Pipeline

NEB File No.
: OF-Fac-Gas-W155-2013-01 01
Williston Hunter Gas Gathering Pipeline
NEB Information Request #1
Financial Information
1.7 Ability to finance the proposed facilities
Reference: i) Application A3R7X5, part EC4, PDF page 8 of 12.
ii) NEB Filing Manual, Sections A.3.4, Financing, http://www.neb-

one.gc.ca/clf-nsi/rpblctn/ctsndrgltn/flngmnl/flngmnl-eng.pdf PDF page
114.
Preamble: In Reference i), the applicant, through the Online Application System
(OAS), confirms that it has undertaken an assessment to determine that
it has the ability to finance the proposed facilities.
Reference ii) states that an applicant for a physical project is required to

provide evidence of the ability to finance the proposed facilities.
The Board notes that while the OAS allows for regulatory efficiencies on
routine applications, the Board requires sufficient information to allow
it and interested parties to understand the application and the impacts
on third parties, and to make a decision. For this Application, the Board
requires evidence in addition to the completed OAS section 58
Application to confirm that the applicant has the ability to construct,
operate, maintain and abandon proposed facilities.
Request: a) Please provide evidence on the applicant’s financial situation,

including:
a.1) a description of any financing for the proposed facilities

already in place, and/or a description of any restrictive
provisions concerning future financing, any changes in capital
structure, the impact on interest coverage ratios and other
factors that could affect the financing of the proposed facilities;
a.2) a description of how cost overruns will be financed, should

it be necessary;
a.3) an update on any sales of Canadian assets of Williston

Hunter, should it be relevant;
a.4) a copy of the most recent audited financial statement for

Williston Hunter, if available. If not available, please explain why
not.
1
NEB File No.: OF-Fac-Gas-W155-2013-01 01
a.5) Any other information relevant to the applicant’s ongoing

financial situation.
b) Should the Board determine that the evidence provided in the

applicant’s reply to question a) above is insufficient, the Board may
require the applicant to provide additional financial assurance to ensure
that the requirements of reference ii) will be satisfied. Should this be
necessary, please describe additional financial assurance the applicant
would be able to provide the Board. If considering a letter of credit,
explain what amount would be appropriate to cover any financial
eventuality that could arise during the construction phase.
Response: a.1 and a.2) Williston Hunter is in a positive Cash position (Current
Assets less Current Liabilities are greater than CDN$5MM as at Dec. 31,
2013, see a.4). In addition 2013 Operating Cash Flow prior to depletion,
asset write downs, and capital activities was greater than CDN$21MM.
At an estimated project cost of CDN$1.4MM, the proposed project
expenditure is budgeted and will be paid for within Williston Hunter
Operating Cash Flow, no financing is required.
Further, Williston Hunter Canada, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of

Magnum Hunter Resources Corporation, a publicly (NYSE) trading
Delaware Corporation based in Texas. Williston Hunter can draw
funding from Magnum Hunter if and as required for capital activities.
Magnum Hunter’s Senior Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30,
2013 was a borrowing base of US$265MM, with US$90MM of
borrowings outstanding. Details regarding Liquidity and Capital
Resources are disclosed in the attached links to the U.S. Security
Exchange Commission filings of Magnum Hunters Financial Statements.
(see a.4) links.
a.3) Magnum Hunter is currently contemplating the sale of Williston

Hunter in whole or part, however to date no Agent has been hired to
proceed with this effort.
a.4 and a.5):
i) Williston Hunter 2013 Unaudited USD Financial Statements,

attachment 3.
2
ii) Magnum Hunter Audited USD Financial Statements
Step 1.
Select or type in the following link into your browser:
http://www.magnumhunterresources.com/financialreports.html
Step 2.
In the Form type menu, select Annual Reports
Step 3.
Download the most recent Annual Report (10-k) Document
from selected file types on right hand side of screen.
iii) Magnum Hunter 2013 Unaudited USD Financial Statements
Step 1.
Select or type in the following link into your browser:
http://www.magnumhunterresources.com/financialreports.html
Step 2.
In the Form type menu, select Quarterly Reports
Step 3.
Download the most recent Quarterly Report (10-Q) Document
from selected file types on right hand side of screen.
3
Attachment 1
Superflex Tracer Wire Specifications
NEW Copperhead Flyer.qxd:Flyer Final 10/8/08 9:21 AM Page 1
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Copper Steel Core
As flexible as
solid copper!
The new alternative to
solid copper tracer wire.
Reinforced Tracer Wire pioneered by Copperhead provides the

utility industry with an alternative to solid copper tracer wire
for locating buried plastic pipes and fiber optic lines. Copper's
volatile price, theft problems, and breakage issues led to the
success of Copperhead steel core copper wire which combines
the strength of steel with the corrosion resistance and
conductivity of copper.
New Copperhead SuperFlex offers the advantage

of flexibility
Now there is a new Copperhead Reinforced Tracer Wire
product. Copperhead SuperFlex gives you the added advantage
of flexibility. SuperFlex’s engineered design and manufacturing
process makes for easier installation. In fact, SuperFlex is as
flexible as solid copper. And, like original Copperhead,
SuperFlex has numerous engineered design advantages over
100% copper wire.
Experience the benefits:

• More durable, out performs copper
• Reduced material costs
• More stable, long term pricing
• Reduced threat of theft due to lack of after-market value
• Lighter weight, resulting in reduced shipping costs
• Fewer breaks during installation fewer breaks over time
• High strength, abrasion resistant HDPE coating
Copperhead Industries, LLC

P.O. Box 1081, Monticello, MN 55362
Ph: 877-726-5644 • Fx: 763-271-3694
www.copperheadwire.com
NEW Copperhead Flyer.qxd:Flyer Final 10/8/08 9:21 AM Page 2
New Copperhead SuperFlex gives you all of the field proven advantages
of original Copperhead Reinforced Tracer Wire with the added advantage
of flexibility making it the ultimate alternative to solid copper wire!
Copperhead SuperFlex Reinforced Tracer Wire significantly outperforms conventional copper tracer wire while providing a lower total
installed cost. With its steel core and polyethylene coating consider the comparisons below!
Copperhead SuperFlex vs. Solid Copper Wire

PERFORMANCE
SuperFlex offer the same flexibility, Copper tracer wire has low memory
low memory characteristics as solid Flexible Flexibility Flexible
copper for easier installation
Superior impact and tensile Weaker properties result in more

break strength versus solid Stronger Strength Weaker frequent breakage due to earth,
copper wire rocks, tools and installation
Copperhead SuperFlex weighs 11% Lighter Weight Heavier Heavier product results in more
less than solid copper difficult lifting and handling
Virgin high-density polyethylene Vinyl and Nylon coatings are

offers strength, flexibility and Strong Wire Coating Weak susceptible to moisture, causing
superior protection underground premature failures
Copperhead SuperFlex steel Copper wires inability to stretch

inner core allows the wire to Stretches Flexibility Inflexible results in frequent breaks during
stretch more than 15% to installation and use
accommodate ground movement
COST
Steel core results in significant Inexpensive Raw Material Expensive Copper is an expensive commodity
savings over solid copper
SuperFlex uses less copper Stable Consistent Pricing Extremely Volatile Unpredictable due to the volatile nature
resulting in more stable pricing of a commodity market
SuperFlex is lighter which results Lower freight cost Shipping Higher freight cost Copper weighs more than Copperhead
in significantly lower freight charges resulting in higher freight costs
SuperFlex's higher breaking The need to use a heavier gauge wire

strength minimizes breakage One wire Strength Multiple wires or multiple wires will result in
4803SA100808CG
during installation higher project costs
SuperFlex Reinforced Tracer Wire None Theft Threat High Solid copper tracer wire is regularly lost
has virtually no after-market value to theft due to it's high scrap value
Distributed by:
SuperFlex High Strength Tracer Wire
Part# (1230*-SF-**)
*= Color- B=Blue, G=Green, Y=Yellow, P=Purple, R-Red,
B=Black, N=Orange
**=Spool Size- 500’, 1000’, 2500’
Tracer wire shall be (#12 AWG) High-Strength copper-clad steel

conductor (HS-CCS), insulated with a 30 mil, high-density, high
molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE) insulation, and rated for
direct burial use at 30 volts. HS-CCS conductor must be a 21%
conductivity for locating purposes, Break load 250# minimum.
HDPE insulation shall be RoHS compliant and utilize virgin grade
material. Insulation color shall meet the APWA color code standard
for identification of buried utilities. Tracer wire shall be SuperFlex
HS-CSS, HDPE 30 mil insulation or Pre-approved equal and made in
the USA.
PO Box 1081 Monticello, MN 55362 Ph 877-726-5644 Fax 763-271-3694

