UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture

Design and Calculation

of Cable-Stayed Bridge

Diploma Thesis

Ana Spasojević
 Task

Design a pedestrian concrete bridge over the river

Nišava in Niš, according to the conditions defined by:
– cross section of the regulated river channel (waterways)
– site plan (location plan)
– technical solution for the bridge substructure
„ Technical data:
– span of the bridge: 70.0 m
– available deck width: 4.0 m
– free height above the flood flow: 0.70 m
– installations on the bridge: electrical installations for bridge
illumination
– material of the deck: reinforced concrete, prestressed

2
 Content of the presentation
„ Task
„ General data of the bridge
„ Description of bridge structures
– superstructure:
„ girder
„ pylon
„ stay cables
– substructure

„ Analysis of bridge structures

– static analysis
– dynamic analysis

„ Some details
– reinforcement plans
– assemblage of main girder

3
 General data of the bridge
„ According to the given conditions and the accepted concept of precast
superstructures the bridge is designed as a cable-stayed beam, with
two spans 14.0+56.0=70.0 m
„ The superstructure of the bridge consist of: prestressed concrete deck
with 3+2x3 stay cables and one pylon placed on the left river flood plan.
„ Finished road level is set low in the bridge zone; to respect the conditions
of free opening above the flood flow, the designed solution has small
constant height of the deck: 77.0 cm between the finished road level to
the bottom surface of the structure.
„ The bridge is of constant height along the whole span

Desna obala
197.450
Leva obala 196.300
195.600 195.60

193.200 193.125 193.125

M .V. 190.525
190.025

4
 General data of the bridge
view of the bridge: upstream side

Desna obala
197.450
Leva obala 196.300
195.600 195.60

193.200 193.125 193.125

M .V. 190.525
190.025

„ Beside the functionality, strict vibration’s and stability conditions, the

aesthetic appeal of the bridge was important design constraint.
„ Finished road level is straight and inclined longitudinally towards the
left river bank (i=1.37%)

5
 General data of the bridge
plan of the bridge

TOK
197.45

9
197.35

25
2%
9

420
197.31
10
10

2%
330
6
197.11

25
1400

25
25
8
196.86
1400

420
520
1400
1.375 %

25
7660
6
196.39
25
175
350 1400
196.30
350
175

1400

330

„ The center line of the bridge is straight, while the center line of the
river flow in the bridge zone has curvature of 400.0 m in radius, and
intersects the center line of the bridge almost perpendicularly.
„ The deck width is 4.2 m, with both side lateral inclination of 2.0 %
from the center line
„ Free profile is 2x2.0/2.5 m along the whole span - passing beside the
pylon or stay cables. 6
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: girder

„ Spanning structure:
– prestressed concrete girder (C 45), boxed cross section.
– formed of precaste segments, 14.0 m of length.
– the height of the girder is constant along the span, with 73.0 cm in
the center line, and 68.5 cm form the bottom edge of corona to the
bottom surface of girder (intrados)
215.119

D esna obala
197.319 197.359
197.116
L eva obala 196.589 196.868
196.396

195.600 196.549 196.589 195.60

196.346
195.819 196.098
195.000 195.619 V. V .195.00
195.626

193.200 193.125 193.125 193.200

192.525 192.525 192.313
Nasuto tlo Nasuto tlo
192.219

190.500 NPV 190.419 M .V .190.525

190.025

Peskoviti {ljunak

186.700
2 x HW O120
/ Laporovita glina 2 x HW O100
/
l= 22.0 m l= 10.0 m
Zaglinjeni pesak

330 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 330

7000

7
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: girder

beton in situ montazni nosac N1 b. in situ montazni nosac N2 b. in situ montazni nosac N3 b. in situ montazni nosac N4 b. in situ montazni nosac N5
420 985 130 1225 80 1320 80 1320 80 1485
nepokretna lezista
pokretna lezista pokretna lezista
40

25
16
60 115 115 60
260

200
16 16 16

25
16
600

292

460
25

200
16
260 40

100 100 75 75
230 5565 6555 230 230 10 8030120 230 230 10 8030120 230 230 10 8030 150 200
120 120 120 120 120 120 120
70 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 70
70 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 70
7000

– The part of the girder at the left pier, 0.7+3.5 m long, is cast-in-
situ solid deck.

