CRITICAL BOOK REPORT

"GEOGRAFI ENGLISH"

BY: Nina Novira, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D.

NAME: ASTUTY LABORA PURBA

NIM: 3183331001

CLASS: A REGULAR 2018

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION

FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

MEDAN STATE UNIVERSITY

2019
 PREFACE

Praise and thank the authors say the presence of God Almighty for His blessings and grace so
that I can complete the writing of this Critical Book Report paper that aims to fulfill the task of
interpretation courses and map analysis.

In writing this paper is still far from perfection, both in terms of content and systematic writing.
As the saying goes 'there is no ivory that is not cracked', because of that the authors really expect
constructive criticism and suggestions for the perfection of this paper.

Hopefully this paper is useful for all readers, finally the authors say so and thank you.

Medan, September 2019

Author
 CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

A. Bibliogarafi Main Book Information

Title of book: Cartography

Book Author: Prof. Darmono, M.Ed

-Mahara, S.T., M.Sc

-Rohani, S.Pd., M.Sc

ISBN: -

Publisher: Unimed Press

Year of Publication: 2018

Print order: -

Book Dimensions: 14.5 cm X 21 cm

Book Thickness: 116 p

B. Bibliogarafi Information Comparative Book

Book title: Basic Cartography

Book Author: Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati

ISBN: 978-602-258-203-8

Publisher: Yogyakarta: Waves, 2014

Year of Publication: 2014

Book Dimensions: -

Book Thickness: 131 page

 CHAPTER II

CRITICAL BOOK REPORT DISCUSSION

1. SUMMARY OF THE MAIN BOOK

CHAPTER 1 HISTORY OF CHARTOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT

Perpetaan has experienced rapid development, especially in the late 20th century. A complete
map of the earth with color symbols showing mineral sources, vegetation and climate conditions
can now be made by space satellites made in the United States and the Soviet Union.

Perpetaan began to be known since humans can not or do not understand the writings. This is
proven if we go to an area where the population does not understand how to read and write if we
ask about the location of a place.

The history of cartography from ancient times can be seen in various nations, including:

a. Map of Coastal Populations

The inhabitants of the Marshall Islands made maps using sticks. The sticks are tied together so
that they form a framework. The sticks are tied perpendicular to the others.

b. Map of Eskimos

The map of the Eskimos is not too different from the curves of our present-day seamen. Many
curves and shapes have shown the existence of accuracy and accuracy with the aim of
practicality and usability.

c. Map of Indians (Asteck)

The map made by the Astecks, although very interesting and many uses, but its depiction has a
size larger than that made by Eskimos. The topography is detailed in a naturalistic way so that
the map is full of decorative images.

d. Map of the Babylonians

The map is drawn on clay scrap which is then burned so that it is shaped like a flat tablet. The
Babylonians illustrated by using measurements: the width of the fingers as the smallest unitary
distance, 24 finger widths equal to 1 elo, the area of right angles and trapezoid triangles are used
to determine area, and the basis for calculating the unitary number 12.

e. Map of the Egyptians

The depiction of the map starts from the valley of the Nile, with careful measurements. The
development of the Egyptian perpetuation was due to the importance of tax collection by
measuring land for the purpose of registering the king's property since the time of the Pharaoh.
Egypt is divided into parts that form an equally broad perception.

f. Map of the Chinese Nation

Perpetaan was known before the white people set foot in this area. Chinese map uses the
practicality of symbols and legends. The map in the Pei hsiu period covers the interior of Persia /
Iran to the sea of Japan.

g. Map of the Greeks

The Greeks determined that the earth was round, with poles and equator lines. Besides that, the
Greek map has been able to create and determine polar regions, equator and tropic regions,
determine meridian and parallel line systems, use projections, and calculate the size of the earth.

CHAPTER II CLASSIFICATION OF MAP

Types of maps

1. Map based on content - information

2. General Map (Overview Map) is a map that illustrates everything that exists in an area. on the
General map there are rivers, roads, rice fields, railway tracks, etc.