COPPERHEAD INDUSTRIES, LLC
P.O. Box 1081
Monticello, MN 55362 (877) 726-5644 Fax: (763) 271-3694
#12 CCS Superflex Soft Drawn 250#
Part #s: 1230*-SF-500 / 1230*-SF-1000 / 1230*-SF-2500
Part # description: 12 (AWG), 30 (jacket mil), *(indicates jacket color: B=Blue, Y=Yellow, R=Red,
K=Black, N=Orange, G=Green, P=Purple) - HS (high strength-soft drawn) - 500 (wire length in ft.)
Print Line: Physical, permanent markings: surface legend print on insulating jacket to repeat at
minimum interval of every two linear feet. Ink colors will include: Black Ink for the following jacket
colors: Yellow, Blue, Red, Orange, Purple and Green. White Ink for Black jacket.
COPPERHEAD * 12 AWG-SOLID SUPERFLEX SF-CCS TRACER WIRE * 30 MIL HDPE *

30 VOLT * DIRECT BURIAL ONLY
Spool Label: Wound wire on a compact spool made of metal, plastic, or wood.
COPPERHEAD INDUSTRIES, LLC

1230*-SF-500 (Production Trace Code)
12 AWG-Solid CCS Tracer Wire
30 Mil HDPE * 30 Volt
Direct Burial Only
500 ft.
Recommended Purchasing Description:

Direct Burial #12 AWG Solid (.0808” diameter), 21% conductivity annealed copper-clad carbon steel
high strength tracer wire, 250# average tensile break load, 30 mil. high molecular weight-high density
polyethylene jacket complying with ASTM-D-1248, 30 volt rating.
Recommended Engineering Specifications:
Conductor Specifications for High Strength Tracer Wire

#12 CCS Soft Drawn 250#
Specification: This specification describes the properties of the conductor to be used in the fabrication
of high strength tracer wire.
1. Material Description: Copperweld Copper-clad steel wire composed of a steel core with a
uniform and continuous copper cladding thoroughly bonded to the steel throughout. Wire must
conform to ASTM B910 / B910M
a. Cladding: The steel and copper interface must have a metallurgical bond achieved through a
high heat and pressure bonding process. Established process for porosity-free material.
b. Steel: High Strength with 0.10 carbon or greater. Verified to meet required mechanical
properties.
c. Copper: UNS-C10200; OF Copper according to ASTM B-170 (latest revision). High
conductivity, oxygen free copper to achieve optimal signal performance.
2. Surface Condition: Wire surface shall be free of any defects, including flakes, grooves, pits, and
voids. Wire surface shall be smooth, bright and shiny, and free of excessive copper dust and
residual drawing lubricants.
3. Physical, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties

The wire shall conform to the properties listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1: Physical, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties
#12 CCS 1010 Soft Drawn
CCS Conductor
21% Conductivity
Conductor Size 12 AWG
Conductor Type Copper Clad Steel (CCS)
Temper Dead Soft Annealed (DSA)
Average Break Load 250 lbs.
Minimum Tensile Strength 48,000 psi
Minimum Elongation 10.0%
Copper Thickness (% of Diameter) 3.0%
Minimum Copper Weight 13%
Nominal DC Resistance (ohms/1000 ft.) 7.5648
*Diameter tolerances: ± 1%
Insulating Jacket Specifications for High Strength Tracer Wire
#12 CCS Soft Drawn 250#
Specification: This specification describes the properties of the insulation material to be used in the
jacketing of high strength tracer wire.
1. Material Description: insulating jacket is comprised of a co-polymer high molecular weight natural
high density polyethylene (HDPE) designed specifically for high-speed copper wire insulating. It
contains the required levels and types of primary antioxidant and metal deactivator additives to
satisfy most Wire and Cable industry requirements. HDPE material will be produced with an
excellent balance of surface smoothness, processing ease, tensile and elongation properties, abrasion
toughness, environmental stress crack, thermal stress crack resistance, and electrical consistency.
2. Physical, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties

The wire shall conform to the properties listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1: Physical, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties
High Density Polyethylene Insulator Value
Density (ASTM D 792) 0.943 g/cc
Bulk Density (ASTM D 1895) 0.58 g/cc
Melt Index (ASTM D 1238/E) 0.70 dg/min
Tensile-Yield (ASTM D 638) 4300 psi
Tensile-Ultimate (ASTM D 638) 2900 psi
Tensile-Elongation (ASTM D 638) 850%
Flexural Modulus (ASTM D 790/1) 120,000 psi
Hardness (ASTM D 2240) 63 Shore D
Environmental Stress-Crack (ASTM D 1693/B) F20 > 48 h
Thermal Stress-Crack (ASTM D2951) F0 > 1000 h
Brittleness Temperature (ASTM D 746) < -95 F
Melting Point (DSC) (ASTM D 3417) 262 F
Softening Point (Vicat) (ASTM D 1525) 250 F
Oxidative Induction Time (ASTM D 3895) > 50 min. @ 200 C
Dielectric Constant (ASTM D 1531) 2.34 @ 1MHz
Dissipation Factor (ASTM D 1531) 0.00007 @ 1 MHz
Volume Resistivity (ASTM D 257) 5 x 1017 ohm-cm
Dielectric Strength (ASTM D 3755) 1000 volts @ 20 mils
Copperhead Reinforced Tracer Wire Spool Size and Weights
Material Spool Spool Size Spools / Box Shipping

Length Weight
1430*-SF 500 6.5" X 6" PL 4 32 lbs.
1000 6.5" X 9" PL 4 64 lbs.
2500 14" X 10" W 1 41 lbs.
1230*-SF 500 6.5" X 6" PL 4 47 lbs.
1000 8.5" X 7" ML 2 47 lbs.
2500 14" X 10" W 1 59 lbs.
1245*-EHS 500 6.5" X 9" PL 4 53 lbs.
1000 8.5" X 7" ML 2 53 lbs.
2500 14" X 10" W 1 67 lbs.
1030*-SF 500 6.5" X 9" PL 4 69 lbs.
1000 8.5" X 7" ML 2 69 lbs.
2500 14" X 10" W 1 87 lbs.
*Indicates Color
Spool Size Flange Traverse Barrel Arbor Hole Material Color
High Impact Polystyrene 1/8"

6.5" X 6" 6.5" 6" 1 15/16" 13/16" Wall Thickness Black
High Impact Polystyrene 1/8"

6.5" X 9" 6.5" 9" 1 15/16" 13/16" Wall Thickness Black
8.5" X 7" 8.5" 7" 2" 3/4" Stamped Metal Silver
14" X 10" 14" 10" 5" 1 9/16" Plywood Tan
Attachment 2
Fibreglass and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipeline
Installation Manuals
Installation C e n t r o n ® T h r e a d e d F i b e r g l a s s Tu b u l a r s
In the simplest terms, we are trying to assemble a leak free line, or string, that will last longer than
the field produces. To do that, each and every joint must be assembled with a uniformly loaded
“hoop” or contact pressure, that exceeds the pressure of the fluid to be contained, between the
contact surfaces of the tubes that are joined. This is done by “packing off” the space in the joint
with, or without, “pre-stressing” the box (female) in hoop-wise tension, and the pin (male) in hoop-
wise compression. Pipe dope is used to pack off and to uniformly distribute the contact pressure at
the micro-scale level. In the process of doing this, we also achieve the mechanical assembly of pipe
joints into a line, or tubing/casing string, for the conveyance of a fluid.
OUTLINE > • The Nature of Fiberglass

• General Rules
• Threads
- Non-sealing
- Sealing
• Lubricant/Sealant
• Teflon® Tape
• Elastomeric Seals
• Torque Based Make-up
• Position Based Make-up
• Tools
• Special Cases
• Repairs
• New Lateral Tie-Ins
• Cold Weather Installation
• Specific Installation Procedures
- CEN
- SP/SP8/SPH
- Downhole Tubing
• Service Guide
Important Note Limited Warranty

The information and recommendations contained in this literature regarding Centron® Fiberglass Products are based on
currently available data and believed to be representative of the product under specific conditions. However, such factors as
variations in environment, application or installation, changes in operating procedures, or extrapolation of data may cause
different results. Centron International Inc. makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, including warranties of
merchantability or fitness for purpose or service life, as to the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of the recommendations
15LR-0007 or information contained herein. Centron International Inc. neither assumes nor authorizes any representative or other person
15HR-0003 to assume for it, any obligation or liability other than such as is expressly set forth. Centron International Inc. reserves the right
to change any and all specifications or descriptions without notice.
8.1
Installation General
The Nature of Fiberglass

Fiberglass pipe is a tough, high strength to weight ratio product but, unlike metals which are
ductile, fiberglass is not as forgiving. When subjected to large impact, crushing, and/or bending
forces, fiberglass pipe performance is adversely affected as the product could experience
delamination and cracking. Therefore, fiberglass pipe must be handled with care in storing,
transporting, and installing to prevent damage from external forces.
GENERAL RULES > Some General Rules for Assembly of Fiberglass
1. Keeping all components clean during assembly is a prime key to success. It is impossible
to get uniform contact pressure between threads if they are contaminated with foreign
material.
2. If some is good, more is not better. Use force and materials in the quantities called for.
3. Inspect for damage every time the product is handled.
THREADS > Non-sealing Threads

