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ZIGBEE Based Time and Energy Efficient Smart Parking System using IOT

Conference Paper · November 2018

DOI: 10.1109/MMS.2018.8611810

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 ZIGBEE Based Time and Energy Efficient
Smart Parking System using IOT
Zakria Qadir Fadi Al-Turjman Muazzam A. Khan Tayfun Nesimoglu,
SEES Department of Comp. School of Electrical Member, IEEE
Middle East Technical Engineering Engineering and Computer Department of Electrical
University - Northern Antalya Bilim University Science and Electronics
Cyprus Campus Turkey National University of Engineering
Kalkanli, Guzelyurt, Fadi.alturjman@antalya.edu.tr Science and Technology Middle East Technical
TRNC Mersin 10, Pakistan University - Northern
Turkey muazzamak@ce.ceme.edu.pk Cyprus Campus
qadir.zakria@metu.edu.tr Kalkanli, Guzelyurt,
TRNC Mersin 10, Turkey
ntayfun@metu.edu.tr

ZigBee is a low power device and last for years only on

Abstract—The need of this era is a fully automated vehicle
parking system using IOT. The real time notification is
made possible by integrating a Micro-controller (Arduino)
with a wireless communication system (ZigBee) and is feed
to the driver via a smart phone. This technique provides a
time and energy efficient way to communicate information
between sender and receiver. Additionally, this efficient
system provides a better monitoring and control
application for shopping malls, restaurants, offices and
hospitals. In severe cases, this system will also update
crowd capacity information to ambulance service, so that
they could easily tackle the situation by adopting the less
crowded area towards hospital. The comparison between
experimental results of ZigBee with other popular wireless
technologies such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth show that it is
more energy efficient. GSM module notifies the driver
about the current location of empty parking spaces via
SMS or software application. The IR sensors embedded
in the parking lots provide the real time scenario to user
with all possible details and allowing the easy access to
parking lots available, ensuring minimal human
interaction.
Keywords—Internet of Things(IOT); microcontroller;
Arduino; ZigBee; IR Sensors; GSM; energy efficient.
I. INTRODUCTION
The main aim of this paper is to provide
communication between different devices with fewer
time lags and low power consumption. A simple mobile
device used for controlling the basic functionality with
the easy access of internet, it can be easily operable in
any part of the world. Arduino software is used for
programming and Proteus software to integrate sensors
and motors with it. Many studies have been done so far
on parking systems, but this paper come up with a novel
idea to provide more efficient way of parking by sharing
the real time scenario of availability of nearby parking
lots. Also, where patients have to be transported
immediately to hospital for emergency life support. At
that situation it becomes quite challenging for both the
patient and driver to make it in-time [1].
a single battery. This technology uses IEEE standard
802.15.4 with an indoor range of 40m while an outdoor
range of 120m which is much more than Bluetooth and Wi-
Fi [2]. In this smart parking model, mesh topology is used
as every router node is connected with the main coordinator
except the end nodes, as they don’t communicate directly.
Main purpose of Mesh network is that if one of the links
fails, it does not paralyze the whole network, they will
communicate without interruption [3].
ZigBee technology is one of the best to be used as
compared to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth because it has the unique
quality of self-routing and self-healing. It monitors and
controls real time applications which provide ease for
driver to get a nearby parking lot, reducing the number of
accidents and improving vehicle security.
II. SYSTEM MODEL
A. ZigBee Architecture
ZigBee uses 16 channels and an address line of 16 bits
which creates 65536 nodes in a network for
communication. Primary function of ZigBee is to control
and monitor device during wireless communication. The
ZigBee standard provides Application interface, Security
and network support services on top of Medium Access
Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) as shown in
Figure1.
)LJ ZigBee Architecture

978-1-5386-7132-0/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE 295

 MAC layer refers to the data acknowledgment, that devices which have the 16-bit address [9]. It makes
transmission retries and collision avoidance techniques ZigBee more reliable and prevent data from being
to manage between neighboring devices [4, 5]. Physical manipulated. While, in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth data is not
layer refers to the power consumption, Transmission secured at all and can be manipulated easily [10].
rate, number of channels and operating frequency.
Where most of the ZigBee uses 2.4 GHz of operating Primary advantage of ZigBee is that it will track and
frequency and 250Kbps of data rate [6]. These two identify network automatically. If at first it couldn’t get
layers are used to create Personal Area Network ID access to the 16- bit address it will try to discover it again
(PAN-ID); each ZigBee network must share the same and then transmit the routed data, this self-routing is a
16-bit PAN IDs and help in transmitting, addressing and unique feature of ZigBee technology [11]. If any network
routing of data within the network. has the same address it will transmit the data otherwise it
will discard it.
B. Performance Parameter of ZigBee
B. Design of Smart Parking System(SPS) using ZigBee
ZigBee Technology is less expensive and simpler as and GSM
compared to other wireless personal area networks like
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Comparison of different The wireless smart parking model comprise of two
parameters between these technologies can be seen in main components; one is Arduino interfacing circuit while
Table I. other is a digital transceiver module as shown in Figure .
TABLE I. Arduino kit interfaces with several electrical
Comparison between ZigBee, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth components to perform any kind of operation like other
Performance microcontrollers. Programming an Arduino board is
Ref Performan ZigBee Wi-Fi Bluetooth relatively much easier than the old microcontroller as
ce it receives and sends data digitally. It provides a link
[7] Working 2.4 GHz, 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz between ZigBee, servo motor, IR Sensors, LEDs and LCD.
Frequency 868/915
MHz
[13] Communica 10-100 m 100 m 10 m
tion
Range
[7] Operating 3 3.3 1.8
Voltage(Vol
ts)
[10] Data Rate 250 Kbps 54 Mbps 1 Mbps
[13] IEEE 802.15.4 802.15.1 802.11
Standard a,b,g
[7] Battery 100 to 1 to 7 1 to 5
>1000
Life(days)
[6] Max 65536 32 8
Network
Nodes
[9] Wake-up 30ms 3s 10s
time
[12] Application Monitoring Web, Cable
& Email,
Replaceme
Controlling Video nt
)LJ Block Diagram of SPS