• Topographic maps, ie large-scale general maps (1: 50,000), narrowly defined areas,
phenomenons that are very detailed.

• Chorographic Map, which is a medium-scale map, containing the appearance of the vast
surface of the earth.

• Geographic maps, i.e. general small-scale maps, inexact appearance, —example, world maps

2. Special Maps or Thematic Maps, are maps that describe certain features of the earth's surface.
- examples, population density maps, agricultural maps, maps of livestock populations, maps of
flood-prone areas

Map based on Map Scale

Maps based on scale are distinguished as follows.

• Cadastral map, scale 1: 100 - <1: 5,000. —Example map on land certificate / certificate

• Large scale map, scale 1: 5,000 - <1: 250,000. narrowly drawn areas, - for example, maps of
kelurahan, kecamatan, kabupaten
• Medium scale map, scale 1: 250,000 - <1: 500,000. —Example map of the province,

• Small scale map, scale 1: 500,000 - <1: 1,000,000. —Example map of country

• Geographic scale map, scale> 1: 1,000,000. —Example maps of countries, groups of countries,
world

Map Based on mapped objects

• Static maps, i.e. maps depicting relatively fixed conditions, rarely changing, —example,
administrative maps, geological maps, land type maps, village maps, city maps, country maps

• Dinamais map, which is a map that illustrates the dynamic situation, always changing, - for
example, land use map, population density map, transportation map, tourism map

Map based on its shape

• Flat map, which is a map made on a flat surface

• Maps arise, namely maps in the form of three dimensions that describe the surface of the earth
similar to the actual

• Petadigital is a map where all data on the surface of the earth in the form of files (stored on
hard disks, flash disks) are displayed using a monitor screen and a computer.

Various information can be obtained from the map

1. To get information about the location of the object, pay attention to the symbol description on
the map legend and look at the symbol's location on the map. If we have identified the object, for
example a river, look at its location directly on the map.

2. Information about the location of objects can also be seen by using map coordinates. If the
map uses latitude and longitude coordinates, the coordinates provide information about the
latitude and longitude location of the object.

3. To obtain information about the distribution of objects, look directly at the distribution map of
the same symbols.

4. To obtain information about the types of geographic objects that appear on the map, then you
pay attention to the characteristics of the symbol of the object and look at the information in the
map legend.

5. To get information about the size of the object, for example length and area, consider the scale
of the map.
6. To get the direction of the object, pay attention to the orientation of the map or north of the
map and adjust the direction of the object with the orientation of the map.

CHAPTER III TERMS OF MAP

Maps have conditions that can be said to be maps. map conditions as below ..

1). The area ratio on the map with the reality on the ground must be the same

2). The distance between the map and the reality on the ground must be the same.

3). The shape and curve of the map with the reality on the ground must be the same.

Further map requirements that lead to completeness of the map when containing the following
map elements.

1). Map Title

The map must be given a title that reflects the contents as well as the type of map. The title of the
map is generally placed at the top of the map.

2) Map Scale

The scale of the map must be included in drawing the map and placed close to the title of the
map. The scale drawn can be a fractional scale, for example a scale of 1: 100,000 or a graph
scale, for example 4 cm.

3). Map Source and Year of Map Making

The source of the map needs to be included so that the reader knows where the map was
obtained. The year of map making is needed on maps that illustrate easily changing data, for
example maps of agricultural products and maps of population distribution.

4). Map Directions

Saugat direction is important in reading the map because with the direction the reader can know
the direction north, south, west, and east on the map.

5). Inset

Inset is a pointer to the location of the area mapped on its position with the wider surrounding
area. For example, we draw a map of the Surakarta area. To find out where the area is, in the
lower corner or in an empty spot we make a smaller map of Central Java. After that, we put the
Surakarta area inside it according to its actual position. The purpose of providing insets is to
clarify one part of the map and show important locations, but it is not clear on the map.

