6.01.

2022-
ISTANBUL MEDIPOL UNİVERSITY FACULTY OF PHARMACY

Prof. Dr. Nurettin

PHARMACY FROM PAST ABACIOĞLU
Near East University
to FUTURE Faculty of Pharmacy
Lefkoşa-KKTC
Is it the beginning
of history?

At the dawn of
humanity,
In the primitive
communal period,
which included
gathering and
hunting, modern
medicine and
pharmacy services
of that period were
continued to the
fullest.
Çatalhöyük-Neolithic Age
(12000-2500 BC)

Trapenation Trapening
guide- instruments and
stereotaxic surgical
device ancestor techniques
Pharmacy in
Ancient Babylon

Babylon, the
pearl of ancient
Mesopotamia

Both clergyman, pharmacist and doctor (2600 BC).

The oldest known record of the art of pharmacy

 PHARMACY in OLD CHINA
Shen Nung (2000 BC):

He researched hundreds of herbs for remedy and

tried many of them himself.
 Ancient
Egypt
and,
Eber
Papyrus

Ancient Egypt: The best known and oldest pharmacy records (2900 BC)

Eber Papyrus (1500 BC): The earliest known medical record.

It contains 700 medicines and 800 prescriptions prepared from them. In addition,
there are expressions of collectors, drug preparers and chief pharmacist in the
texts
 Father of BOTANY - Theofrastus
Pharmacy in Ancient Greece

Theopharastus (300 BC) Father of Botany, philosopher

and naturalist.

His accurate observations of the medicinal properties of

plants are surprising even today.
Ancient Pontus: Toxicologist King
Mithridates
 Pontus King Mithridates VI
(100 BC):

While fighting Rome during

his lifetime, he succeeded
in creating the art of
Mithridatism: The medical poisoning. He researched
approach to making the poisons and antidotes,
body immune to poison
using increasing doses of
using himself and prisoners
poison as guinea pigs.

Famous antidote: Mithridatum

 Dioscorides (100 AD)

Pharmaceutical
researcher and
scientist.

 He traveled the world accompanying the Roman armies.

 He made a significant change in pharmacy by using the
experiences of the old ones.
 Wrote the rules for the collection, storage and use of drugs
and meat.
 The texts he prepared were used as the main scientific source
until the 16th century.
Ancient Greece: Lemnos Island
Terra sigillata (sealed
earth-500 BC):
The oldest “Trademark
preparation”.
o Clay lozenges believed
to have a healing effect.
o Prepared once a year in
the presence of high-
level officials and
religious leaders.
o These specially sealed
lozenges were
commercially sold in a
wide geography.
Baghdad and the first pharmacy-
Umayyad period
Ibn-i Sina - Avicenna
980-1037
 He is known as the founder of
Medieval Modern Science and
the leader of physicians, and is
known as the "Grand Master".
 His work of art El-Kanun fi't-Tıb
(Law of Medicine), which
continued as the main source
work in the field of medicine
for seven centuries.
 He became famous for his book
and this book was taught in
European universities as a basic
work in medical science until
the middle of the 17th century.
 Galen (130-200 AD)
Citizen of Pergamon
Honorary name of the
medical and pharmacy
professions

 Founder of Galenic
(Pharmaceutical
Technology) science,
 He taught medicine
and pharmacy in
Rome.
 Its principles for drug
preparation were used
in the Western World
for 1500 years.
 He is the creator of the
cold cream
formulation that is still
used today.
Middle Ages-Monastic Pharmacy
• Monastery Pharmacy (5th-
12th Century):

 Medicine and pharmacy continued

in monasteries.

 Crone medicines and prescriptions

compiled from all directions were
collected in monastic libraries.

 Medicinal plants were produced

for medicine in the monastery
gardens.
Healer Twin Saints:
Damian and Cosmas
• They are twin saints, one physician
and the other pharmacist, who lived
in Cilicia, symbolizing the unity of the
professions of medicine and
pharmacy.

• Apart from their efforts to spread

religion, they were called "doctors
who don't get paid" because they
practiced medicine without receiving
any money.

• Due to their contributions to

medicine and pharmacy, they were
considered saints and chapels and
churches were built in their names.
The Separation of Pharmacy and Medicine
(1240 AD)
 The Separation of Pharmacy and
Medicine (1240 AD)
In the 17th century, the first public
pharmacies began to appear in
European countries under Arab
influence.
However, pharmacy and medicine were not separated from each
other.
 
The German Emperor and Sicilian King, Frederick II
(Hohenstaufen dynasty), who created a lively link between East
and West, in his palace in Palermo issued the first edict in Europe,
separating the responsibilities of pharmacists from medicine and
defining their professional fields of work.

(1240 AD; Sicily and Southern Italy)

 First Official Pharmacopoeia
 The idea of the first official
pharmacopoeia, to which all
pharmacists must abide, was
born in Florence. Nuovo
Receptario (1498):

 Published in Italian and

became the legal standard
of the city-states.