Threads are a helical ramp that provides a mechanical advantage allowing you to exert more
force with less effort. In the case of Centron® CEN end connectors, there is no seal from the
threads. Sealing is accomplished by compressing the O-ring. The threads serve to enable you to
compress the O-ring without much effort and they hold the joint together in service.
Sealing Threads
By combining the helical ramp of threads with another ramp, in the form of an overall taper of
the thread form, a double mechanical advantage is developed. Examples are Centron’s SP/SPH,
API 8rd and NPT threads. With torque, the wedging action of the threads against each other
compresses the pin and stretches the box in the hoop-wise direction. The contact pressure
developed between the mated threads exceeds the intended hydrostatic pressure of the fluid to
be pumped, when the torque applied is sufficient.
LUBRICANT / > Thread Dope
SEALANT All sealing threads are designed with a root to crest gap to assure that the load is carried on the
flanks of the threads. This is to accommodate tolerances in both the thread height and lead.
Because of the high contact pressure developed between the threads, a lubricant is required to
prevent galling of the threads. A lube/sealant (dope) is used to both lubricate the threads and
pack-off the space remaining between the root and crest of each thread. The dope for fiberglass
usually contains particles of teflon and/or other polymers to accomplish the pack-off and to
help distribute the force as equally as possible across the threads. Use only the dope
recommended by the manufacturer, since the dope used has a powerful effect on the
torque/contact pressure relationship.
Centron Approved Thread Dope:

• Lubon 404 and 404LT
• Jet Lube TF15 and TF15 Arctic Grade
8.2
Te f l o n ® Ta p e
When properly applied, Teflon® tape enhances the performance and seal of interference threads by:
• cushioning the impact of the initial stabbing operation

• deforming under compression to both pack off small spaces and equally distribute force
• assuring that a film of slippery material is between the threads when high contact force
is required for high pressure applications or when the material tends to gall easily
(aromatic amine cured pipe and fittings that have large overhung loading problems)
When improperly applied, Teflon® tape can do more harm than good. The quality of Teflon®
tape varies significantly among manufacturers, so choose tape that does not fray easily and has
sufficient strength for tensioning during application. Instructions are based on the use of one
inch wide tape. A good rule of thumb; use tape when the nominal diameter, in inches, times the
pressure rating, in PSI, is 4000 or more and on all aramatic pipe and fittings
ELASTOMERIC > Rubber O-rings

SEALS Rubber compounds (elastomers) have the ability to take huge changes in shape and retain
pressure resistance capability. A hoop is compressed in a confined space between the pipe ends
such that fluid pressure is contained. Depending on the design used, the elastomer may be
further compressed by fluid pressure against it. A thin, clean lubricant is required to facilitate
compression of the seal without pinching or tearing the rubber. Any contaminant may cut or
hold the rubber off of its seating surface and result in a leak. Dope must not be used on rubber
seal elements, or their seating surfaces. Always inspect rubber seal elements carefully for cuts
and nicks before assembly. In an effort to help prevent O-ring damage, Centron® does not ship
pipe with O-rings installed.
C e n t r o n A p p r o v e d S e a l L u b r i c a n ts :
• Silicone grease
• Motor oil
8.3
TORQUE BASED > Torque (ft lbs) is defined as the perpendicular force (lbs) applied to the wrench handle times the
MAKE-UP distance (ft) from the pipe centerline to the point at which the force is applied. The use of body
weight is an acceptable way to determine force.
The torque requirement for each size product is given in terms of a range. This means that
torque will fall into the low end of the range for low pressure products and the high end of the
range for high pressure products.
For SP8, DH8 and DHC8 (8 RD EUE and LTC) connections, torque is the controlling factor
for make-up. Position can be used as a reference indicator of proper make-up. Specific
instructions for Torque Based Make-up are detailed later in this guide.
POSITION BASED > For CEN, SP, SPH, DH and DHC connections, the position of the box and pin relative to each
MAKE-UP other is the controlling factor for make-up. Torque should be used as a reference indicator of
proper make-up. Specific instructions for Position Based Make-up for each series of pipe and
tubing are detailed later in this guide.
TOOLS > Use of common strap wrenches, pipe wrenches, chain tongs, etc., on Centron products is
acceptable. Band wrenches designed specifically for Centron pipe are available on order from
Centron International Inc..
Other tools that are used such as floats, pipe jacks, rollers and supports should be made of or
padded with wood, rubber, or plastic. Do not use chain for tie down or lifting slings; use nylon
straps or rope. For downhole operations, slips should be clean and sharp and fit the build-up or
pipe body. Slip type elevators or a Centron-supplied lift pin are required. Rig tongs may be used
for break-out if they fit well but they should only be used to loosen the joint; disengage by hand
so as not to grind the threads on each other.
SPECIAL CASES > Fittings

Elbows and tees are necessarily made-up to an orientation. Because the box is thick on fittings,
you may expect that the torque level required will be toward the high end of the range specified.
With Centron fittings, you may exceed the maximum torque level for pipe by a factor of 1.25,
to get a fitting to “look” the right way. If additional rotation is required go back to the joints
previously laid and get a little bit of rotation from each joint.
8.4
R E PA I R S > Centron pipe is made in exact lengths, with a few rare exceptions when the male thread is re-
worked. For repairs we supply a flanged repair joint that is of the same exact length. To make a
repair, simply cut the damaged joint in two, unscrew the two ends and screw in the flanged
sections. You may find that there is a small difference in length due to the difference in
installation and service temperatures and/or mechanical shock on the line due to the failure. If
the repair joint is too short, it is permissible to jack the line together, with the flange studs, up
to 1 inch per joint of pipe exposed. If the length gap is greater than that, either uncover more
pipe so it is free to stretch, or put in a filler ring and extra gasket between flanges. If the repair
joint is too long, simply ‘snake’ the pipe, being sure to uncover enough so as not to exceed the
minimum allowed bending radius for the product involved.
N E W L AT E R A L > For new tie-ins, we supply a flanged and teed joint of the same exact length. The procedure for
TIE-INS installation is essentially the same as for a repair, but obviously requires the assembly of the tee
and lateral connections.
We also supply all of the materials to do repairs and tie-ins with bonded parts in most sizes and
pressures, but we prefer the all-mechanical approach because it is not sensitive to weather
conditions and does not require the use of a taper tool, adhesive and heat packs.
8.5
Installation C o l d - We a t h e r I n s ta l l a t i o n o f F i b e r g l a s s Tu b u l a r s
C O L D W E AT H E R > 1. Thread Cleaning - If there is ice on the pin or box threads, it must be removed. A light ice
I N S TA L L AT I O N coating can be removed with a wire brush. Heavy ice is more easily removed using a
below 10º F (-12ºC)
torch*, but care is required to assure that the thread surfaces are not scorched. The threads
must be clean and dry before assembly.
2. Application of thread dope (order arctic grade for cold weather conditions) - The thread
dope should be kept warm. The coating of dope must be thin (as if the threads were painted).
The thread profile should be clearly visible with the dope in-place. If the ends of the pipe are
warmed* with a torch, or other means, to help ease the application of dope, allow both the
pin and box to come to equal temperature before attempting to assemble.
It is extremely difficult to apply dope to threads when Teflon tape is required, when all
components are very cold. The high viscosity of the dope and stiffness of the brush
required for a thin coat will often tear the tape. For products that require Teflon tape
(amine cured products and higher pressure rated products), it is essential that all
components be warmed up* for application of thread dope and Teflon tape.
3. For Centron products with O-rings, it is essential that the O-ring be checked for flexibility
just prior to joint assembly. If the O-ring will not stretch, it must be warmed up until it
will. It is a good idea, if cold conditions are anticipated, to keep them warm until just prior
to joint assembly. Do not use a torch to warm the O-rings.
*Note: When using a torch to warm the pin and box keep the flame moving constantly.
Monitor temperature with the bare hand and stop heating when pipe ends are
uniformly warm to the touch.
8.6
Installation CEN Series
Centron® CEN series pipe is designed for simple and easy installation, without the use of
special tools or adhesives. The following guidelines are presented to aid the user in obtaining
maximum reliability and performance of this product in demanding oilfield, mineral extraction,
and other fluid handling applications.
I. DITCH > 1. Ditch should be deep enough to meet requirements of each particular installation.
P R E PA R AT I O N
2. If soil is rocky, ditch should be dug deeper (6” minimum) and filled back to the proper
level with sand or good soil for bedding.
3. When bends in the ditch are necessary, consult pipe literature for minimum allowable
bend radius of pipe.
4. Pipe should be run through conduit at road crossings. Conduit should be sitting on virgin
soil. Use centralizers or pad the pipe at intervals (specified in catalog spans) with
protective covering inside conduit. Fiberglass pipe is pushed through the casing and
joined. Linkseals are recommended to reduce any shearing tendencies at conduit ends.
Sandbag fiberglass as it exits the conduit at each end (see figure 1). Conduit for 6”, 8”
and 10” low pressure pipe must be vented to atmosphere.
5. The ditch should be cut wider to facilitate in-the-ditch assembly in the area of the
crossings.
Figure 1
Road
Casing through road
Sand bags
Linkseal or equivalent on
each end of casing to keep
fiberglass centralized so
there is no shear point at
each end of casing.
Trench bottom Fiberglass pipe
Centralizers on fiberglass pipe at

