CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW

‘’ English Geography ‘’

 
Supporting lecturer
Nina Novira, S.Si, M.Sc, Ph.D

Arranged by :
NAME : Farhan Pratama Tanjung
NIM : 3183331014
CLASS : A-2018

GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION
FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
MEDAN STATE UNIVERSITIES
2019
 FOREWORD

Praise and gratitude we pray to God Almighty, the abundant blessings we can still feel up
to now, and the grace of his gifts so that the author can complete the task of the course
"English Geography" well and on time. As for the title of the paper the author makes the
Critical Book Review Paper.

The author would like to thank those who have helped in completing the assignment of the
course '' English Geography '' the authors would like to thank Ms. Nina Novira, S.Si, M.Sc,
Ph.D 'for providing the opportunity to me in completing my English Geography course. And
the author also thanks a lot for the help of colleagues in compiling the Critical Book Review
papers on English Geography.

The author realizes that in compiling this paper is not perfect, both in terms of preparation,
discussion, or writing. Therefore, the writer expects constructive criticism and suggestions so
that the writer can improve the results of the Critical Book Review paper course in English
Geography i ''. Hopefully this paper can provide broader insights and add to the reader's
understanding of Geography.

Medan, 17 September 2019

Farhan Pratama Tanjung

 CHAPTER I

BOOK IDENTITY

First Book

Title book : BASIC KARTOGRAPHY

 Author : Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati, et al.

Publisher : Waves

 Year of Publication : 2014

 City of Publication : Yogyakarta

 ISBN : 978-602-258-203-8

 Book Thickness : xii + 131 p

Second Book

 Title book : Map Projection

 Author : Ir. Aryono Prihandito, M. Sc

 Publisher : Canisius

 Year of publication : 1988

City of rise : Yogyakarta

 ISBN : 978-602-282-773-3

Book Thickness : v + 105 p

 CHAPTER II

BOOK SUMMARY
First Book

1. Preliminary

Cartography comes from the Greek language that is karto / carto meaning surface and graft
which means a picture or shape, can be interpreted that Cartography is a description of the
surface of the earth, and other notions Cartography is the Science of making maps.
Cartography is the art, science and technology of map making, as well as including studies as
scientific documents and works of art (ICA, 1974). According to Aryono Prihandito (1984),
cartography is the study of maps, starting with data collection in the field, data management,
symbolization, drawing, map analysis, and interpretation.

2. History of Cartography

The first time the map was made by the Babylonians in the form of tablets in the form of clay
tablets around 2300 BC. This ancient map is a carved map of the holy city by the
Babylonians namely Nippur which was made in the Kassite period (14-12 BC). At that time
the development of ancient Greek times was very rapidly developing, and Aristotle's concept
that the round globe was known by philosophers around 350 BC and had obtained the
agreement of all earth experts. The mapping of Greek and Roman times reached its glory
after Claudius Ptolemaeus around 55- 165 BC found a latitude. And around 250 BC
Eratosthenes made a major contribution to cartography, he measured the circumference of the
earth with great accuracy, he sketched a large enough, quite precise from the Nile to
Khartoum by displaying two Ethiopian tributaries and he made an important contribution
namely the grid to find position place of the earth. The oldest maps are still being debated
because the definition of the map itself is not clear and because some ancient artifacts that are
considered as maps may be important. Like a wall painting depicting the ancient city of
Anatolia estimated to be 7000 BC, the frescoes made by the Minoas called the admiral's
house are estimated to be around 1600 BC, in ancient China the name of a geographical
leterature existed since the 5th century BC.

3. Map, Atlas and Globe

Map is a graphical representation of spatial form and spatial relationships between various,
embodiments represented, according to the ICA (International Cartography Association),
maps are conventional images made by describing elements on the earth's surface by looking
at symptoms that have to do with the elements the. According to Erwin Raisz (1948), a map
is a conventional description of the surface of the earth, as it appears to us perpendicularly
from above and is added by letters and numbers as information.

