PACKAGING

REQUIREMENTS OF MILK

SUBMITTED BY,
NIMISHA K
THIRD SEMESTER MSC FST
KUFOS
Milk is one of the basic food stuffs and
from it have been derived a variety of
processed foods which are known as dairy
products

Whole milk is a complex physicochemical

system consisting of a water solution of
salts, lactose and lactalbumin

Proteins are colloidally dispersed in the

water solution and milk fat solids are
present in a partially emulsified suspension
 WHY WE NEED PACKAGED MILK????
Risk of pathogens in open milk due to surrounding
environment and unhygienic grazing conditions

Risk of bacteria inside and outside the udder during milking

Improper sanitization while milking manually or mechanically

Unsterile storage and transportation equipment

HISTORY OF MILK PACKAGING
PACKAGING MATERIALS USED
FOR MILK

1. Glass
2.Paper board
3.Plastics
4.Milk cartons
5.Rigid plastics
6.Returnable plastic bottles
 1. GLASS

Until 1950, almost all milk was packaged in glass bottles

The increase in supermarket shopping and the decrease in home
delivered milk have served to lessen the usage of glass milk bottles
Glass milk bottles originally were round, tapering to a rather
wide mouth with a thick flange
The move to a squared a body saved considerable space in the
home refrigerator
Finland milk is packed in brown glass to filter out harmful light
Bottles closures are formed from aluminium foil , HDPE , PP , and
paperboard
Most closure are applied by automatic machinery at high speeds
Printing is applied prior to use
WHY MILK PACKAGED IN
GLASS??
Strength Water and
and gas barrier
Transparent rigidity

100% Thermal
recyclable shock
resistance

Inertness
Cheap to chemical
cost substances
 2. PAPER BOARD
The introduction of wax coated paperboard captured the
milk market in the late 1940s
The outer surface had a cloudy , unattractive appearance
Although a few PVC Coated cartons were tried, the
introduction of PE coated paperboard in the early 1960s
solved nearly all the problems inherent in milk packaging
It was disposable, clean looking and functional
 3. PLASTIC
An all plastic milk bottles is light weight and tougher than its two
competitors.
Reclosure is more sanitary than the tear open cartons
Pigmentation can be used to help screen out light
Disadvantages include difficulties in connection with printing,
labeling and various decorating techniques
The basic materials in general use for an all plastic milk bottles are
PE, PS, and more recently polycarbonates
Reasons to shift from glass to HDPE containers
Heavy weight
It occupies more space during transportation and storage

Fragility
Due to fragile nature it needs more protection due to external hazards

Cost
Though material cost is less, it increase the cost of transport and storage which
leads to more fuel consumption
Material consumption
For packaging of 100 ml milk we need 500g of glass material

Effect of light
Light damages the nutritive components of milk

Chemicals
The effect of chemicals for washing the bottle leads to environmental hazard
 4. MILK CARTONS
Many different cartoning lines exist and varying carton designs are
used
A unique system is the Perga carton patented by Jagenberg
company in Germany
The Perga cartons consists of a two piece container. It is widely
used in Australia
In US , one of the major packets used is the pure-pack
This is used by the dairies as precut blanks which are formed, filled
and sealed on one machine
Paperboard cartons sales are in pint (0.47 liter), half pint (0.24
liter) and half gallon sizes (1.9 liters)
Most attempts to design gallon (3.78 liters) paperboard cartons fail
because of manufacturing costs or because the handles don’t
support the weight
Preformed
 Preformed cartons are supplied to the dairy in a fully erect form
and ready for filling
Eg:- Perga carton
Precut
 In a precut carton system, printed, coated paperboard blanks are
supplied in a knocked down shape
The final carton is set up, formed , filled, and sealed on one
machine
Eg:- pure pack
Postformed
 post forming uses roll stick, forms, fills and seals in one
continuous operation
The system may use PE or foil laminated paper
The zupack is a rectangular block while tetra packs are
tetrahedron shaped
Reasons for selecting carton as milk
packaging
Light weight
Made from renewable raw material
Increase distribution efficiency
Hygienic
One-way containers
Aseptic type, doesn’t require refrigeration
Easy to dispose off
Recyclable
 5. RIGID PLASTICS