integrals no greater than the span
support spacing indicated in the
product listings
II. PIPE > A. GENERAL
I N S TA L L AT I O N
1. String the pipe along the side of the ditch opposite the excavated soil with the pin end
pointing in the direction of flow.
2. Each joint should be checked visually for shipping and/or handling damage. Shallow
scratches and abrasions are generally insignificant but if the pipe has cuts into the
laminate, bruises or fractures it should be set aside for disposition.
3. If required, install fiberglass to steel crossovers using Centron approved thread dope.
Coat both steel and fiberglass threads lightly, screw together, and torque to values in
Table One.
8.7
B. CEN MAKE-UP PROCEDURE
1. After removal of end protectors, check box and pin threads for damage or contamination.
Remove any contamination by wiping with clean paper towels. Use a fine wire brush or
rags to remove ice or dried soil.
2. Apply a light coat of seal lubricant (not thread dope) to the box threads and O-ring seal
area, pin threads and O-ring groove.
3. Install O-ring into the O-ring groove on the pin. Be careful not to damage the O-ring.
Apply seal lubricant to O-ring.
4. Makeup can best be accomplished with one person on each end of the pipe and one
person near the middle of the joint being installed.
5. One person should align the box and pin to slip together making sure that the O-ring is
not crimped or displaced during initial engagement.
6. The person in the middle of the pipe should begin rotation to the right and visually align
and “feel” the alignment of the two joints as he screws them together. Rotation should be
very smooth if proper alignment is maintained. When the O-ring begins to seat,
additional rotational force will be required. At this point the person on each end should
help in making up the pipe as far as possible by hand. Pipe will normally make-up to one
turn past the white band, or to shoulder, but must always be made-up far enough to cover
the white band. If the connection cannot be fully made-up by hand, strap wrenches may
be used to complete the make-up. If the connection makes-up to the shoulder using strap
wrenches no torque should be applied after shouldering. Use wrenches only on the upset
area of the pin and on the last 3 inches of the box. Never use wrenches on the pipe wall.
7. The connection may be backed off up to one full turn from shoulder position, or back to
the white line without loss of seal if required for fitting orientation.
8. Should a joint be difficult to make-up properly, it should be separated, cleaned,

relubricated and the procedure repeated. If difficulty still occurs, it should be set aside
for disposition.
9. If the pipe is made-up on the side of the ditch take care not to exceed the minimum
allowable bend radius of the pipe when lowering the pipe into the ditch.
10. Some rubber compounds lose elasticity at low (<10°F) temperatures and may not seal.
Before installing at low temperatures contact Centron or refer to the section on low
temperature installation in this guide.
III.PRESSURE > 1. Hydrostatic testing can be potentially dangerous. Adequate safety precautions should
always be taken to prevent damage or injury during testing.
TESTING
2. Testing with air or gas is not recommended because of the potential danger of
compressed gas.
3. An initial test should be performed in the open ditch prior to backfilling. This test
requires covering of the pipe to the top of the ditch only in areas of elbows and tees for a
distance of 20 feet in all directions from the fittings. See section on backfilling prior to
starting any burial of pipe. The fittings should be left uncovered for inspection. Covering
the rest of the pipe is not required, although plugs of backfill should be applied along
bends and may be applied at intervals along the pipe for added restraint if desired. Leave
8.8
all connections open for inspection. If this test is not performed, Centron will not be
responsible for any costs involved in finding the leak in the line after the line has been
backfilled.
4. When filling the line with water, when practicable, a soft pig should be run ahead of the
water to remove the air in the line.
5. The rate of pressurization of the line should not exceed 200 psi per minute.
6. During the open ditch test, the line may be pressured up to, but not exceeding, the pipe’s
static pressure rating for a duration of not more than four (4) hours. During this test the
line should be visually checked and monitored with a pressure gage or chart recorder.
7. Upon initial pressurization of the line some changes in gage pressure may be expected
from air trapped in the line, and until temperature stabilization occurs. During the open
ditch test, the line must be carefully monitored to prevent pressure increases due to
temperature rise. Measures must also be taken in cold weather to prevent freezing of the
test water.
8. After satisfactory completion of the open ditch test, the line should be backfilled as soon
as possible.
9. During installation, open ditch testing should be performed at maximum intervals of

5000 feet. After completing each test, the section of line should be backfilled before
installing and testing the next increment of pipe in the same installation.
10. A final test, after line has been completely backfilled, may be conducted as required by
the customer. Maximum recommended test pressure is 100% of the static pressure rating
of the pipe. However, it is allowable, at final test, to pressure the line up to 125% of the
static pressure rating of the pipe if necessary to meet licensing requirements. Maximum
test duration is 24 hours.
1. After testing has been completed, ditch should be backfilled as soon as possible to
I V. B A C K F I L L I N G > prevent possible damage to the line from falling rock, flooding, and other hazards.
2. The first six inches minimum depth of backfill should be good soil, free of sharp rocks,
heavy boulders, and frozen clods of dirt. This cover of good soil provides even support
for the pipe and protects if from damage as the rest of the ditch is backfilled with perhaps
less desirable material.
8.9
Installation SP/SP8/SPH Series
Centron® Surface Pipe is designed for simple and easy installation, without the use of special
tools or adhesives. The following guidelines are presented to aid the user in obtaining
maximum reliability and performance of this product in demanding oil field, mineral extraction
and other fluid handling applications. For insertion applications see Section 10 of the Centron
Engineering Manual.
I. DITCH > 1. Ditch preparation and backfilling instructions in this guide are intentionally brief. For
soft soil conditions consult Centron’s Engineering and Design Manual or Centron
P R E PA R AT I O N
engineering.
2. Ditch should be deep enough to meet requirements of each particular installation.
3. If soil is rocky, ditch should be dug deeper (6” minimum) and filled back to the proper
level with sand or good soil for bedding. In rocky soil, thin wall pipe should be rock
shielded and all pipe must be covered at least six (6) inches with sand or fine soil.
4. When bends in the ditch are necessary, consult pipe literature for minimum allowable
bend radius of pipe.
5. Pipe should be run through conduit at road crossings. Conduit should be sitting on virgin
soil. Use centralizers or pad the pipe at intervals (specified in catalog spans) with
protective covering inside conduit. Fiberglass pipe is pushed through the casing and
joined. Linkseals are recommended to reduce any shearing tendencies at conduit ends.
Sandbag fiberglass as it exits the conduit at each end (see figure 1). Conduit for 6”, 8”
and 10” low pressure pipe must be vented to atmosphere.
6. The ditch should be cut wider to facilitate in-the-ditch assembly in the area of the
crossings.
Figure 1
Road
Casing through road
Sand bags
Linkseal or equivalent on
each end of casing to keep
fiberglass centralized so
there is no shear point at Fiberglass pipe
each end of casing.
Trench bottom
Centralizers on fiberglass pipe at

integrals no greater than the span
support spacing indicated in the
product listings
8.10
A. SP/SPH CONNECTION
II. PIPE > 1. String the pipe along the side of the ditch opposite the excavated soil with the pin end
I N S TA L L AT I O N
2. If required, install fiberglass to steel crossovers using thread dope. Coat both steel and
fiberglass threads lightly, screw together and torque to values in Table One. Use only
fiberglass pins in steel boxes.
3. As each joint is handled it should be checked visually for shipping and/or handling
damage. Shallow scratches and abrasions are generally insignificant but if the pipe has
cuts into laminate, bruises (light colored areas indicating delamination)or fractures it
should be set aside for disposition.
4. After removal of end protectors, check box and pin threads for damage.
5. Check box and pin for contamination. Remove any contamination by wiping with clean
cloths or paper towels. Use a fine wire brush for the removal of ice or dried, hard soil
contamination. Be sure that O-ring groove is clear of debris.
6. For standard make-up of Anhydride cured pipe apply a light, even coat of thread dope to
the pin threads only. Do not allow any thread dope in the O-ring groove. A light coat of
thread dope will effect a seal at the threads.
7. The combination of Teflon tape and thread dope provides optimum sealing capability for
Centron surface pipe connections. This combination is recommended for high pressure
applications, for all gas service (natural gas, CO2, etc.) and must be used on all Centron
Amine cured pipe. Following is the recommended procedure for using Teflon tape and
thread dope:
8. Using 1” wide Teflon tape and starting from the small end of the threads, wrap the
threads with the tape, advancing one thread pitch per revolution in a clockwise direction
when facing pin end of the pipe. Apply a very light even coat of thread dope over the
tape wrapped threads. Do not allow any tape or dope in the O-ring groove.
9. Apply a light coat of seal lubricant to the O-ring groove. Install O-ring into the groove
on the pin. Be careful not to damage the O-ring. Apply seal lubricant to the O-ring.
10 Thread dope should not be applied to the box (female) thread but a light coat of seal
lubricant should be applied to the o-ring seating area (first 1 inch past the female
threads).
11. Align the two joints to be connected and stab the connection by hand being careful to
center the box and pin so that the O-ring and threads are not damaged upon initial
engagement. If the pipe is too heavy to hold and stab by hand, then a side-boom with
nylon strap should be used to support/lift the pipe (in the middle) during the stabbing and
rotating operations. Do not use chains for lifting slings. A pipe stand or jack should be
used for support and assistance in alignment if the pipe is light enough to lift by hand.
Proper alignment of the two joints during complete make-up is critical. After proper
visual alignment, make-up the connection by hand as far as possible. Rotation should be
very smooth if proper alignment is maintained. Also listen for rubbing or grinding
noises and, if present, recheck alignment before additional rotation. After hand tight
make-up, apply wrenches and make-up as indicated below.
8.11
12. On the Box end, wrenches shall be used within the last 3 inches of the box. For the Pin
end, wrenches are to be applied only on the upset area of the pin. Do not use pipe or
chain wrenches on the body of the pipe. Standard pipe wrenches, chain tongs or
Centron torque wrenches are acceptable to use. Select wrenches that fit well and
maximize contact area with the pipe. The use of ADTECH Installer or Weatherford
tongs should be considered for the installation of pipe 6 in. or greater.
13. Make up the connection per the following: at minimum make-up position, the box
edge to pin shoulder distance (standoff) must be no more than .25 in. (6.3mm). At
maximum make-up position, the connection assembly must always stop before the box
edge contacts the pin shoulder. Do not shoulder out the connection. Use torque values
in Table Two as a reference to monitor make-up.
14. Assemble connections to maximum make up position as long as maximum reference