 Atlas is a collection of maps that are designed to be stored in volumes or in a state of release
but collected into one. In essence the atlas is a reference book or reference. According to
Erwin Raisz (1948; 216). An atlas is a collection of maps bound together with uniform
languages, symbols and projections and atlas that may not be the same scale.

 The globe is a map on a round terrain as an imitation of the earth (Erwin Raisz, 1948), the
first earth globe was made by Martin Behaim in Nuremburg in 1492. The globe is based on
the ptolomeus conception of the earth where there was no American continent. In the 16th
century great discoveries occur, then there arises a new conception of a better earth with a
globe to demonstrate the shape of the earth.

4. Map Components

The map component is the information that is on a good map that includes the title of the
map, map orientation, map scale, map margins, map coordinates, map inset, map source, map
maker name, and legend on the map itself. The components of a map are arranged in such a
way that is called a map composition or layout.

5. Map Layout

Making general maps and special maps is different, regarding the composition or layout of
maps is very important, especially to distinguish the location on the general map (topographic
map) and special maps (thematic maps). The purpose of these two large groups of maps is
different, so how to create, use, until the process of laying the second layout on this map also
varies.

6. Letering

Letering is all writing and numbers contained in a map, lettering functions to reinforce the
meaning of the map symbols. Catering is also not too much and is usually written in small
print letters that are representative of the size of the map. Another function of latering is to
thicken the meaning of existing map symbols. An important combination in using latering for
certain objects is that the hipsographic object is written in upright letters and in hydrographic
objects italics are written on the map.

7. Map Scale

Scale is a comparison of the distance between two arbitrary points on the map with the actual
distance on the surface of the earth in the same unit of measurement. In general, this scale is
divided into three namely numerical / numerical scale, line / graph scale and sentence / verbal
scale. How to determine the scale of the map is to compare other maps with the same area
and scale, compare a horizontal distance in the field with the distance that represents it on the
map, pay attention to the interval contour lines and calculate the map scale based on the
distance of the two lines of the map meredian.

8. Map Projection

The shape of the round earth is three-dimensional, while the map is in the form of two-
dimensional flat, map projection is a way to move the location of the points on the surface of
the earth in a flat plane. A map projection system is needed to move round earth features on a
flat plane. Map projection is defined as the study of how to move topographic data from the
earth's surface to the surface of the map on a flat plane.

9. Map Symbols

Symbols are a graphic communication media, in the form of pictures / signs. Symbols are
simply interpreted as a picture / sign that has meaning or meaning as a tool to communicate
between the maker and user of the map. The map maker must make symbols that enable users
to understand the intent of the symbol is easily understood by map users.

10. Depiction of Relief

Land on earth is uneven but varied, in the form of plains, plateaus, lowlands, protrusions in
the form of hills, mountains, dome or basins in the form of rivers, bees, canyons or basins.
The depiction of the shape of the face of the earth can be depicted through a map by depicting
it in a map symbol. Topographic maps make relief information in the form of contours,
namely lines connecting the same points.
Second Book

1. preliminary

Map projection is a system that provides a relationship between the position of the points on
the ground and in the map, because the physical surface of the earth is not flat, it is difficult
to do calculations of the size results. with certain quantities. A map that is said to be ideal is
to have the appropriate area, the correct shape, the correct direction and the correct distance

2. Definition - Definition

Meridian is a line that connects the north pole with the south pole, the lines are in the form of
semicircles of the same size. And Parallel is a line parallel to the equator, the lines are circles
that are not the same size, the farther from the equator the circle is smaller the largest circle is
the equator.

 Longitude / longitude is an arc measured at a parallel between the place's meridian and the
prime meridian, the Greenwith meridian has a longitude of 0 ° (zero degrees). Latitude is a
place defined as an arc measured at a meridian between that place and the equator and
latitude has a value from 0 ° at the equator to 90 ° north and south poles.