6). Map Outline

2. COMPARISON BOOK SUMMARY

CHAPTER I HISTORY OF CHARTOGRAPHY

Cartography comes from Greek, which is karto = carto which means surface and grafi which
means picture / shape, cartography = surface picture. So it means that cartography is the science
of making maps. The meaning of cartography is fundamentally changed since 1960.
Cartography, which was only defined as map making, is currently defined as delivering
geospacial information in the form of maps. This is due to the fact that cartography has been
grouped in communication science and the presence of computer technology.

CHAPTER II MAP, ATLAS AND GLOBE

Definition of Map

A map is a picture of part or all of the region on the surface of the earth with various appearances
on a flat plane that is reduced using a certain scale.

The study of maps is called cartography. Whereas experts make maps called Cartographers.

Elements in Maps:

1. Map Title

2. Map Scale

3. Directions (wind direction)

4. Map outlines

5. Astronomical Lines (Longitude and Latitude)

6. Map Symbols

7. Map of Inset

8. Legend

9. Lettering

10. Map Resources

11. Year of Map Making

Understanding Atlas
An Atlas is a collection of maps that are designed to be stored in volumes (books) or in a loose
state, but collected together, or to make it easier for Atlas to be recorded. Atlas can be
distinguished by region, destination, and contents.

Definition of Globe

Globe is an artificial model of the globe that gives an idea of the shape of the earth so that it
approaches the actual shape.

Meanwhile the benefits of the Globe are as follows:

- Can be used to know that the earth is round

- Can be used to determine the occurrence of solar and lunar eclipses

- Can be used to find out the rotation of the earth, including knowing day and night

- Can be used for astronomical lines ie longitude to find out the time difference and latitude to
find out the difference in climate

CHAPTER III MAP COMPONENTS

1. Map Title

The title of the map is a supporting element in the map which is very important and serves to
convey the information contained in the map to its readers. Before reading a map, the reader will
first see the title of the map. This title is usually placed at the very top of a map.

2. Outline of the Map

An outline is a line that has a function as a room divider on the map. This one line can make it
easier for us if we are going to make an island, region, or city so that the image can be right in
the middle. The general shape of this border is a rectangle, and is usually made in duplicate with
the aim to clarify the lines we make.

3. Astronomical Lines

Astronomical lines are one component of the map that has a function to find out the absolute
position of an object on the main map. The line is divided into two namely latitude and
longitude. Astronomical lines on a map are usually marked by dashed lines that intersect the
margins.

4. Direction of the Wind or Orientation

Components or supporting elements of a map that has a form of an arrow that usually indicates
the orientation of the North. The direction of the compass is very important because it is a
pointer to the direction of the eight cardinal directions, namely East, Southeast, South,
Southwest, West, Northwest, North and Northeast. The orientation of the compass direction is
flexible because it can be placed anywhere with the condition that it does not interfere with other
map components. Note that it needs to be underlined that the orientation of the compass does not
always head north, but can go both west and south.

5. Inset

Inset or we usually call it a small map is a pointer to the position of the area depicted on the map
in its current position with a wider surrounding area. Inset is usually placed on the left, right, or
there is also located at the bottom of the map close to the outline. The main purpose of this inset
is none other than to help clarify one part of the map. In addition, the inset also serves to indicate
an important location on a map.

6. Map Scale

The map scale consists of a number that functions to compare the actual distance in the field with
the distance on the map. This scale is usually located right at the bottom of the map title. This
supporting element is a vital element because it can help the reader to know the actual distance
and area of the field. For example, there is a scale of 1: 100,000, this scale means that 1 cm on
the map represents 100,000 cm in the field.

7. Map Symbols

The map symbol is a sign or usually in the form of a picture symbolizing the shape of the natural
appearance that is on the map. These symbols are divided into 3 types, namely the line symbol,
the point symbol, and the area symbol.

