NPQS

C7-30 Road Ancillaries

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CONTENTS
Page

1. GENERAL 1
National Productivity and Quality Specifications (NPQS) 1.1

C7-30 Road Ancillaries

Scope
1
1.2 Related Sections 1
1.3 Standard and Technical Reference 1
1.4 Trade Preambles 2

2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 5
2.1 Contractor’s Proposals 5

3. MATERIALS 6
3.1 Driveway Markings 6
3.2 Vehicular Impact Guardrail 7
3.3 Retro-Reflective Sheeting for Traffic Signs 8

4. WORKMANSHIP 12
4.1 Road Markings 12
4.2 Vehicular Impact Guardrail 12
4.3 Installation of Retro-Reflective Sheeting 13

5. VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSIONS 14

5.1 Submissions 14
5.2 Quality Control 14

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1. GENERAL

Read with the General Requirements section, and all other contract documents.

1.1 Scope
This section covers the requirements for common types of road ancillaries used for
estate roads and driveways of buildings, including:
a. Driveway Markings
b. Vehicular Impact Guard-rails
c. Retro-reflective Sheeting for Traffic Signs
For other types of street furniture such as traffic signals and Street-lights etc. refer to
specifications from the LTA and other relevant authorities.
This document specifies project specific data to be read in conjunction with section
C7-30 of NPQS. All modification and additions noted in this document take
precedence over clauses noted in NPQS. Clause references in this document tie with
those in C7-30 with the same clause title.

1.2 Related Sections

Read this work section in conjunction with the relevant requirements of the other work
sections as follows:
C5-10 Structural Steelwork
C5-20 Protective Works for Structural Steelwork

1.3 Standard and Technical Reference

1.3.1 Standard
Unless otherwise agreed by the SO, ensure all of the Works comply with the relevant
requirements of the Standards and Codes listed below or referenced in the body of
the Specification. Alternative Standards and Codes may be proposed for approval by
the SO, provided it can be demonstrated that the alternative Standards and Codes
comply with the requirements of the standards specified. All Standards and Codes
quoted are the current version, unless specific year references are noted.
Singapore standards
SS 221 Road marking paint
SS 498 Hot-applied thermoplastic road marking materials.
Other standards
BS 381C Specification for colours for identification coding and special purposes
BS 7371 Coatings on metal fasteners
BS EN 1423 Road marking materials – drop on materials – glass beads, antiskid
aggregates and mixtures of the two
BS EN ISO 1461 Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles.
Specifications and test methods
BS 7371: Part 8 Coatings on metal fasteners. Specification for sherardized coatings
ASTM A153 Standard specification for zinc coating (hot-dip) on iron and steel

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hardware
ASTM A307 Standard specification for carbon steel bolts and studs, 60.000 psi tensile
strength
ASTM A653 / Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or
A653M Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process
ASTM A563 Standard specification for carbon and alloy steel nuts
ASTM D4956 Standard specification for retroreflective sheeting for traffic control
AASHTO M232 Zinc coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware
In the event that the Standards or Codes are partially superseded or become
obsolete, refer to the latest edition or the approved substitution for the relevant
clauses.

1.3.2 Technical Reference

Refer to the following technical reference for guidance in carrying out the works:
a. LTA Standard details of road elements
b. LTA Material and Workmanship Specification for C&S works

1.4 Trade Preambles

1.4.1 Contractor’s Submissions and Proposals

The intended design of the various ancillaries is shown in the drawings. Based on the
information, engage qualified and experienced personnel to develop the design and
carry out the following proposals for SO’s acceptance:
1.4.1.1 Suitable products and manufacturer / plants to comply with the design
intent and performance requirements as set out in clause 2.1 below.
1.4.1.2 Details, equipment and construction methods to install the elements as
proposed.

1.4.2 Coordination with Other Works

Co-ordinate with other contractors who may carry out other works at the same time at
the site. Take into account of site access, space occupation, safety and safeguarding
of adjoining properties and each other’s works.

1.4.3 Provide Spare Material

Deliver to site in strong protective packages marked for identification, and store
where directed, additional joint materials for minor replacement or repairs in the near
future. Refer to PSD for list of items required.
Supply the following spare materials and store in an area agreed with the SO:
ITEM Quantity

Road Marking Paint

Vehicle Guard Rails
Retro-reflective sign sheeting

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1.4.4 Quality Control Plan

No items.

1.4.5 Accredited Laboratory

Engage a laboratory to SO’s acceptance and accredited under the Singapore
Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (SINGLAS) to carry out tests as required.