torque is not exceeded. If a connection does not make-up to the .25 in. (6.3 mm)
maximum standoff distance at maximum reference torque, it should be disassembled,
cleaned, and examined for contamination or galling of the threads. If no problem is
found repeat the make-up procedure and if the problem persists, set the joint aside for
disposition.
15. If pipe is assembled on the side of the ditch, take care not to exceed the minimum
allowable bend radius of the pipe as it is lowered into the ditch. Care should be taken to
minimize voids under the pipe after it has been placed in the ditch as this could provide
insufficient support and promote the potential for excessive localized bending or
shearing. Misalignment of connections at transitions from Centron pipe to steel flanged-
connections must be avoided so as not to induce added stress to the Centron flange.
16. Pipe supports should be employed on each side of all fiberglass to steel connections
(flanged or threaded) to maintain proper alignment if settling should occur, reference
figures 4 and 5.
17. Some O-ring compounds lose elasticity at low (<10 °F) temperatures and may not be
suitable for installation at low temperatures. Before installing at low temperatures,
contact Centron International Inc. or refer to the section on cold weather installation in
the Centron product catalog.
8.12
B . 8 R D E U E L O N G T H R E A D F O R M A N D LT C C O N N E C T I O N
1. String the pipe along the side of the ditch opposite the excavated soil with the pin end
damage. Shallow scratches and abrasions are generally insignificant but if the pipe has
cuts into the laminate or bruises and fractures it should be set aside for disposition.
3. After removal of end protectors, check box and pin threads for damage and/or
contamination. Remove any contamination by wiping with clean cloths or paper towels.
It is extremely important that all threads are clean. Use a fine wire brush for removal of
ice or dried, hard soil.
4. In making connections to steel use only fiberglass pins in steel boxes. Fiberglass SP8
pins are of the long thread form and must be cut off by the amount shown in Table Three
before make-up into short, steel thread boxes. After this is accomplished clean threads,
apply thread dope to both pin & box threads and make-up to torque shown in Table One.
For cold weather installation, also see Table Four.
5. For fiberglass to fiberglass connections use 1” wide Teflon tape and starting from the big
end of the threads, wrap the threads with the tape advancing 1/2” per revolution (4 threads)
in a clockwise direction when facing the pin end of the pipe, dwell 1 revolution at the
small end, then wrap the tape back to the big end advancing at 1/2” per revolution (4 threads).
Apply a light, uniform coat of thread dope to the tape and to the box threads. The use of
teflon tape is optional for sizes 2” through 4” at pressures of 800 PSI and below.
However, the use of the tape will improve make up and seal characteristics.
6. Before stabbing, inspect the bore of the pipe that is to be turned and be sure that no sand,
dirt, or debris will roll down the pipe into the threads during make-up. Stab the
connection by hand, being careful to center the box and pin so that threads are not
damaged upon initial engagement. Proper alignment of the two joints during complete
makeup is critical. After initial alignment and stabbing, make-up the joint by hand as far
as possible. Rotation should be very smooth if proper alignment is maintained. After
handtight make-up, apply wrenches and make-up to torque values shown in Table Three.
Wrenches must be applied only on the pin build up and within 3 inches of the box edge.
Select wrenches that fit well and maximize contact area with the pipe. Never apply
wrenches to the pipe body. As a visual check during make-up to torque, the box edge
should range from allowing the last two (2) pin threads to show to stopping flush with
the last pin thread. Do not make-up past the flush position regardless of torque. Do not
exceed published torque ratings to achieve the minimum expected 2-thread make-up
position. If maximum torque is obtained prior to the 2-thread make-up, disassemble and
inspect threads for damage and/or contamination. Re-clean and try again. If still unable
to achieve make-up, contact Centron and/or set aside for disposition.
8.13
R I S E R S ( All joint types)
1. Figures 2 and 3 show various methods of securing Fiberglass risers. Methods vary
according to soil and loading conditions.
Figure 2 Fiberglass flange
Main line
Trench bottom (virgin soil) level

with no gap. Recommend trench
bottom compacted to 95%.
No bend for a minimum of 1

joint of fiberglass leading
into the riser.
Fiberglass flange
Figure 3
Channel to run over

trench bottom to
avoid stress point
Main line Channel with rubber to

protect fiberglass line from
possible rubbing on steel.
Channel should extend

2 piling past trench onto virgin soil.
Fiberglass to sit in channel

and taped or banded to
secure it.
Trench bottom
(virgin soil)
level with no gap
8.14
2. For attachment of fiberglass to Steel Risers make sure Steel Riser is supported.
3. Bring Fiberglass line in straight and make sure Fiberglass Flange is square with Steel
Flange. Where Fiberglass Flange meets the Steel Flange, the Fiberglass Pipe should be
sitting on virgin soil. Figures 4 and 5 show Steel Riser configurations.
Figure 4
Steel flange
Fiberglass flange
Steel riser to be supported

by one or two pilings
adequate to alleviate any
Main line stress on fiberglass flange
Sand bags
Flanges must be square and
level before they are tightened.
Virgin soil
Trench bottom level with
no gap
No bend for a minimum of 3
joints of fiberglass leading into
the steel connection.
Figure 5 Fiberglass line
Steel riser
Sand bags
Pilings
4. If pipe is not sitting on the bottom of the trench, sand should be put in the ditch and
tamped to where Fiberglass line is the same elevation as the Steel Flange and there are no
voids underneath the Fiberglass Pipe. Space sandbag underneath pipe no further than
twelve (12) inch span between bags.
8.15
TA B L E O N E > Torque
Range
Pipe Size ft-lbs (Kg-M)
2 SP8 100-150 (14-21)
21/2 SP8 150-200 (21-28)
3 SP8 175-275 (24-38)
4 SP8 200-350 (28-48)
65/8 SP8 350-500 (48-69)
7 SP8/7 SP8-HP 350-500 (48-69)
8 SP8/8 SP8-HP 600-750 (83-104)
TA B L E T W O > Torque
Range
Pipe Size ft-lbs (Kg-M)
11/2 SP 50-100 (7-14)

2 SP 75-125 (11-17)
2 1/2 SP 100-150 (14-21)
3 SP 175-250 (24-35)
4 SP/SPH 225-435 (31-60)
5 SP 235-465 (32-64)
6 SP 250-500 (35-69)
6 SPH/6 SPH-HP 300-575 (42-79)
7 3/4 SPH 500-800 (69-112)
8 SPH/8 SPH-HP 500-900 (69-125)
10 SPH 750-1200 (105-168)
TA B L E T H R E E > Cutoff
Pipe Size Amount
2 SP8 4 THDS
2 1/2 SP8 5 THDS
3 SP8 6 THDS
4 SP8 7 THDS
65/8 SP8 6 THDS
7 SP8 7 THDS
8 SP8 11 THDS
Each joint should be checked with a known torque condition to assure that proper make-up
torque has been achieved. High pressure products should be made to the high end of the range
given and low pressure products should be made to the low end of the range given.
8.16
The torque values shown in Tables One and Two are for 70°F. Cooler installation temperatures
require more torque and hotter temperatures require less. Use the factors in Table Four for the
installation temperature(s) encountered. Note that these are for the temperature of the pipe at
the end connectors, which may be higher or lower than the air temperature due to heating from
the sun.
Torque
TA B L E F O U R >
Temperature Factor
below 10˚F consult factory