 The datum field is the field that will be used to project points known by their coordinates (φ,
γ) and the projection field is the field that will be used to project points that have a coordinate
system (X, Y). Geodesic lines are the shortest lines / curves that connect two points on the
surface of the ellipsoid, and the loxodrome line is a line / curve that intersects the meridians
with a constant blanket α.

3. Geometry of Elipsoids

 The ellipsoid dimension has been measured many times by geodetic scholars, who used to be
Indonesia using an ellipsoid from Bessel because at that time the ellipsoid from Bessel was
the latest but now Indonesia uses an ellipsoid from GRS '67 as a national reference ellipsoid
called Indonesia National Spheroid (INS). or the Indonesian National Spheroid (SNI).
 4. Distortion Theory

The distortion theory about distortion states that a circle on the datum surface with a center P
and radius d which is considered a flat plane in a relatively small area, that area will remain
small and flat on the map projection plane. And there are theories used in this case such as
Tissot Indicatrix theory, Direction and Angle Distortion, Distortion of Distortion, Distortion
of Distortion, Orientation of Tissot Indicatrix

5. Cone Projection

A cone is placed on the globe, this cone will touch the globe along a circle, this cone is in a
normal position then the tangent of the cone plane with the globe is in a parallel and this
parallel is called the standard parallel. The following cone toeri used such as conical
conjection projection, equivalent projection, cone prseudo projection.

6. Cylinder Projection

The cylindrical projection plane is all the points above the earth's surface projected to the
cylindrical plane which are then interpreted, with the position of the normal and transverse
symmetry axes, the theory of projections on cylinders divided up, simple normal cylinder
projections, conformational cylinder projections, equivalent cylindrical projections, central
cylinder projections, transverse cylinder projections, sanson-flamsteed projections and
lambert cylinder projections.

7. Azimutal Projection

This projection is in the form of a flat plane, on the surface of the earth projected onto a flat
plane from a projection axis point, the image on the projection plane will vary depending on
the location of the projection axis point so that parallel and meridians will be drawn as
gratikul different. Azimutal projection is divided into gnomonic azimutal projection,
stereographic azimutal projection and orthographic azimutal projection.

8. General Theory Projection from Ellipsoids to the Earth's Sphere

In developing a projection, conditions are needed which state the relationship between the
ellipsoid and the globe, such as the ellipsoid meridian must be the same as the globe ball
meridians and the ellipsoid parallel must be the same as the globe sphere.
 CHAPTER III

ADVANTAGES BOOK

A. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHAPTERS

• In the first book, it has the advantage that in Chapter VIII of the comparison book there is a
connection to the mapping projection, so that the reader can understand the depth of the book
and understand the map projection.

• In the second book, Chapter II explains exactly about the lines contained in the map in more
depth while in the first book only discusses the latitude.

• In the first book, the emphasis is more on the explanation of the map and its parts, while in
the second book the emphasis is on deeper map projections in a broader scope.

• The second book of Chapter VII is superior in discussing the Azimatul Project while in the
First book precisely Chapter XII only discusses a small part of the azimatul projection.

• The Second Book excels at the topic of map projection rather than the first book which
focuses less on the map projection.

B. THE ABILITY OF THE BOOK

• In the First book we can understand it because the author provides the basics of
cartography, and also in the delivery of sentences in this book easily understood by the
reader. This book is suitable for those of us who want to know how to make maps from the
basics first, until finally we understand how to make maps that are good and right.

• In the second book, more about the projections on the map. The topics discussed and the use
of kaliamt in this book are complicated / difficult to understand by

• The reader, but the writer presents a picture / example or chart so that the reader knows the
intent of the author.
 CHAPTER IV

WEAKNESS BOOKS

A. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHAPTERS

• Both books present images / examples of map projections, but the authors do not provide a
deeper understanding of the examples presented

• In the first book, Chapter VII discusses the Map Projection but only covers the skin part,
while in the Second book, the Projection of the map is discussed in more detail.