1.4.6 Maintenance Manual

Prepare and submit a maintenance / replacement manual for all the road ancillary
items in this project. Refer to the General Requirements section, clause 1.4.8 for
details.

1.4.7 Warranty
1.4.7.1 Warranty For The Reflective Sheeting and Vinyl Films
Provide a warranty in accordance with contract conditions to cover the quality and
performance of the reflective sheeting and vinyl films in respect of colour fungus
resistance and adhesion, for the period stipulated below. Submit the Warranty from
the sheeting manufacturer covering the same.
Period of warranty for different sheeting
Types of Period of Warranty
Sheeting
Engineering Grade Three (3) years
High Intensity Grade Seven (7) years
Diamond Grade Seven (7) years

For reflectivity sheeting, the warranty is to also cover its retro-reflective elements for
the warranty period.
1.4.7.2 Other road ancillary items
Provide a warranty in accordance with contract conditions for road markings and
guard rails for a minimum period as listed in the PSD against all defects from the date
of completion.
Warrant the following items for a minimum period as indicated against all defects from
the date of completion:
Item Period of warranty
Road Marking Paint 3 Months
Vehicle Guard Rails 1 Year

1.4.8 Safety
Provide safety precautions in compliance with all current legislations and regulations.
Provide and maintain sufficient proper and efficient life-saving appliances. These are
to be conspicuous and available at all times.

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Ensure that all personnel understand the use of the appliances and carry out drills to
ensure that all necessary procedures are understood and followed.

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2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Contractor’s Proposals

When carrying out the contractor’s proposals as set out in clause 1.4.1, take into
account the following performance requirements:

2.1.1 Functionality and Durability

All items are to achieve the functional quality as specified in clause 3 below during
the stipulated period of warranty.
2.1.1.1 Road Markings
Markings are to be free from raggedness at their edges and free from streaks.
All road markings are to achieve a durability of at least three months such that the
visibility will not decrease by more than 50% at any time during this period. Repaint
the entire works if the painting has faded below 50% visibility within the first three
months.

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3. MATERIALS

3.1 Driveway Markings

Permanent road markings are to be either pavement marking paint (normal
temperature application) or thermoplastic material as indicated in the drawings.

3.1.1 Pavement Marking Paint

3.1.1.1 General
All paints used for pavement marking are to be quick-drying, chlorinated rubber
based and comply with SS 221. The material is to be white, yellow or red as indicated
in the drawings.
3.1.1.2 Paint Properties
Paint is to meet the requirements tabulated below:
Quantitative Requirement of Paint
Characteristic Requirement
Minimum Maximum
Pigment content, % by weight of paint 40 60
Non-volatile matter, % by weight of paint 60
Viscosity, Krebs unit 70 80
Specific gravity 1.22
Fineness of grind, microns 50
“No pick-up” drying time, mins 15
Opacity (contrast ratio), %
- white 70
- yellow 60
- red 50

3.1.1.3 Yellow Colour

The yellow colour is to visually match with colour 356 of BS 381C unless otherwise
agreed by the SO.
3.1.1.4 Container Identification
The following information is to be legibly and durably marked on each container:
a. Name of the paint
b. Type
c. Colour
d. Name of the manufacturer and/or recognised trademark
e. Batch or code number
f. Quantity

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3.1.1.5 Reflectorisation
Where reflectorisation is required, provide solid glass beads which comply with BS
EN 1423. Apply the beads to the wet surface of the marking at the rate of 400-500
g/m².
3.1.1.6 Flow cups and Wet Film Gauges
Provide approved flow cups (ISO Flow Cup or Equivalent) for measuring the
consistency or viscosity of the paint used. Provide wet film gauges with a measuring
range of 0 to 600 microns having an accuracy of 25 microns for the determination of
the wet film thickness of paint laid. Supply six aluminium plates 200 x 200 mm of 15
SWG (1.83 mm) for the purpose of testing the thickness of the road line paint.

3.1.2 Thermoplastic Road Markings

3.1.2.1 General
Comply with SS 498: Class A.
The skid resistance level, measured as described in SS 498: Part 2, is to be not less
than 45 unless otherwise directed.
3.1.2.2 Reflectorisation
Where reflectorisation is required, provide solid glass beads which comply with BS
EN 1423 and incorporate into the thermoplastic mixture. Also apply the beads to the
wet surface of the marking in accordance with SS 498. Verify this requirement against
the technical requirements of the LTA and ensure compliance.

3.1.3 Paintings for Kerbs and Other Street Furniture

Use paint to SS 221 or gloss enamel as indicated in the drawings. Refer to
architectural specifications for requirements of gloss enamel or other external paints
and coatings.

