Proclamation of the Philippine

Independence
and
The Malolos Constitution
The Philippine Republic

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 Teodoro A.
Agoncillo
● November 9, 1912 – January 14, 1985

● Pre-eminent Filipino Historian of the 20th Century

● An essayist and a poet

● Obtained a Bachelor’s Degree in Philosophy from the University of the

Philippines in 1934

● He is a member of the National Historical Institute in 1963

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 Historical
Background of the
Document

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 Proclamation of the
Philippine Independence
– June 5 – Aguinaldo issued a decree setting aside June 12 as the
day for the proclamation of the Philippine Independence.

– June 11 – Julian Felipe showed Aguinaldo the draft of his

musical composition which was entitiled Marcha Filipina
Magdalo. (Official March of the Phillipines)

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 Proclamation of the Philippine
Independence
– June 12 – Aguinaldo proclaimed the independence of the
Philippines at Cavite el Viejo (Kawit). The Philippine flag was first
and officially hoisted in public accompanied with the Philippine
National March.

– August 1 – the proclamation of the Philippine Independence was

promulgated.

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 Proclamation of the
Philippine Independence
– The Philippine flag was made in Hong Kong by Mrs. Marcela
Agoncillo and assisted by Lorenza Agoncillo and Delfina
Herboza.

– The Act of the Declaration of the Independence was prepared

by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista.

– The Philippine Declaration was signed by ninety-eight

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 The Malolos
Constitution
- First important Filipino document ever produced by the people’s
representatives and was promulgated on January 21, 1899

– Anchored on Democratic Traditions

– The constitution provided for safeguards against abuses and

enumerated the National and Individual Rights not only of the
Filipinos, but also of the aliens

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 The Malolos
Constitution
- Calderon purposely provided for a strong legislative arm, so strong
that the executive, that is, Aguinaldo, would not be able to create an
oligarchy composed of ignoramuses

- Calderon made provision for the creation of a Permanent

Commission

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 The Malolos
Constitution
- The Constitution as a whole is a monument to the
capacity of the Filipinos to chart their own course along
democratic lines.

- It symbolized the ideals of a people who had emerged

from the Dark Ages into the light of Reason

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 THE MALOLOS CONSTITUTION IS
UNIQUE FOR THREE REASONS
● FIRST, BECAUSE OF THE PROVISIONS MAKING THE
ASSEMBLY OR THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH SUPERIOR TO
EITHER THE EXECUTIVE OR JUDICIAL
● SECOND, BECAUSE IT PROVIDED FOR A PERMANENT
COMMISSION TO SIT AS A LEGISLATIVE BODY WHEN THE
ASSEMBLY WAS NOT IN SESSION
● THIRD, BECAUSE IT ESTABLISHED A UNICAMERAL
LEGISLATURE

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 The Philippine Republic
- January 21, 1899 – Aguinaldo finally promulgated the Constitution
- Earlier on January 02, 1899, he formed his Cabinet as follows:

Apolinario Mabini - President of the Cabinet and Secretary of Foreign Affairs

Teodoro Sandico - Secretary of the Interior
Baldomero Aguinaldo - Secretary of War
Mariano Trias - Secretary of Finance
Gracio Gongaza - Secretary of Welfare, including Public Instruction, Public
Works, Communication, Agriculture, Industry and Commerce

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 The Philippine Republic
– January 23, 1899 – the Philippine Republic was inaugurated at
Malolos in Colorful Ceremonies
- Aguinaldo took his oath of office after he had been proclaimed
President of the Republic.
- Aguinaldo issued a decree granting pardon to all Spanish prisoners
of war, who were members of the Spanish Regular Army
- At the same time, granting Spaniards and other aliens the right to
engage in his business within the laws of the Republic

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 Analysis
– This document is important as it symbolizes the moment the Philippines was
able to exercise true sovereignty as its own state and be ruled by truly its own
power. In the previous few centuries, the Philippines existed under the rule of
greater powers, it was through this document that the Philippines claimed its
own identity that coincided with the culture we have developed as a people.
With this document came the design of the Philippine flag and the Marcha
Filipina Magdalo, our official march. It is through the declaration of our
independence that we, as Filipinos, finally expressed solidarity in the progress
of a culturally rich, archipelagic but united nation, the Philippine Republic.

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 Contribution and Relevance of
the Document
– It helps instill nationalism and patriotism among Filipinos by remembering
as well as to honor what our forefathers and heroes fought hard for
liberating the nation from oppression and colonization. It also gave
Filipinos the freedom of speech in which we are able to voice out our
emotions, thoughts and opinions. Moreover, it shows the real essence of
freedom in a way that it remind us to be grateful and learn the value of
service. This help preserve the sovereignity of the country and be able to
repay those who risked their lives for the Philippines to become a full-
pledge nation.

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 References
– Agoncillo, T.A. (2012) History of the Filipino People

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