20 1.4
30 1.3
40 1.2
50 1.15
60 1.08
70 1.00
80 .95
90 .91
100 .88
III. BOND ON PIN > 1. Pipe should be cut straight within + 1/16”. Use a wrap-a-round to mark pipe or use a saw
guide to facilitate straight cuts.
2. Taper angle of spigot should be 1 3/4°. Check taper tool angle by tapering a pipe using
factory bell as a check. When factory bell is pushed dry onto spigot, no side to side
motion should be possible if taper angles of bell and spigot match. Every taper should be
checked in this manner.
3. Taper length should be such that when the fitting to be bonded is pushed dry onto the
spigot, the end of the spigot should reach within 3/16” of the bottom of the bell.
4. Make sure bell and spigot are clean. (Bell may be cleaned and renewed by lightly
sanding and wiping away dust particles.) Do not touch these surfaces with bare hands
after cleaning. Mix adhesive according to manufacturer’s instructions and apply thin
coat of adhesive to both bell and spigot. Align bell and spigot and push together, with a
turning motion, with enough force to lock the two parts together. If necessary, parts may
be locked together by placing a 2” x 4” board flat across the end of the pin and tapping
lightly with a hammer. Smooth out or remove excess resin inside the pipe. Do not disturb
until adhesive has hardened. When temperatures are under 70°F the use of heat packs or
other means of applying external heat is recommended. In all cases refer to adhesive
literature.
8.17
I V. P R E S S U R E > 1. Hydrostatic testing can be potentially dangerous. Adequate safety precautions should
TESTING
always be taken to prevent damage or injury during testing.
2. Testing with air or gas is not recommended because of the potential danger of
compressed gas. If a gas is used to test the pipe, the test should be carried out only after
the pipe is completely buried. See section on backfilling prior to starting any burial of
pipe. Air or nitrogen may be used, but the use of helium is strictly prohibited.
3. An initial open ditch test should be performed prior to backfilling. This test requires
covering of the pipe to the top of the ditch only in the area of 45 and 90 ells and tees for
a distance of 20 feet in all directions from the fittings. The fittings should be left
uncovered for inspection. Covering the rest of the pipe is not required, although plugs of
backfill should be applied along bends and may be applied at intervals along the pipe for
added restraint if desired. Leave all connections open for inspection. If this test is not
performed, Centron will not be responsible for any costs involved in finding or repairing
a leak in the line after the line has been backfilled.
4. When filling the line with water, a soft pig should be run ahead of the water to remove
the air in the line.
5. The rate of pressurization of the line should not exceed 200 psi per minute.
6. During the open ditch test, the line may be pressurized to a pressure not to exceed the
pipe’s static pressure rating for a duration of not more than four (4) hours. During this
test the line should be visually checked and monitored with a pressure gage or chart
recorder.
7. Upon initial pressurization of the line some changes in gage pressure may be expected
from air trapped in the line, and until temperature stabilization occurs. During the open
ditch test, the line must be carefully monitored to prevent pressure increases during
summer heating. Measures must also be taken in cold weather to prevent freezing of the
test water.
8. After satisfactory completion of the open ditch test the line should be backfilled as soon
as possible.
9. It is recommended that no more than 5000 feet of line be installed before an initial open
ditch test is performed to verify the integrity of the installation. After completing the
test, this section of line should be backfilled before installing and testing the next
increment of pipe in the same installation. Release pressure prior to backfill.
10. A final test, after line has been completely backfilled, should be carried out as required
by the customer or local regulatory requirements. Maximum recommended test pressure
is 100% of the static pressure rating of the pipe. However, it is allowable at final test to
pressure the line up to 125% of the static pressure rating of the pipe if necessary to meet
licensing requirements. If testing above static pressure, contact distributor or
manufacturer. Maximum allowable test duration is 24 hours.
V. B A C K F I L L I N G >
1. After testing has been completed, ditch should be backfilled as soon as possible to
eliminate possible damage to the line from falling rock, flooding, etc.
2. The first six inches (minimum) of backfill above the top of the pipe should be good soil,
free of sharp or large rocks and frozen clods of dirt. This cover of good soil provides
even support for the pipe and protects it from damage as the rest of the ditch is backfilled
with some times less desirable material. The use of equipment such as Pipeline Padder
should be considered for long lines in rocky areas where the cost of hauling select
8.18 backfill may exceed the cost of the padder.
Installation D o w n h o l e Tu b i n g
Centron® fiberglass tubing has given years of trouble free service in many demanding
applications. Proper handling of the tubing before installation, proper selection of installation
tools and a well-design compatible with Centron tubing will insure long service. The following
is a general guide that reflects the experiences of successful well completions using Centron
tubing. As it is impossible to cover all the variables encountered in the field, please feel free to
consult with Centron International Inc.’s engineering department on any Centron tubing
installation(s).
I. HANDLING > Centron tubing is a strong, durable product but may be damaged by impact from a sharp
object. This can cause localized delamination and render the tubing unusable. Care must be
taken to prevent such damage at the yard, when unloading and handling at the well site.
Tubing should be supported in at least four equally spaced points along the joint length and
stacked using wooden stripping between layers, with pins/boxes staggered for even spacing,
on a level surface.
II. WELL DESIGN > Good well design is essential to the successful use of Centron tubing. The maximum
operating conditions (tension, pressure and temperature) must never be exceeded or
permanent, irreversible damage may occur that decreases the life expectancy of the tubing.
Centron tubing can be used with confidence when the following basic guidelines are
observed:
1. Packer and downhole tool selection is important for the successful use of Centron tubing.
Permanent or retrievable packers with “on/off” tools are preferred. These, unlike simple
tension set retrievable packers, hold pressure from both sides and do not subject the
tubing string to additional tension when pressure testing the annulus or when the well
goes on vacuum. Packers designed for set/release via pick-up/set-down and rotation must
not require torque that exceeds the made-up torque of the tubing joints.
2. Landing in the well head is generally done on stainless steel subs but may be done on
Centron coupled fiberglass landing subs. Centron tubing must be used in tension and
tension can only be applied to the tubing string using stainless steel or Centron coupled
landing subs.
3. Pumping wells using sucker rods or electric submersible pumps (ESP) require some
special considerations. Sucker rods must use polished couplings without sharp edges.
Plastic coated rods are preferred. Deviated holes require plastic or wheeled rod guides.
An anchor should be used in all pumping wells. If the tubing carries the weight of an ESP
and its cable, some form of torque arrest may be required; either a mechanical torque arm
on the pump or an electronic “soft start” motor starter.
4. Conventional tools may be run through fiberglass tubing. Swabs, blanking plugs, etc.
may be run on properly lubricated sand, slick and electric lines. Lines must be run slowly
in deviated holes to avoid “burn through” at contact points. Never attempt to “drag” stuck
tools up fiberglass tubing as gouging will adversely affect the corrosion resistance and
life of the tubing. If tools get stuck, it is usually more economical to cut or shoot off the
line or/and the tubing and make the trip out rather than damage the tubing string.
III.END > Centron tubing is available with our proprietary 4 round, O-ring connection or API standard
8rd EUE long form connections per API 5B, Table 14 (2 thru 4 inch) and Table 7 (6 thru 8
CONNECTOR
inch). Either connector is available with Centron’s patented PeNG (non galling) female
SELECTION thread configuration. Our 4-round, O-ring threaded connection features larger, more rugged
threads that are less susceptible to stab damage. The O-ring assures a seal under less than
optimal make-up conditions and keeps the thread dope where it belongs–on the threads, not
8.19
in the equipment or formation.
I V. I N S TA L L AT I O N >
Centron tubing is run using conventional slips, elevators and pipe wrenches. The elevators
should be the “slip” type and the tongs capable of low (<500 ft-lb) torque operation. Tongs and
wrenches must be used only on the upsets, never on the barrel of the tubing. A weight indicator
should be used at all times.
1. Packer or downhole steel tool connections should be made “cheater” tight to prevent
“backing-off”. For fiberglass to steel connections use only fiberglass pins in steel boxes
and make-up to maximum torque/position as described below.
2. Tailing the tubing from the rack to the well is done conventionally. Care must be taken to
prevent damage to the pin end. Leave the thread protectors on the tubing until ready for
make-up.
A. DH (4 ROUND) CONNECTION
damage. Shallow scratches and abrasions are generally insignificant but if the tubing has
cuts into the laminate, bruises, or fractures it should be set aside for disposition.
2. After removal of end protectors, check box and pin threads for damage.
3. Check box and pin for contamination. Remove any contamination by wiping with clean
cloths or paper towels. Use a fine wire brush for the removal of ice or dried, hard soil
contamination. Be sure that the O-ring groove is clear of debris.
4. Application of Lubricant/Sealant
4.1 For standard make-up of anhydride-cured tubing, apply a light, even coat of thread
dope to the pin threads only. Do not allow any dope in the O-ring groove. A light coat
of thread dope will affect a seal at the threads.
4.2 The combination of Teflon® tape and thread dope is highly recommended for all
tubing as it provides optimum sealing capability for Centron tubing connections and
maximizes make and break capability for tripping the string. This combination must
be used on all Centron amine-cured tubing. Following is the recommended
procedure for using Teflon tape and thread dope:
Using 1” wide Teflon tape and starting from the small end of the threads, wrap the
threads with the tape, advancing one thread pitch per revolution in a clockwise
direction when facing pin end of the pipe. Apply a very light even coat of thread dope
over the tape wrapped threads. Do not allow any tape or dope in the O-ring groove.
4.3 Apply a light coat of seal lubricant to the O-ring groove.
4.4 Install O-ring into the groove on the pin. Be careful not to damage the O-ring. Apply
seal lubricant to the O-ring.
5. Stab the connection by hand, being careful to center the box and pin so that the O-ring or
threads are not damaged upon initial engagement. Proper alignment of the two joints
during complete make-up is critical. After proper visual alignment, make-up the
connection by hand as far as possible. Rotation should be very smooth if proper
alignment is maintained. After hand tight make-up, apply wrenches and make-up to
position as follows: At minimum make-up position, the box edge to pin shoulder
distance (standoff) must be no more than .25 in. (6.3 mm). At maximum make-up
position, assembly must always stop before the box edge contacts the pin shoulder. Do
8.20
not shoulder out the connection. Use torque values in Table One as a reference to
monitor make-up.
6. Assemble connections to maximum make-up position as long as maximum reference