It was prepared jointly by the «Pharmacist's Guild» and the

«Physicians' Society». It is considered the first constructive
cooperation between these two professions.
The first pharmacist organization in the Anglo-
Saxon world; London Society of Pharmacists
In the Middle Ages, the
drug and spice trade was a
lucrative business and was
monopolized by the
Grocery Guild, which had
jurisdiction over
pharmacies in the British
Isles.

After years of struggle the pharmacists found support from the

royal Physicians. Philosopher-politician Francis Bacon persuaded
King James I in 1617 to establish the institution called "Master,
Wardens and Society of the Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries
of the City of London".
Serturner and alkaloid chemistry
 Serturner

Friedrich Sertürner (June 19, 1783 – February 20,

1841), a German pharmacist best known for his
extraction of morphine from opium in 1805
Founding of the American Pharmacists
Association

It was founded on 6-8 October 1852 in Philadelphia

College of Pharmacy.
 Standards in Pharmaceutical Preparations

 Parke, Davis & Company

produced the first standard
"Liquor Ergotae Purificatus"
(1879)
 Chief Chemist Dr. Albert
Brown Lyons developed the
alkaloid determination
methods.
 The Parke-Davis company
developed the
pharmacological and
pharmaceutical standards of
drugs.
 New discoveries in pharmacy
He made important
discoveries in the field of
pharmacy and medicine.

Dropper for medicines,

Stanislas Limousin (1831-1887) –
Inventor pharmacist
starch cache, sealed and
sterilizable glass ampoule,
inhalation device and
oxygen delivery device are
among his inventions.
 Discovery of biological drugs

 Behring and Roux announced the effectiveness of diphtheria antitoxin in

1894.
 Parke-Davis & Company was among the first manufacturers (1895) and in
1903 it was the first company to obtain a license for biologicals in the USA.
 New biological products culminated in 1955 with the invention of the polio
vaccine.
 The Age of Pharmaceutical Research
 Advances in pharmacy for ages
went hand in hand with
advances in science.
 The chemical synthesis of
antipyrine in 1883 intensified
research into synthesizing new
drugs.
 The Germans were leaders in
pharmaceutical research until
World War I.
 After the war, the leadership
passed to the USA.
 From the 1930s to the early 1940s, pharmaceutical research progressed on
its own.
 After this date, it has continuously developed with the support of drug
manufacturers, universities and governments.
The evolution of chemotherapy

Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau (1872-1949)

Laboratory
The evolution of chemotherapy
o Ernest Francois Auguste
Fourneau (1872-1949), from the
Pasteur Institute of Paris,
researched new chemicals
effective against disease-causing
microorganisms.
o He discovered bismuth and
arsenic compounds used in the
treatment of syphilis.
o He researched life-saving
sulfonamide compounds.
o The first drugs with antihistamine
effects were found in his
laboratory.
Historical Pathway of Oncologic
Chemotherapy
Historical Pathway of Oncologic
Chemotherapy
Pharmaceutical Industry and production
Manufacturing began at 1800 s’ and the
main development was after 1950 s’
Pharmaceutical Industry and production
The age of antibiotics
Pharmacy of today and the future
Situation in Istanbul of the age when
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
was established in the USA (1821)

II Mahmut
1839
 May 14, 1839
• Pharmacy teaching in our country was
established on 14 May 1839 by Sultan
Mahmut II.

• It started with the "Pharmacist Class" II Mahmut

1839
opened within the

Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Adliye-i Şahane

(Military Medicine School)
established in Galatasaray.
 bernard-karl-ambros-1.webp

Founder of the School:

Dr. Charles Ambroise Bernard (1808–
1844)-Austria
Dr. Charles Ambroise Bernard (1808–
1844)-Avusturya
 From Pharmacy School to Faculty
Education in this school was conducted in
French until 1870.

In the fire that broke out in Beyoğlu in 1848,

the Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Şahane building was
completely burned.

After this fire, the school continued teaching in

different districts and was finally transferred to
the building built in Haydarpaşa in 1903.
From Pharmacy School to Faculty
 May 14, 1839: Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i  May 14, 1839: Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i
Adliye-i Şahane (Military Adliye-i Şahane (Military
Medicine School) Medicine School)

 March 1, 1867: Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i  March 1, 1867: Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i

Mülkiye-i Şahane (Civil Medicine Mülkiye-i Şahane (Civil Medicine
School) was opened. School) was opened.

 1908: Istanbul Darülfünun and  1908: Istanbul Darülfünun and

the name “Darülfünun-i Osmani the name “Darülfünun-i Osmani
Pharmacist and Dentist School Pharmacist and Dentist School
Alisi” were given. Alisi” were given.
Establishment of the Turkish Pharmacists’
Association
 14 May
May 14, 1968 the first ceremony of the day of pharmacy - Taksim monument
 
5 November 1840 Ahmet Mustafa Efendi graduation-Turan Baytop
May 14, 1839 Azmi Kerman-student representative
Federation International
Pharmaceutics
September 25, 1912-FIP founding meeting-The Hague
25 September World Pharmacists
Day
• First recommendation: by Pharm. Halil Tekiner
• TEB proposal: September 24, 2009 FIP-Istanbul
Congress
Thank you for your
attention