CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The BSN 2 NBB-1 group had their duty last April 16-18

and 23-24, 2018, 7:00 am - 3:00 pm shift, under the

supervision of their clinical instructor, Miss Maureen M.

Sabalburo at the Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center.

They were exposed in the Pediatric Ward to render their

service and to expound their knowledge on various diseases in

the area. The case they chose was a client who was born

preterm and has been admitted to the hospital due to multiple

complications, specifically chronic lung disease.

Chronic Lung Disease, also known as Bronchopulmonary

Dysplasia (BPD), is among the most common and serious sequelae

of preterm birth. BPD affects at least one‐quarter of infants

born with birth weights less than 1500 g. Infants are not

born with BPD; the condition results from damage to the lungs

caused by mechanical ventilation (respirator) and long-term

use of oxygen. The severity of BPD is defined by the amount

of oxygen an infant requires at time of birth and the length

of use of supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation.

Signs and symptoms of BPD include difficulty of breathing,

cyanosis of skin, coughing and/or wheezing, trouble feeding

or frequent vomiting.

As of 2015, there is an estimated amount of 112,487 cases

of bronchopulmonary dysplasia globally. There are

approximately 5,000-10,000 cases that increase annually.

Also, within 2015, there were 1,585 reported cases of

bronchopulmonary dysplasia noted in the Philippines.