torque is not exceeded. If a connection does not make-up to the .25 in. (6.3 mm)
maximum standoff distance at maximum reference torque it should be disassembled,
cleaned, and examined for contamination or galling of the threads. If no problem is
found repeat the make-up procedure and if the problem persists set the joint aside for
disposition.
7. Wrenches may be used only on the last 3 inches of the box and only on the upset area of
the pin. Do not use wrenches on the body of the pipe. Select wrenches that fit well and
maximize contact area with the pipe.
8. Some O-ring compounds lose elasticity at low (<10 °F) temperatures and may not seal.
Before installing at low temperature, reference the cold weather installation section or
contact Centron International, Inc.
B. DH8 (8RD EUE) CONNECTION
damage. Shallow scratches and abrasions are generally insignificant, but if the tubing has
cuts into the laminate, bruises, or fractures it should be set aside for disposition.
2. After removal of end protectors check box and pin threads for damage and/or
contamination. Remove any contamination by wiping with clean cloths or paper towels.
It is extremely important that all threads are clean. Use a fine wire brush for removal of
ice or dried, hard soil.
3. In making connections to steel use only fiberglass pins in steel boxes. Fiberglass pins are
of the long thread form and must be cut off by the amount shown in Table Two before
make-up into short thread boxes. After this is accomplished clean threads, apply thread
dope to both pin and box threads and make-up to torque shown in Table Three.
4. For fiberglass to fiberglass connections, when Teflon tape is required, use 1” wide Teflon
tape. Starting from the big end of the threads, wrap the threads with the tape advancing
1/2” per revolution in a clockwise direction when facing the pin end of the pipe. Dwell 1
revolution at the small end, then back to the big end with the 1/2” overlap.
Apply a light, uniform coat of thread dope to the tape and to the box threads.
5. In making the connection, stab the connection by hand, being careful to center the box
and pin so that threads are not damaged upon initial engagement. Alignment of the two
joints is very important during complete make-up. After initial alignment and stabbing,
make-up the joint by hand as far as possible. Rotation should be very smooth if proper
alignment is maintained. After hand-tight make-up, apply wrenches and make-up to
torque values shown in Table Three. Caution: Do not over torque. As a visual check
during make-up to torque, the box edge should range from allowing the last two (2) pin
8.21
TA B L E O N E >
Torque Range
Tubing Size (ft. - lbs.) (Kg - M)
11⁄2 50-100 (17-14)

2 ⁄8
3
75-125 (11-17)
2 ⁄8
7
100-150 (14-21)
31⁄2 175-250 (24-25)
4 ⁄2
1
225-435 (31-60)
5, 5 ⁄2 1
235-465 (32-64)
7 300-575 (42-79)
85⁄8 500-900 (69-125)
10 ⁄4 3
750-1200 (105-168)
TA B L E T W O >
Cutoff
Tubing Size Amount
23⁄8 DH8 4 THREADS

2 ⁄8 DH8
7
5 THREADS
3 ⁄2 DH8
1
6 THREADS
41⁄2 DH8 7 THREADS
TA B L E T H R E E >
Torque Range
Tubing Size (ft. - lbs.) (Kg - M)
23⁄8 DH8 100-150 (14-20)

27⁄8 DH8 150-200 (21-28)
3 ⁄2 DH8
1
175-275 (24-38)
4 ⁄2 DH8
1
200-350 (28-48)
65⁄8 DH8 300-575 (42-79)
7 DH8 300-575 (42-79)
9 ⁄8 DH8
5
500-900 (9-125)
threads to show to stopping flush with the last pin thread. Do not make-up past the
V. COMPLETION > flush position regardless of torque.
Spacing out and landing the tubing properly is very important to the life cycle of the
tubing. Well use and conditions will dictate how much landing tension is required.
Refer to stretch tables for stretch data and compare these values to weight indicator
values to assure that the entire string is in tension.
Backside fluid may be oil, diesel, inhibited brine, or properly treated fresh water. Fresh
water must be free of any biological material and should be pH buffered and oxygen
scavenged with sulfide or sulfite salt(s). High ph (>8) primary or secondary amine type
inhibitors should not be used with anhydride cured epoxy tubing.
8.22
VI. TRIP OUT > Calculate string “live weight” in well (approximately half the string weight in air if the
annular tubing fluid level is full). Swab and/or fill tubing or annulus to equalize fluid levels
inside and out. Pick up string weight and remove landing equipment. Work through release
sequence for the packer or on-off tool involved. If tool fails to release, lower string weight, up
to 2000 pounds, and work through release sequence again. Several cycles of this strategy
may be required if tubing has been in service a long time due to sedimentation in the annulus
above the packer. Never exceed the tubing’s tensile rating during attempts to unlatch. If
release is impossible it is usually more economical to shoot or mill off the tubing in the joint
above the packer/anchor than it is to simply part the string with tension and fish from there.
Parting the string with tension effectively destroys the properties of the whole tubing string.
Fishing operations can be easily done with either a spear, overshot or combination tool.
Fiberglass is also easily milled up.
Tubing may be pulled in doubles in sizes 27/8 and larger. Pin thread protectors must be used if
tubing is left standing and proper tie-back is required. Tail-out, pin thread protectors, and
wooden stripping should be used if tubing is laid down.
To reinstall, both threads should be thoroughly cleaned using kerosene or other distillate
solvent and inspected. Damaged joints should be set aside and replaced. All O-rings should
be inspected and any flattened or damaged O-rings replaced. It is good practice to reverse the
order of installation of used tubing if the order of the original installation is known.
8.23
Installation Service Guide
1” TFE TAPE
THREAD LUBRICANT/SEALANT
REQUIREMENTS
Nominal JTS JTS