Once milk packaging encountered a problem that, caps did not fit
satisfactorily. So capping and filling procedures must be modified in
order to introduce plastic bottles
Metal screw caps then appeared and were capable of preventing
milk spoilage
The cost of the metal cap was high and its use was restricted in
several countries
A recent innovation in closure devices is a plastic top made of PE
with a diaphragm
The cap is applied to the bottle and the diaphragm is in the center of
the cap
When the diaphragm is depressed the caps expands causing a tight
fit
It is tamper proof and may be produced at high speeds
 6. RETURNABLE PLASTIC BOTTLES
The higher competitive cost of an all plastic bottle
compared to paperboard and glass had led to the
development of the returnable plastic bottles
Polycarbonate returnables are receiving noticeable
interest
 NEW TRENDS……………..
1.FLEXIBLE PLASTIC POUCHES
• Liquid milk also may be packaged in plastic film or laminated pouches
• Pouches offer economy, compact storage and ease of disposal
• Disadvantages include the need for support and an unconventional appearance
• Since clear plastic does not offer adequate shelf life, an opaque laminate is required
• Most all plastic film pouches for milk are prepared from two ply, LDPE lay flat tubing
• The outer ply is white and the inner ply is black to protect the milk from UV
degradation
• The lay flat tubing is made by extruding two PE resins through a coaxial die and then
passing the two films through a second dye to produce a 0.001 cm laminate
• On the packaging machine the tubing is sterilized by UV irradiation, cut to the
desired length, sealed on the bottom to form a pouch, filled and heat sealed at the
top to close
 REASONS FOR SELECTING
FLEXIBLE POUCHES………

 Cheapest in the world

 Easy to handle
 Occupies less space
 Convenient
 Recyclable
 Use lowest amount of packaging material
 Bottles don’t need to be collected, washed, refilled and
redistributed
 2. PAPER BOARD PLASTIC LINER
• In recent years, a bag in box concept utilizing a LDPE bag in a corrugated
container has become popular
• Both the bag and box are completely disposable
• The inner ply consist of either single or double ply 0.005 cm PE
• A spout is heat sealed into the bag and a plastic valve may be added for
dispensing purposes
• The bag collapses in use as the level of liquid falls
• The corrugated fiber board container is printed and used as the outer
package
 3. ASEPTIC PACKAGING
• Aseptic or long life milk was originally introduced in Sweden in the
early 1960s
• Originally called the tetra pack system , it utilizes a laminate pre
sterilizer and a filling environment heater
• Aluminium foil is an integral part of the flexible laminate in order
to provide a barrier against light and gas
• Cows milk is preheated to 73.8- 85 then rapidly raised to 140.5-
148.8
• It is held at the latter temperature for 2-4 sec and then suddenly
cooled by flashing into a vacuum chamber
• It must be packaged under completely sterile conditions
• No refrigeration is necessary for at least 3 months
• If kept under refrigeration, a shelf life of up to 1 year is possible
Milk in tetra pack……………..

100% recyclable
Is ultra heat treated

Light and easy to transport

Need not be refrigerated

Has a longer shelf life

Preserves maximum nutrients

Is aseptically packed
 4. CANNED MILK PACKAGING

• Sterilized canned milk is produced by using lacquered

tinplate cans which have a special seam stronger than
a conventional can
• They must be able to withstand the stresses imposed
by high temperatures used to sterilize the contents
INNOVATIVE PACKAGING
 MILK PACKAGING TOMMORROW
Thermoformed bottles derived from Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)
Derived from corn starch

Degradable
High stability
Transparency
UV resistant
 FROM HERE ONWARDS………ḷḷḷḷḷ

LET US FOCUS ON FUTURE PACKAGING OF MILK….ḷḷḷ