WHAT WAS THE RECENT NEWS

ABOUT THE FOLLOWING PLACES

HERE ON PHILIPPINES:
• BATAAN
• PAMPANGA
• DAVAO
EARTHQUAKE
 WHAT IS
EARTHQUAKE?
EARTHQUAKE
• It is the trembling or
shaking movement of
earth’s surface.
TECTONIC PLATES
• THESE ARE GIANT MASSES
OF ROCKS THAT MAKE UP
THE LITHOSPHERE.
 DIFFERENT
TECTONIC PLATES
BOUNDARY
• CONVERGENT

• DIVERGENT

• TRANSFORM
CONVERGENT
• Two plates may push toward each other.
• One plate is forced over another plate
during the movement and thus creating a
thrust fault.
DIVERGENT
• Two plates pull away from each other.
• Plates are forced apart each other
usually forming a Rift Zone.
TRANSFORM
• Two plates may slip past each other.
• It is also known as Strike Slip.
FAULT
• It is a break or discontinuity on
the surface of a rock due to the
sliding and movement of the
rocks.
• It is located along tectonic plate
boundaries.
Active Fault
• If there has been any movement
observed during the last 10,000 years.

Inactive Fault
• If the move along the active faults at
one time.
• No longer move during the last 10,000
years.
• The strength of earthquakes
depends on type of
movement of the blocks and
the resulting faults.
–Dip-slip fault
• Normal
• reverse
–Strike-slip fault
DIP-SLIP FAULT
• Faults are inclined fractures where
the blocks shifted vertically.
• Types of Dip-slip Fault:
–Normal fault
–Reverse fault
Normal Fault
• It is created when two plates are
pulled away from each other by
tensile forces.
• This type of fault produces weak
and shallow earthquake.
Reverse Fault
• It is created when two plates are
pushed together by compression
forces.
• It produces strong and deep
earthquakes.
STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
• It is created when the blocks of
rocks slide horizontally past
each other, moving in opposite
directions.
• It produces moderate and
shallow earthquakes.
STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
SEISMIC WAVES
SEISMIC WAVES
• It carry energy and travel
through the surface and
the interior of Earth.
TYPES OF
SEISMIC
WAVE
• PRIMARY WAVES
• SECONDARY WAVES
• SURFACE WAVES
PRIMARY WAVES (P)
• They are the first to be detected and
recorded during an earthquake.
• The particles of the medium move
back and forth parallel to the
direction of wave propagation.
PRIMARY WAVES (P)
SECONDARY WAVES (S)
• It arrives after P waves.
• They travel through Earth’s interior
at about half the speed of P waves.
• The particles of the medium move
at a right angle to the direction of
wave propagation.
SECONDARY WAVES (S)
SURFACE WAVES
• It travels through Earth’s surface,
not through its interior.
• They cause the largest ground
movements and cause the most
damage and destruction.
• Types of surface waves:
– Love wave
– Rayleigh wave
Love Wave
• Named after Augustus Edward
Hough Love, British
mathematician who formulated a
mathematical model of the wave.
• It moves from side to side.
• It produces entirely horizontal
motion.
Love Wave
Rayleigh Wave
• Named after John William Strutt,
3rd Baron Rayleigh, an English
physical Scientist, who predicted
the existence of wave in 1885.
• It rolls and moves the ground up
and down, side to side at the same
time.
MEASUREMENT
OF SEISMIC
WAVES
 SEISMOGRAM
• Instrument that used constantly
record ground movements
which are produced by the
seismic waves.
SEISMOGRAPH
• A graph that provides data used
to find an earthquakes
epicenter.
TRIANGULATION METHOD
• It is used to locate the epicenter of an
earthquake.
• It tells the distance of the epicenter from the
location of a station that records the
earthquake.
• The point where the all the circles intersect is
the location of the epicenter.