• In the first book is more focused on understanding what the map is and how, but in the
second book the reader focuses on how to map.

• In the first book explains the understanding of maps, atlases and globes but in the second
book does not explain more about maps, atlases and globes.

B. THE ABILITY OF THE BOOK

• The second book is not very sophisticated because this book covers only the projection on
the map and the part that is related to the map projection itself

• The first book presents a picture / chart but the author does not explain more deeply the
picture / chart that is presented

• In the first book and the second book requires improvement in the use of words / sentences
that are easier for readers to understand, because there are words / sentences that make it
difficult for readers to interpret.

• Explanation of the material in the First book is more complex than the second book, but the
Second Book discusses in more detail about the map projections.
 CHAPTER V

IMPILICATION

A. THEORY / CONCEPT

The theory used in the second book is to focus on the scope of projections making maps that
are good and right, by presenting the concept of lines on the earth, the geometry counts and
projections used for the earth itself is explained in more detail in this book. And both books
have books comparison as a reference in compiling the main book and comparison book well.

B. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN INDONESIA

The program in question namely, in terms of making maps we should provide an

engineering / work to create a work in making maps that are good and right. It should be
understood again that the results of the map that we are interesting might make can be
displayed even can be purchased by researchers, collectors or lovers map for certain things
for the development of a nation and the nation's children can work.

C. STUDENT ANALYSIS

In my opinion these two books have the same material interrelationships, only the First book
only discusses the outside, not the depth of the map projection. The second book explains the
map projection material in more depth but in the history and development of the map itself,
the author does not explain it. The first book presents words / sentences that are good and
right so that the writer easily understands what is written in this book, while in the second
book the authors use words that are a little difficult to understand by the reader and the
presentation of pictures / charts of the two books does not explain more deeply about the
picture / chart presented. I think the main book is interesting for us to read because the
presentation in this book about the material presented is easier for readers to understand.
 CHAPTER VI

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. CONCLUSION

Cartography comes from the Greek language that is karto / carto meaning surface and graft
which means a picture or shape, can be interpreted that Cartography is a description of the
surface of the earth, and other notions Cartography is the Science of making maps.
Cartography is the art, science and technology of map making, as well as including studies as
scientific documents and works of art (ICA, 1974). According to Aryono Prihandito (1984),
cartography is the study of maps, starting with data collection in the field, data management,
symbolization, drawing, map analysis, and interpretation.

Map Projection is a three-dimensional round earth shape while a two-dimensional flat map
shape, map projection is a way to move the location of points on the surface of the earth in a
flat plane. A map projection system is needed to move round earth features on a flat plane.
Map projection is defined as the study of how to move topographic data from the earth's
surface to the surface of the map on a flat plane.

B. SUGGESTIONS

The writer should pay attention again in presenting pictures / charts and vocabulary that is
presented because it can influence the reader in the wrong sense later. Both of these books
provide good material for those of us who previously did not understand about maps, and
therefore are suitable for us to read in order to add to our knowledge about maps and how to
make maps that are good and right.
 References

Aditya, Trias. 2014. Road Map Development of Interactive Cartography in Indonesia. Paper
Presented in the Study of Skkni Material Field Geospatial Information Sub Division of
Cartography, April 23, 2014.

Hidayat, Andi. 2013. Map Knowledge. (Http://Geografiunima.Wordpress.Com/2013/02/10/K

Knowledge - Map).

Sukwardjono and Sukoco. 1997. Basic Cartography. Yogyakarta: Ugm Pre Post Geography
Program.

Roblin, H. S., 1971. Map Projections, Fletcher And Son Ltd., Norwich

Jacub Rais, 1976, Geodesy, Brief Overview of the General Scope and Geodetic Activity in
Indonesia Today, Bakosurtanal, Jakarta.