3.2 Vehicular Impact Guardrail

3.2.1 General
For material requirement refer to section C5-10 “Structural Steelwork”, clause 3.1.

3.2.2 Fasteners
Unless otherwise specified or agreed, bolts and nuts are to be of carbon steel
complying with the requirements of ASTM A307 Grade A and ASTM A563 Grade A
respectively.

3.2.3 Mechanical Properties

The beam metal is to conform to the following tensile requirements:
a. minimum yield point - 345 N/mm²
b. minimum tensile strength - 483 N/mm²
c. 12% minimum elongation on a 50mm test gauge length of beam element
Prepare test specimens and test in accordance with ASTM A653/A653M. If
galvanised test specimens are used, the correction for thickness is to be 0.15mm.

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All bolts are to have a tensile strength of at least 414 N/mm² tested in accordance
with ASTM A307.

3.2.4 Metal Thickness

Unless otherwise shown in the design drawings, the base metal of beam or sheet is
to be of nominal thickness of 3mm. The nominal thickness for the galvanised beam
or sheet is to be 3.15mm with a tolerance for under specified thickness of 0.25mm.
There is to be no limit for over thickness. For fabricated beams, thickness
measurements are to be made for tangent portions of the cross section.

3.2.5 Beam Dimensions

Shape beam from sheets with a projected width of not less than 305mm and a depth
of not less than 76mm. The sheets used are to have a nominal width of 483mm.
Permissible tolerance from the nominal width is to be minus 3.2mm.
Unless otherwise shown in the design drawings, the effective length of the beam
element is to be 3810mm long with provision of mounting of post at 1905mm centres.

3.2.6 Terminal Sections

Fabricate terminal sections from sheet steel manufactured from the same type of
metal and having the same gauge thickness and galvanised in the same manner as
the beam elements and also to the same mechanical properties.

3.2.7 Galvanising
In general comply with the requirements of BS ISO 1461.
Hot-dip galvanise the guardrail elements after fabrication using zinc coating with total
weight on both sides of beam not less than 1220 g/m². When subject to Single Spot
Test, test specimen is not to have a coating weight less than 1100 g/m².
Hot-dip galvanise all bolts, nuts and washers for use with guardrail as specified in
ASTM A153 or AASHTO M232 or sheradize as specified in BS 7371: Part 8.

3.2.8 Painting
All primer, undercoat and finishing coats are to be materials and paints
recommended/ manufactured by the same manufacturer, unless otherwise accepted
by the SO.

3.3 Retro-Reflective Sheeting for Traffic Signs

3.3.1 General
The sheeting is to be:
a. Suitable for the manufacturing of traffic signs, directional signs and miscellaneous
signs for road guidance.
b. Highly reflective when normal to vehicle headlight depending on the angle of
incidence. The reflectivity is to be sharp and glareless.
c. Free from dirt, solid lumps, scales, ragged edges and non-uniformity of colour,
etc.

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The surface of the sheeting is to be smooth and flexible. No cracking is to occur when
bent.
The reflective layer of the sheeting is not to delaminate, crack, peel or chip during the
manufacturing process.

3.3.2 Colour
The colour of the sheeting is to be even and free from all spots or decolorization. The
colour is not to easily fade under local weather conditions.
Colours of the sheeting are to be compatible to the colours of the sample sheeting to
SO’s acceptance.

3.3.3 Adhesive Backing

The adhesive backing of the sheeting is to be/ have:
a. Either pressure sensitive or heat sensitive type depending on the requirements.
b. Give high quality bonding to clean, smooth and grease free surfaces such as
aluminium and glass-fibre glass, etc.
c. Fully covered by protective paper liner to prevent deterioration by dirt and
moisture before use. The paper liner is to be moisture resistant and easily
removed without soaking into water or any other solvent.

3.3.4 Grades of Sheeting

3.3.4.1 Engineering Grade
Sheeting is to have optical lens elements enclosed within a transparent resin that has
a smooth, flat outer surface.
The minimum retro-reflective values of the Engineering Grade reflective sheeting is to
have minimum initial readings and minimum readings at the end of warranted life as
tabulated below:
Minimum Initial Readings
Minimum Coefficient of Retro-reflection (RA) (Candelas per lux per square metre)
Observation Entrance White Yellow Red Blue Green
Angle Angle
0.2 -4 70 50 14.5 4.0 9.0
0.2 + 30 30 22 6.0 1.7 3.5
0.5 -4 30 25 7.5 2.0 4.5
0.5 + 30 15 13 3.0 0.8 2.2

Minimum Readings at the End of Warranted Life (3rd Year)