Key Features of ZigBee technology are fault
Tolerance, self-healing and self-routing. It supports
mesh networking and 65,536 unique network addresses
are available for communication. Also supports peer to
peer, point to point and point to multipoint topology [7,
8].
III. METHODOLOGY SEQUENCE
A. Transmission Mode Sequence of ZigBee
Data transmission of ZigBee is different from Wi-Fi
and Bluetooth. As it uses unique ID for communication,
so the data can be transmitted and received just between
GSM module is also integrated and is used in GPRS
mode as it uses higher data rates up to 172 Kbps while
simple GSM is voice centric so has low data rates. Unlike
GSM which uses circuit switching, GPRS uses packet
switching in line with internet and it provides “Always On”
facility [12].
1) ZigBee Device: It works as a transceiver, so it
collects data from IR sensor according to its state whether
on or off and sends it to the main base station.
2) Servo Motor: The barrier at the entrance of the
parking lot will move either in clockwise or anti-clockwise

296
direction in order to allow the driver to park his car in as an output pin. As any of the digital signal comes from
the available slot. the IR Sensor, Arduino board is programmed so to drive
the servo motor accordingly.
3) LCD: The available parking lot will be
displayed on the LCD so it will take less time for driver A. When Parking space is Available
to identify and park his vehicle. When IR Sensor senses no vehicle in the parking
4) IR Sensor: For finding the available parking space, the digital input signal (1) will be fed to the Arduino
space IR sensors has been deployed and they will sense UNO board which in return glows the green signal for the
the presence and absence of vehicle. driver indicating that there is a vacant space. Moreover,
displays the available parking lot on the LCD and rotating
5) GSM Modem: This module is basically the barrier attached to servo motor anticlockwise (900),
installed in the base station, the main idea is to update allowing the driver to park the vehicle as shown in Figure
the driver of his vehicle location when it’s been lost and .
also send him SMS for the parking fare.
C. Modeling of Smart Parking System
The modeling of our smart parking system can be
seen in below Figure , where Arduino UNO board is
interfaced with ZigBee, IR sensor and servo motor. Both
of the ZigBee’s work in Transceiver mode. The request
message is sent using smart phone via a parking
application. It can send signal in three different modes,
mainly ZigBee, Wi-Fi and GSM.

)LJ Simulation for Available Parking Space

B. When Parking space is Occupied

This scenario is opposite to the previous one. When
IR Sensor senses a vehicle in the parking space, the digital
input signal (0) will be fed to the Arduino UNO Board
which in return glows the red signal for the driver
indicating that there is no vacant space. Moreover, displays
the occupied parking lot on the LCD and rotate the barrier
attached to servo motor clockwise (00) means back to the
initial position, not allowing the driver to park as shown in
Figure .

)LJ Modeling of Smart Parking System

IV. SIMULATION AND RESULTS

Proteus software is used as a simulation
environment as it is more convenient to assemble
(interface) all the electronics components on a single
platform. IR Sensor will detect any vehicle presence in
the parking lot and send signal digitally either True (1)
or False (0) to the input pin no.3 of Arduino Uno which
is an Interrupt pin. The servo motor is attached to the
2nd pin of Arduino board which is declared in the code )LJ Simulation for Occupied Parking Space

297
 C. Comparison Between Power Consumption and
Communication Range
Three of these technologies ZigBee, Wi-Fi and [1] International
Bluetooth are commonly used for short range
communication [13]. The comparison between its
standardized communication range and power
consumption is illustrated in Figure . For a ZigBee of [2] Vishwanath Y1, Aishwarya D Kuchalli2, Debarupa Rakshit3
100m range, the power consumption is about 37mW
which is much less as compared to Wi-Fi having the
same communication range but consumes 835mW of [3] “Smart Car Parking System Based on IoT Concept”, by Vrushali D.
power. However, Bluetooth range is much less than all
others that is 10m and uses only 10mW of power for
communication.
)LJ Communication Range and Power
Consumption
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
In this paper, it is shown that the time and energy
efficiency of ZigBee technology outperforms both the
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth communication technologies. It
provides a new technique to eliminate old parking
system where one has to wait in a long queue.
Moreover, leading towards an environmental friendly
community by reducing CO2 Emissions and providing
better public service. The energy consumption in
ZigBee is 50% less as compared to that in Wi-Fi.
Additionally, GSM modem is used to inform drivers
about the location of their car if it gets theft. Provides
more efficient way where patients have to be
transported immediately towards hospitals.
In future works, we can interface camera with the
Arduino Uno board and place that at the entrance of
every parking area. This enables the camera to capture
image of the vehicle's number plate and search for the
real vehicle owner’s name, in case of emergency and
can be easily traceable if it gets theft.
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