– The cross section of the girder is of shape of trapezium, consisting

of two chambers, bordered by the upper deck, two side ribs and
one middle rib (in the center line of the bridge).
8
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: girder
„ Section in the support zone
„ Cross sections of the girder :

„ section in the span 2% 2%

„ Section in the pylon zone

2% 2%

2% 2%

9
 Description of structures
superstructure: girder

215.119

Desna obala
197.319 197.359
197.116
Leva obala 196.589 196.868
196.396

195.600 196.549 196.589 195.60

196.346
195.819 196.098
195.000 195.619 V. V.195.00
195.626

193.200 193.125 193.125 193.200

192.525 192.525 192.313
Nasuto tlo Nasuto tlo
192.219

190.500 NPV 190.419 M .V .190.525

190.025

Peskoviti {ljunak

186.700
2 x H W O120
/ Laporovita glina 2 x H W O100
/
l= 22 0 m l= 10 0 m

„ Transversal girders:
„ main stiffener plates in the load bearing zones are 240 cm width.
„ secondary stiffeners, in the main span, are 16 cm width
„ Bearing pads:
„ Fixed end bearings are placed on the left shore pier, designed as prestressed
linear hinges (pin joints)
„ Free end bearings (in direction of bridge’s center line) are placed
– on the foundation pier of the pylon - elastomer, type NALb 200/250/41
10
– on the right shore pier - elastomer, type NALb 200/250/107
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: girder prestressing

„ After assemblage of the parts of main girder, the girder is made longitudinally
continual by means of longitudinal prestressing of cables:

2% 2%
2% 2%
2% 2%

2% 2%

2% 2%

11
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: girder prestressing

Cross section of
the main girder
in IV i V field

2% 2%

2% 2%

12
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: girder prestressing

„ Anchorage
zone at left
shore pier
2% 2%
2% 2%

„ Anchorage
zone at right
shore pier
2% 2%

13
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: pylon

215.119

Desna obala
197.319 197.359
197.116
Leva obala 196.396 196.589 196.868

195.600 196.549 196.589 195.60

196.346
195.819 196.098
195.000 195.619 V. V .195.00
195.626

193.200 193.125 193.125 193.200

192.525 192.525 192.313
Nasuto tlo Nasuto tlo
192.219

190.500 NPV 190.419 M .V .190.525

190.025

Peskoviti {ljunak

186.700
2 x H W O120
/ L aporovita glina 2 x HW O100
/
l= 22.0 m l= 10.0 m
Z aglinjeni pesak

330 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 330

7000

„ Central concrete pier, (concrete grade 30), is placed 14 m on the left from the left
abutment
„ The pylon height (measured from footing to the top) is 19.5 m
„ The pylon relies on the foundation pier, dimensions b/d/h = 140/ 400 /340 cm which
relies on pile helmet (cushion head); piles are φ1200 mm in diameter, l=22.0 m 14
(2HW drilled-in piles)
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: pylon

80 80

First 1.5 m of pylon height the cross

215.119
„
section of square shape, solid
concrete,

600
„ following 10.5 m the cross section is
voided and mould, 120 x 120 cm,

150
„ next 1.5 m – the transition to the
pylon head (solid mould cross
section)

1950
„ head of pylon - solid mould cross

M B 30
section 160.0 x 160.0 cm

1200
560
220 60 60 220

196.589
195.819

20 77
195.619 70 130 130 70

340
M B 30
100 200 200 100

520
192.525

192.219

180
M B 30
190.419

15 60 60 165 165 60 60 15
600

15
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: stay cables

Desna obala
197.450
Leva obala
196.300
195.600 195.60

193.200 193.125 193.125

M .V. 190.525
190.025

„ Three pairs of cables are placed between the left shore pier and the
pylon, and they are bonded to the girder in the zone of bearing
„ Between the pylon and the right shore pier three cables are placed, in the
center line of the bridge. They are bonded to the girder at the main cross
girders