Minimum Coefficient of Retro-reflection (RA) (Candelas per lux per square metre)
Where Entrance Angle is - 4° and Observation Angle is 0.2°
Min. Initial Readings Min. Readings at End of Warranted
Life
White 70 28
Yellow 50 20
Red 14.5 5.8

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Blue 4.0 1.6

Green 9.0 3.6

3.3.4.2 High Intensity Grade

Sheeting is to have optical lens elements adhered to a synthetic resin encapsulated
by a flexible transparent plastic that has a smooth, flat outer surface. The sheeting is
to be provided with heat activated adhesive and is designed for application in a heat
lamp vacuum applicator with approved temperature backing.
The minimum retro-reflective values of the High Intensity Grade reflective sheeting is
to have minimum initial readings and minimum readings at the end of warranted life
as tabulated below:
Minimum Initial Readings
Minimum Coefficient of Retro-reflection (RA) (Candelas per lux per square metre)
Observatio Entrance White Yellow Red Blue Green
n Angle Angle
0.2 -4 250 170 45 20 45
0.2 + 30 150 100 25 11 25
0.5 -4 95 62 15 7.5 15
0.5 + 30 65 45 10 5.0 10

Minimum Readings at the End of Warranted Life (7th Year)

Minimum Coefficient of Retro-reflection (RA) (Candelas per lux per square metre)
Where Entrance Angle is -4° and Observation Angle is 0.2°
Min. Initial Readings Min. Readings at End of Warranted
Life
White 250 200
Yellow 170 136
Red 45 36
Blue 20 16
Green 45 36

3.3.4.3 Diamond Grade

Sheeting is to have Prismatic lens that are formed in a transparent synthetic resin
and sealed.
The minimum retro-reflective values of the Diamond Grade reflective sheeting is to
have minimum initial readings and minimum readings at the end of warranted life as
tabulated below:
Minimum Initial Readings
Minimum Coefficient of Retro-reflection (RA) (Candelas per lux per square metre)
0° Orientation
Observation Entrance White Yellow Red Blue Green
Angle Angle
0.2 -4 430 350 110 20 45
0.5 -4 250 200 60 10 25
1.0 -4 80 65 20 4.0 10

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0.2 30 235 190 60 11 24

0.5 30 170 140 40 7.0 19
1.0 30 50 40 13 2.5 5.0

Minimum Readings at the End of Warranted Life (7th Year)

Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection (RA) (Candelas per lux per square metre)
0° Orientation
Where Entrance Angle is - 4° and Observation Angle is 0.2°
Min. Initial Readings Min. Readings at End of Warranted Life
White 430 250
Yellow 350 200
Red 110 60
Blue 45 23
Green 20 10

3.3.5 Markings
All completed signs are to have a coloured sticker at its rear/underside/post indicating
the month and year of manufacture, which constitutes the start of the warranty.
Use stickers of various colours to indicate the different year of manufacture.

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4. WORKMANSHIP

4.1 Road Markings

Before any paint is applied, ensure the prepared surfaces are inspected and
accepted by the SO.

4.1.1 Pavement Marking Paint

All pavement line paints and pavement markings, including pedestrian crossing, box
junctions, continuous broken lines, numerals, bus zones, arrows, lettering, etc. are to
drawn or spray painted by mechanised pavement line painting machine. Do not
apply by brushes unless otherwise agreed.
Do not paint on surfaces that are wet or damp from rain, dew or other causes until
properly dried. Ensure surfaces receiving the painting are free from dirt, grease, oil or
other deleterious substances.
After a coat has been applied, do not apply succeeding coats until the work has been
inspected and accepted. Allow a minimum 24 hours or interval otherwise agreed after
the first application.
Supply all paints for pavement marking in ready-mixed form by the manufacturer. Do
not permit thinning on site. Strictly control the use of thinners and other solvents at
the site and monitor against adulteration.
Apply all paints for pavement markings by apparatus accepted by the SO to a wet
film thickness of 375 microns and to a tolerance of 50 microns.

4.1.2 Thermoplastic Road Markings

Lay material no thicker than 5mm.
Prepare the pavement in accordance with SS 498. Apply only to surfaces that are
clean and dry.
Lay longitudinal markings by mechanical means to a regular alignment.
On concrete surfaces, remove all traces of curing compound by wire brushing or
other approved means. Apply a tack coat compatible with the road surface and the
marking material.

4.2 Vehicular Impact Guardrail

4.2.1 Fabrication
Fabricate in accordance with methods as proposed by the manufacturer and
accepted by the SO.
Do not punch, drill, cut or weld in the field unless agreed by the SO for special
reasons and for sampling.
The beam is to be of uniform section, straight or curved as required and so designed
that when installed it will not hold water. The edges are to be rolled or rounded to
eliminate sharp edges. Reject warped, kinked or bent sections.
Beams erected on a radius of less than 45m are to be shop-curved.

