty acids, and a
sheath that coats and protects the
phosphate group.
nerves for our neurological functioning.
Phospholipids are amphipathic since
Fats and oils are esters made up of
they have both hydrophobic and
glycerol, which is a 3-carbon sugar, and
hydrophilic properties. The fatty acid
3 fatty acids. Fatty acids are
“tail region” is hydrophobic, while the
hydrocarbon chains of differing lengths
phosphate-containing “head group” is
with various degrees of unsaturation that
hydrophilic. In the cell membrane,
end with carboxylic acid groups.
phospholipids arrange in a bilayer
Fatty acids in biological systems usually manner, providing the cell protection
contain an even number of carbon atoms and serving as a barrier to certain
and are typically 14 carbons to 24 molecules.
carbons long. Triglycerides store energy,
provide insulation, as well as aid in the
absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.