„ Stay cables are designed for the Freyssinet prestressing system

16
Description of bridge structures
superstructure: stay cables, type Freyssinet

17
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: stay cables

„ Anchorage types : DETALJ ANKEROVANJA KA BLOVA TI PA 12 H

TI P PODESAVA JU CI H KOTVI 12 HDE 15 R
– the cables are anchored in the
girder at the zone of main ' = 50.485
1
'
3
'
2
'
1

transversal girders, transferring

' 2 = 51.017

20
'
12
.5
3 = 51.463 K 3' K 2' K 1'
force by adjustable anchorage
– anchorages at the pylon are

0
15
22
70 20
40 30 20

fixed.

30
30

30

50
70

40
20

40

10
M ETA LNA M A SKA
5 65 35 65 35 65
70 100 100

α3 =21.812

DETA LJ A NKEROV A NJA KA BLA K1

α3 =51.463 1 TI P KA BLA 19 H
α2 =28.969
TI P PODESA V A JUCE KOTVE 19 HDE 15 R
14

20
α2 =51.017

17
1 = 45.392

0
.5
24
α1 =45.392

19 4
α1 =50.485
31.5

5
35

50
73
38
41.5

24
16

M ETA LNA M A SKA

10 80 30 5 80
120 120
18
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: stay cables

Details of adjustable anchorage

DETA LJ ANKEROV ANJA KA BLA K2 DETA LJ A NKEROV A NJA KA BLA K3

TI P KABLA 19 H TI P KA BLA 19 H
TI P PODESA VA JU CE KOTVE 19 HDE 15 R TI P PODESA VA JU CE KOTVE 19 HDE 15 R
2
3
20
2 = 28.969
20
14

3 = 21.812

14
170
170
5
24.

24.5
5

19 4
19 4

5
50

31.5
31.5

50

35
35

73
73

38
38

24
24

41.5
41.5

16
16

10
10 80 30 15 115 10 80 30 25 145
120 130
120 120

19
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: stay cables design

„ The criteria considered for structural design of stay cables:

 ULS: load bearing capacity (maximal tensile force)
 SLS: deformation of spanning structure

 SLS and ULS: deformation and stability of pylon

 building and assemblage ability of structural segments

 possibility of replacing one cable

 the verification of the fatigue strength is not necessary done for

pedestrian bridges, according to EUROCODE-2, appendix 107-cable-
stayed bridges
„ Ultimate limit state is defined following EUROCODE-2, with safety factor γs=1.50
for nominal tensioning stress for prestressing steel
„ Serviceability limit state is defined following EUROCODE-2, for frequent
constellations of loads, so that the tensile stress in cables does not overcome
0.45 fpk

20
 Description of bridge structures
superstructure: stay cables design

„ Prestressing forces inserted into structure by the stay cables, are designed
according to the following constraints :
„ the pylon is kept vertical under action of dead load

„ admissible stress and strain range in structural elements (mainly for

main spanning structure mostly)

„ The prestressing of stay cables is performed following the specific prestressing

program

21
 Description of bridge structures
substructure

„ Substructure of the bridge consists of two shore piers

(abutments), and the foundation of the pylon.

F
196.396
88

195.600
195.000 NV V
195.626

320

320
290

430
193.200

50 50

50 50
192.700
M B 30

190.500 NPV
450

450
600
M B 15

100

186.700 100
F

A
700
185 50 330 50 185
280 100 320
400 400

Presek A -A Presek F-F

PLA N OPLA TE 22
Levog obalnog stuba
Description of bridge structures
substructure
B
380
50 70 5 155 100
25 420 25
197.359

25
68 25

108 20 77
20 30 370 30 20 196.389

20 20 136
C
195.60
430 D 20 80 160 20

408

211

55

300
193.200

50 10
89
192.313
360
280
100 230 100
50 165 165 50
430 100 HW [ ip O100
/
l= 10.0m

