Professional Documents
Culture Documents
In ancient Greece and Rome and during the Middle Ages in Europe, the art
of healing recognized a separation between the duties of the physician and
those of the herbalist, who supplied the physician with the raw materials
from which to make medicines. The Arabian influence in Europe during the
8th century AD, however, brought about the practice of separate duties for
the pharmacist and physician. The trend toward specialization was later
reinforced by a law enacted by the city council of Bruges in 1683, forbidding
physicians to prepare medications for their patients. In America, Benjamin
Franklin took a pivotal step in keeping the two professions separate when
he appointed an apothecary to the Pennsylvania Hospital.
The development of the pharmaceutical industry since World War II led to
the discovery and use of new and effective drug substances. It also
changed the role of the pharmacist. The scope
for extemporaneous compounding of medicines was much diminished and
with it the need for the manipulative skills that were previously applied by
the pharmacist to the preparation of bougies, cachets, pills, plasters, and
potions. The pharmacist continues, however, to fulfill the prescriber’s
intentions by providing advice and information; by formulating, storing, and
providing correct dosage forms; and by assuring the efficacy and quality of
the dispensed or supplied medicinal product.
-The Architectural style
Deconstruction:-
-What is deconstruction?
1-It is an architectural movement that began in the early 1980s.
2-It is influenced by the theory of "Deconstruction".
3-It is characterized by fragmentation, and interest in manipulating a structure's surface or
skin through transform the basic Volumes of architecture (Cube, Cuboid, Pyramid & sphere)
in order to recombine it in a new hybrid shapes.
-Goals
Deconstructivism attempts to move away from the supposedly constricting 'rules' of
modernism such as:
Historical background on deconstruction.
-Deconstructivism came to public notice with the 1982 Parc de la Villette architectural design
competition.
-(especially the entry from Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman and Bernard Tschumi's
winning entry).
-Philosophy
Deconstruction is a literary theory and philosophy of language derived principally from
Jacques Derrida's 1967 work Of Grammatology.
the clearest explanation on Derrida’s thinking, which I also found to be notoriously difficult.
it’s fundamental to Derrida’s extraordinary view of the world that nothing has much
meaning anyway.
-Design characteristics
6-Open Plan.
7-Distinguishing from Context.
Chapter 2
-International example 1
Pharmaceutical factory in mannheim Germany
Location: located in Germany in Mannheim on the area of (11450 m2) and
the gross area of floors are (1950 m2) and it consist of two floors (ground
floor & basement).
Site analysis :
1-Entrance 2-backyard 3-ambulance 4-Advance guard
(dosage,pills,oinments ) 5-control department 6- Advance guard
7-store 8-marketing 9-expansion