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4.2.2 Installation
Erect the guardrail after placing the finished wearing course unless otherwise
accepted by the SO.
Erect to the alignment as shown in the Drawings.
When erecting adjacent to live traffic, assemble in the direction of traffic flow in order
to avoid vehicles striking rail ends.

4.2.3 Connections and Splices

Splice beam elements with a lap length no less than 318mm lapping in the direction
of traffic. Fasten the splice with eight bolts and form all connections or splices with
oval shoulder button-headed bolts to minimise projections on the road-side of the
guardrails. Emboss all bolt heads with the manufacturer’s brand.

4.2.4 Painting
When painting is required, clean the guardrail elements from all grit and dirt by
thorough rinsing with clear water. Wipe off greasy deposits with paint thinners. Dry
the surface thoroughly prior to painting.
Apply one coat of approved etching primer (mordant solution) to the galvanised
surface followed by one coat of zinc chromate primer, one undercoat and two
finishing coats.

4.3 Installation of Retro-Reflective Sheeting

To accepted method proposed by the manufacturer.

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5. VERIFICATION AND SUBMISSIONS

5.1 Submissions

5.1.1 Method Statement

Provide a detailed method statement to the SO for acceptance prior to
commencement of the works.
Include proposals for sequence of works, any temporary works required, plant and
equipment, removal of debris, control of noise, dirt, dust and any other potential
nuisance.

5.1.2 Programme
Submit the programme for various stages of work for acceptance.

5.1.3 As-built Drawings

Submit to the SO for record as-built drawings on completion of each element.

5.1.4 Warranty
Submit all warranties for SO’s acceptance upon completion of the works.

5.1.5 Maintenance Manual

Submit maintenance/ replacement manual at the completion of the construction.

5.2 Quality Control

5.2.1 Pavement Marking Paint

5.2.1.1 Statement of Characteristics
Submit a certificate from the manufacturer stating that the paint complies with the
specified requirements in clause 3.1.1(Pavement Marking Paint).
5.2.1.2 Viscosity
When determined on site with the ISO Flow Cup with a diameter of 4 mm, the time to
empty the flow cup is to be from 60 to 70 seconds. If the paint sample fails to meet
this viscosity requirement, then reject all paint works represented by the test and
propose remedial measures to the satisfaction of the SO.
5.2.1.3 Wet Film Thickness
Run the marking apparatus with pre-set settings over one test plate and measure the
wet film thickness. If the paint sample fails to meet this viscosity requirement, then
reject all paint works represented by the test and propose remedial measures to the
satisfaction of the SO.

5.2.2 Thermoplastic Road Markings

Measure the thickness of the markings as described in SS 498.

5.2.3 Vehicular Impact Guardrail

Submit a certificate from the manufacturer stating that the guard rail elements comply
with the specified requirements.

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5.2.3.1 Sampling
Select one piece of guardrail, backing plate and terminal section from each lot of 200
pieces for testing to determine that specification requirements have been complied
with. If the lot is less than 200 pieces, select one piece each of guardrail, backing
plate and terminate section for testing. If the selected piece fails to meet the
requirements, then test two additional pieces. If either one of these pieces fail to
conform again, then reject the lot represented by these samples and propose
remedial measures to the satisfaction of the SO.

5.2.4 Retro-Reflective Sheeting

5.2.4.1 Engineering Grade
Test is to conform to ASTM D4956.
5.2.4.2 High Intensity Grade
Test is to conform to ASTM D4956.
5.2.4.3 Diamond Grade
Test to verify properties as stiputated in Clause 3.3.4.3(Diamond Grade).
5.2.4.4 Test Report
Submit a test report to include the following technical information:
a. The reflectivity factors at certain range of angles,
b. The maximum angle of incidence for good reflection towards light source,
c. Durability of reflective surface due to weathering, dew and moisture effects,
d. Workability in bending,
e. Durability of colour, compatibility to colours of sample sheeting,
f. Strength and durability of adhesive,
g. Corrosion and abrasion resistance etc.
Cover all colours of sheeting.
Submit the Test reports together with illustrative pamphlets/technical information
leaflets/ catalogues, etc. and a sample of 300mm x 300mm for each colour of
sheeting and/or materials to the SO for acceptance before installation.

5.2.5 Test Results

Supply report of all test results, including the original copy, to the SO immediately
after they are available. Agree number of report copies with the SO.

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