A
Presek A -A

380
50 75 155 100
430
30 370 30

25 25
100 2060 80 20 100

200
380

470
430

370
200
Presek C-C

25 25
430

430
30 70 230 70 30
Pogled B-B

PLA N OPLA TE DESNOG

280

OBA LNOG STUBA

380

23
20 80

Presek D-D
430
 Analysis of bridge structures
static analysis

„ Three calculation models have been created to serve static analysis of the
bridge, with element properties according to the building phase

„ calculation model 1 - space frame, (with decomposition of the main girder in three girders)

24
 Analysis of bridge structures
static analysis

„ calculation model 2
- space frame, with
composed main girder

„ calculation model 3
- plane frame

„ model 3 is used for calculation

according to the Second odred
theory
25
 Analysis of bridge structures
static analysis

„ calculation model 1
- geometry of the system

26
 Analysis of bridge structures
static analysis

„ Calculation model 1
- deformation of the
system in the phase
of assembling (F02),
before longitudinal
continuity is done

27
 Analysis of bridge structures
static analysis

„ Calculation model 1
- deformation of the
formed system under
dead load action, in
time t=t0

28
 Analysis of bridge structures
static analysis

„ Calculation model 1
- deformation of the
formed system under
dead load and service
load, in time t=t0

29
 Analysis of bridge structures
dynamic analysis

„ Three calculation models have been designed to serve dynamic

analysis. Continual masses have been represented by system of
discrete masses:

„ calculation model D1 - space frame, with 11 + 6 oscillating masses

30
 Analysis of bridge structures
dynamic analysis

„ calculation model D2
- space frame, composed
main girder with 11 + 6
oscillating masses

„ calculation model D3
- plane frame, 11 + 6
vibrating masses

31
 Analysis of bridge structures
dynamic analysis

„ calculation model D3: modes of vibrations of the structure, vertical direction

„ Natural frequency of principal mode
f=1.026 Hz (Q=G) f=0.868 Hz (Q=G+p)
„ III vibration mode
„ I vibration mode

„ IV vibration mode
„ II vibration mode

32
 Some details...

• reinforcement plans
• assemblage of structures

33
 Reinforcement plans
„ Reinforcement of the pylon

6Rφ25
9Rφ25

Rφ16

1 URφ10/30
3 URφ10/15 2 URφ10/30 34
 Reinforcement plans
„ Reinforcement of the main girder

35
 Reinforcement plans
„ Reinforcement of the main girder

36
 Assembling of main girder
[ EM A TSKI PRIKA Z JA RM A
Popre~ni presek

„ For the accepted concept of

precast building, during the
phase of assemblage the
girder relies on the temporary
bearings - yokes

h= promenljivo (1500)
Hidrauli~ka
presa

Radna platforma

h= promenljivo (5900)
2900
Cev O193
/

1500
190.025

Cev O400
/
Dubina zabijanja {ipa
min. 5.0m
2500
37
 Assembling of main girder

[ EM A TSKI PRIKA Z JARM A [ EM A TSKI PRI KA Z JARM A

Faza utezanja poduznih kablova i
Faza betoniranja spoja montaznih nosaca
Faza utezanja kosih kablova-zatega
Podu` ni presek Podu` ni presek

h= promenljivo (1500)
h= promenljivo (1500)
H idrauli~ka H idrauli~ka
presa
presa

Radna platforma
Radna platforma

h= promenljivo (5900)
h= promenljivo (5900)

2900
2900

Cev O193
/
Cev O193
/

1500
1500

190.025
190.025

Cev O400
/
Cev O400
/ Dubina zabijanja {ipa
Dubina zabijanja {ipa min. 5.0m
min. 5.0m
2000
2000 38
 Pedestrian bridge over the river Nišava in Niš

Desna obala
197.450
Leva obala
196.300
195.600 195.60

193.200 193.125 193.125

M .V. 190.525
190.025

TOK 197.45

197.359

25
2%
9

420
197.31
10
10

2%
330
6
197.11

25
1400
25
25

196.868
1400
420
520

1400
1.375 %
25

7660
6
196.39
25

175
350 1400
196.30
350
175

1400

330
39