Point symbol

The point symbol on the map usually functions to represent a place. For example the dot symbol
to represent a city, a mountain, and many other place objects.

Line symbols

Unlike the dot symbol that represents a place, this line symbol is a map component that serves to
represent a geographical data that is very closely related to distance. For example, rivers, roads,
rails, and boundaries of an area with other regions on the map are symbolized by using a line
symbol.

Area symbol
The area symbol on a map is usually used to represent a certain area. For example, desert areas,
swamps, lakes, forests, and much more.

8. Legend

Legend is one of the supporting elements in the map that we often find in a city and is located
next to a corner. This legend is often dubbed as information. Because the map is an information
regarding an area and usually contained in the form of images and symbols, therefore this legend
is very necessary to help the reader in understanding the images and symbols contained in a map.

Legends are usually written concisely and clearly with the aim of being easily understood by
readers. Often we find this legend located in the lower corner. But keep in mind that not all types
of maps put this legend in the bottom corner of the map. The legend can also be placed in other
places which if not disturb the appearance on the map so that the map still looks neat and
interesting.

9. Source and Year of Map Making

Supporting elements or commonly referred to as map components hereinafter is the source and
year of map making. The supporting elements of this map are very important in a map, and even
become a mandatory component that must be included in making maps. The source of the year
of making this map has a very important function regarding the reliability of a map.

Maybe there are many questions that flow why do the source and year of manufacture on a map
must be included? This was done because theember and year of making this map were used as a
guide to the data used in a mapping that aims to provide a certain and accurate presentation of
information.

In the year of making a map, this function is to provide information to the reader about when the
map was made. A map that has good quality is a map that is still new in its making. The new
map will present all the information that is still up to date and complete so that it is suitable for
current conditions.

10. Map Color

In the map there must be a number of different colors. The color has a function to distinguish an
object of natural appearance or surface contour in each area. The color is very necessary in a map
as one of the map symbols and shows the quality of a map that can be seen in terms of aesthetics.
The color symbols on this map have 8 color variants, namely:

11. Lettering Type

Lettering or commonly referred to as a map writing system has its own standard rules that
distinguish it from other geographic objects that are usually displayed on a map. This lettering
also serves to clarify the meanings of the symbols that are available. The use of this lettering has
2 types namely:

- Hydrographic objects are usually written in italics, for example in the Java Sea

- Hipsographic objects that are often printed using upright letters, for example is Surakarta.

12. Latitude and Longitude

Latitude is a line found on a map that runs from west to east or vice versa. While longitude is a
line that runs from south to north and vice versa.
 CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION

1. EXCESS OF MAIN BOOKS AND COMPARISON BOOKS

MAIN BOOKS:

- This book is very motivating for anyone who reads it, in this book we understand in the basic
lessons of cartography

- Complete content structure and complete with tables in explaining the contents of the book that
can facilitate the reader in understanding the contents of the book.

COMPARISON BOOK:

- This book is able to provide a theory of basic cartographic learning that discusses the initial
material from perpetaan

2. LACK OF MAIN AND COMPARATIVE BOOKS

MAIN BOOKS:

- The structure of language is imperfect so that it can lead to ambiguous interpretation or doubt

COMPARISON BOOK:

- The quality of paper is poor, so it can be damaged.

 CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 CONCLUSION

Cartography is the study and practice of making maps or globes. Maps have traditionally been
made using maps and paper, but the rise and spread of computers has revolutionized cartography.
Cartography is also the study of how to make maps with good aesthetic value and mixed with art
on how to present maps so that they are easy to read and understand.

4.2 SUGGESTIONS

With the creation of this CBR about cartography, it is hoped that readers will know about
cartography and can be useful to readers.
 REFERENCES

Lecturer Team. Cartography.2019. Med: Unimed

Liesnoor, Dewi, et al. Basic Cartography.2014 Yogyakarta: Ombak.