Unbalance

consequences, causes, definitions ...

Diagnostic Systems

Fundamentals - Part 1
Balancing and

unbalance, C.o.G., eccentricity, centrifugal force, vektor ...

Fundamentals - Part 2
axial unbalance distribution on rigid rotors, types of unbalances ...
Tolerances
quality grade, allocation of balancing planes ...
Measuring Unbalance
balancing machines, accomodation, drive, measuring principles ...
Balancing speed determined by
balancing maschine, rotor, economy, safety ...
Correction of Unbalance
types of correction (add, remove, shift), economy, errors, tolerance ...
Errors
phenomena, causes, types, cure (typical examples) ...
State of a Rotor
rigid rotor (constant behaviour), other rotors (variable ~ ) ...
Addentum
articles ...
 Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems

Why Balance ?
 Balancing and

Reasons for balancing Diagnostic Systems

What is
balancing
Unbalance can ... good for?

Increase: stress
wear
vibration
noise
Reduce: function
life span
comfort
product quality

Disturb: machines
humans

Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-01-01-01
Causes of unbalance
Unbalance can result from ...
Design and Drawing Errors
parts not symmetrical
non-machined surfaces
run-out
Errors in Materials
voids in cast parts
changing density of material
uneven / unsymmetrical
run-out of antifriction bearings
e.g. ball bearings
Conditions in Operation,
Environment and Transportation
Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems
What
causes
unbalance?
Production and Assembly Errors
error in shape / outline when
welding or casting
missalignment e.g. of journals
eccentric, inclined
plastic deformation e.g.
missaligned assembly,
transportation
internal stress,
permanent deformation
shrink-fit, welding
variation of material / parts
e.g. srews, washers
balancing errors
Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-01-01-02
It started at an early age Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems

A phenomenon was discovered

An unbalanced waterwheel will
position itself such that its center of
gravity will be below the axle when the
waterwheel is stationary.

Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-01-00-01
 Balancing and
Knowledge slowly ripens Diagnostic Systems

Unbalance is a vector
By adding a mass “m”

m of the correct amount at

a correct position
the waterwheel will be in balance.

It will now turn smoothly even

with lower current

The beginning of
balancing technique.

Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-01-00-02
 Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems

Modern times bring further understanding

There are several unbalance conditions

Two opposing excentric masses
can only be detected during
rotation due to centrifugal forces.
.

The phenomenon is called “couple unbalance“

Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-01-00-04
 Balancing and
Diagnostic Systems

What is balancing? ISO

definition
A definition according to DIN ISO 1925

DIN ISO 1925

Balancing is a procedure during which the November 1996

mass distribution of a rotor is tested and if
necessary corrected to ensure that the
residual unbalances respectively the
vibrations of the bearing stubs or the bearing
forces will remain within fixed limits.

Seminar-Chapter-Subject-Page 11-01-02-01