Size LBS/ 4 LB Pail 9 LB Pail Joints/Roll
Inches (mm) Joint 1.8 kg 4.1 kg 1296” roll 520” roll
11⁄2 (40) 0.011 360 810 12.5 5.0
2 (50) 0.013 300 690 10.0 4.0
21⁄2 (65) 0.016 250 560 8.2 3.3
3 (75) 0.019 210 470 7.0 2.8
4 (100) 0.024 165 375 5.7 2.3
51⁄2 (140) 0.030 135 300 4.7 1.9
6 SP (150) 0.036 110 250 3.7 1.5
6 SPH (150) 0.055 70 160 3.0 1.2
73⁄4
8 SPH (200) 0.095 42 95 2.5 1.0
10 SPH (250) 0.110 36 82 2.0 NA
The above charts describe the thread lubricant/sealant requirements based on using “Lubon 404”, or TF 15 and the TFE Tape
usage when taping is required.
8.24
Supplemental Fiberglass Pipe Handling and Storage Procedure
Fiberglass pipe must be handled and stored with reasonable care to protect it from damage. The
following guidelines will serve as an aid in minimizing damage to the pipe.
I. HANDLING > 1. Do not drop sharp or heavy objects on the pipe.
2. When transporting pipe from storage area to field, 1 x 4 (2.5 cm x 10 cm) wooden strips or
other padding material should be used to cover metal surfaces supporting or contacting the
pipe. Full joints of pipe should be supported in at least four equally spaced points along the
pipe. The pipe ends should not overhang more than six feet (1.8 m) past the last support of a
transporting vehicle. Pipe should be secured with rope or straps during transport.
3. Do not drag pipe out of the stack to avoid damaging the surface of the pipe in the lower layers.
II. STORING > 1. When storing in stacks, pipe should be supported in at least four places. Place one support
approximately three ft. (90 cm) from each end of the pipe and two supports equally spaced
between the end supports.
2. Support racks or stringers should be at least 3” (8 cm) wide and covered with wood or suitable
padding to prevent damage to the pipe.
3. Every layer of pipe should be separated by four 1” x 4” (2.5 cm x 10 cm) wooden strips placed
at right angles to the pipe and spaced as in 2.1.
4. Place all strips in a vertical alignment to prevent bending of the pipe. Space and thickness
must be sufficient to prevent contact between pipe.
5. Stagger adjoining pipes in each layer approximately 18 inches (40 cm).
6. Pipe should be stacked no higher than 6 feet. Stack should be adequately restrained to prevent
wind damage.
7. Maintain caps and plugs on pipe to protect threads.
8. For prolonged outdoor storage, cover to prevent ultraviolet degradation, and remove all O-
rings and store in a well ventilated and reasonably warm place.
9. Pipe dope and Teflon® tape should also be stored in a well ventilated and reasonably warm
place.
9.1
Supplemental Export Shipping Container Quantities
Nominal
Size Series/ 40’ Standard * 40’ High Cube
Inches (mm) Rating Width Height Total Width Height Total
2 (50) CBS 500 30 27 810 30 31 930
3 (75) CBS 500 23 20 460 23 23 529
4 (100) CBS 500 18 16 288 18 18 324
2 (50) CEN 500 30 27 810 30 31 930
2 (50) CEN 800 29 27 783 29 31 899
3 (75) CEN 500 21 20 420 21 23 483
3 (75) CEN 800 21 19 399 21 22 462
4 (100) CEN 500 17 16 272 17 18 306
4 (100) CEN 800 17 16 272 17 18 306
11/2 (40) SP 800 37 34 1258 37 39 1443
11/2 (40) SP 1000 36 34 1224 36 39 1404
11/2 (40) SP 1250 36 33 1188 36 38 1368
11/2 (40) SP 1500 35 33 1155 35 38 1330
11/2 (40) SP 2000 34 32 1088 34 37 1258
11/2 (40) SP 2500 33 32 1056 33 36 1188
11/2 (40) SP 3000 32 31 992 32 35 1120
11/2 (40) SP 3500 31 30 930 31 34 1054
2 (50) SP 600 32 30 960 32 34 1088
2 (50) SP 800 31 30 930 31 34 1054
2 (50) SP 1000 31 29 899 31 34 1054
2 (50) SP 1250 30 29 870 30 33 990
2 (50) SP 1500 30 29 870 30 33 990
2 (50) SP 2000 29 26 784 29 30 870
2 (50) SP 2500 28 25 700 28 29 812
2 (50) SP 3000 28 24 672 28 28 784
2 (50) SP 3500 27 24 648 27 28 756
21/2 (65) SP 600 26 25 650 26 29 754
21/2 (65) SP 800 26 25 650 26 28 728
21/2 (65) SP 1000 25 25 625 25 28 700
21/2 (65) SP 1250 25 24 600 25 28 700
21/2 (65) SP 1500 25 24 600 25 27 675
2 1/ 2 (65) SP 2000 24 21 504 24 25 600
21/2 (65) SP 2500 23 21 483 23 24 552
21/2 (65) SP 3000 23 20 460 23 23 529
21/2 (65) SP 3500 22 20 440 22 23 506
3 (75) SP 500 23 22 506 23 25 575
3 (75) SP 600 23 22 506 23 25 575
3 (75) SP 800 22 21 462 22 23 506
3 (75) SP 1000 22 21 462 22 23 506
3 (75) SP 1250 22 21 462 22 23 506
3 (75) SP 1500 21 21 441 21 23 483
3 (75) SP 2000 21 20 420 21 23 483
3 (75) SP 2500 20 19 380 20 22 440
3 (75) SP 3000 20 19 380 20 21 420
4 (100) SP 500 18 17 306 18 19 342
4 (100) SP 600 18 17 306 18 19 342
4 (100) SP 800 17 17 289 17 19 323
4 (100) SP 1000 17 17 289 17 19 323
4 (100) SP 1250 17 16 272 17 19 323
4 (100) SP 1500 17 16 272 17 18 306
9.2
Nominal
5 (125) SP 500 13 14 182 13 15 195
5 (125) SP 800 13 14 182 13 15 195
5 (125) SP 1000 13 14 182 13 15 195
5 (125) SP 1250 13 13 169 13 14 182
5 (125) SP 1500 13 12 156 13 13 169
6 (150) SP 500 12 10 120 12 12 144
6 (150) SP 650 12 10 120 12 12 144
6 (150) SP 800 11 10 110 11 11 121
6 (150) SP 1000 11 10 110 11 11 121
2 (50) SP8 600 32 30 960 32 34 1088
2 (50) SP8 800 31 30 930 31 34 1054
2 (50) SP8 1000 31 29 899 31 34 1054
2 (50) SP8 1250 30 29 870 30 33 990
2 (50) SP8 1500 30 29 870 30 33 990
2 (50) SP8 2000 29 26 784 29 30 870
2 (50) SP8 2500 28 25 700 28 29 812
2 (50) SP8 3000 28 24 672 28 28 784
21/2 (50) SP8 600 26 25 650 26 29 754
21/2 (50) SP8 800 26 25 650 26 28 728
21/2 (50) SP8 1000 26 25 650 25 28 700
21/2 (50) SP8 1250 25 24 600 25 28 700
21/2 (50) SP8 1500 25 24 600 25 27 675
21/2 (50) SP8 2000 24 21 504 24 25 600
21/2 (50) SP8 3000 23 20 506 23 23 529
3 (75) SP8 600 23 22 506 23 25 575
3 (75) SP8 800 22 21 462 22 23 506
3 (75) SP8 1000 22 21 462 22 23 506
3 (75) SP8 1250 22 21 462 22 23 506
3 (75) SP8 1500 21 21 441 21 23 483
3 (75) SP8 2000 21 20 420 21 23 483
3 (75) SP8 2500 20 19 380 20 22 440
4 (100) SP8 500 18 17 306 18 19 342
4 (100) SP8 800 17 17 289 17 19 323
4 (100) SP8 1000 17 17 289 17 19 323
4 (100) SP8 1250 17 16 272 17 19 323
4 (100) SP8 1500 17 16 272 17 18 306
4 (100) SP8 2000 16 16 256 16 18 288
7 (150) SP8 500 12 10 120 12 12 144
7 (150) SP8 800 12 10 120 11 11 121
7 (150) SP8 1000 11 10 110 11 11 121
7 (150) SP8 1250 11 10 110 11 11 121
7 (150) SP8 1750 11 10 110 11 11 121
8 (200) SP8 500 9 8 81 9 10 90
8 (200) SP8 800 9 8 72 9 9 81
8 (200) SP8 1000 9 8 72 9 9 81
8 (200) SP8-HP 1250 8 8 64 8 9 72
8 (200) SP8-HP 1500 8 8 64 8 9 72
8 (200) SP8-HP 1750 7 7 49 7 8 56
9.3
Nominal
4 (100) SPH 1500 17 15 255 17 17 289
4 (100) SPH 2000 16 14 224 16 17 272
4 (100) SPH 2500 16 14 224 16 17 272
4 (100) SPH 3000 15 13 195 15 16 240
6 (150) SPH 500 12 11 132 12 12 144
6 (150) SPH 800 12 11 132 12 12 144
6 (150) SPH 1000 11 10 110 11 12 132
6 (150) SPH 1250 11 10 110 11 12 132
6 (150) SPH 1500 11 10 110 11 11 121
6 (150) SPH 2000 10 10 100 10 11 110
6 (150) SPH-HP1750 10 10 100 10 11 110
6 (150) SPH-HP2000 10 10 100 10 11 110
6 (150) SPH-HP2250 10 10 100 10 11 110
6 (150) SPH-HP2500 10 9 90 10 10 100
73/4 (195) SPH 1000 9 8 72 9 9 81
73/4 (195) SPH 1250 8 7 56 8 8 64
73/4 (195) SPH 1500 8 7 56 8 8 64
73/4 (195) SPH 1800 8 7 56 8 8 64
8 (200) SPH 300 9 8 72 9 9 81
8 (200) SPH 500 9 8 72 9 9 81
8 (200) SPH 600 9 8 72 9 9 81
8 (200) SPH 800 9 8 72 9 9 81
8 (200) SPH 1000 9 8 72 9 9 81
8 (200) SPH 1250 8 7 56 8 8 64
8 (200) SPH-HP1500 8 7 56 8 8 64
8 (200) SPH-HP1750 8 7 56 8 8 64
8 (200) SPH-HP2000 8 7 56 8 8 64
10 (250) SPH 400 8 6 48 8 7 56
10 (250) SPH 500 8 6 48 8 7 56
10 (250) SPH 800 8 6 48 8 7 56
11/2 (40) DH 2000 33 31 1023 33 36 1188
11/2 (40) DH 2500 32 30 960 32 35 1120
11/2 (40) DH 3000 31 29 899 31 34 1054
11/2 (40) DH 3500 30 29 870 30 33 990
11/2 (40) DH 4000 29 29 841 29 33 957
23/8 (60) DH 1500 29 27 783 29 31 899
23/8 (60) DH 2000 28 26 728 28 30 840
23/8 (60) DH 2500 27 26 702 27 30 810
23/8 (60) DH 3000 27 25 675 27 29 783
23/8 (60) DH 3500 26 25 650 26 29 754
27/8 (75) DH 1500 24 23 552 24 26 624
27/8 (75) DH 2000 23 22 506 23 25 575
27/8 (75) DH 2500 22 22 484 22 25 550
27/8 (75) DH 3000 22 21 462 22 24 528
31/2 (90) DH 1200 21 19 399 21 22 462
31/2 (90) DH 1500 20 18 360 20 21 420
31/2 (90) DH 1700 20 18 360 20 21 420
31/2 (90) DH 2000 20 18 360 20 21 420
31/2 (90) DH 2500 20 17 340 20 20 400
9.4
Nominal
41/2 (115) DH 1000 17 16 272 17 18 306
41/2 (115) DH 1200 17 15 255 17 17 289
41/2 (115) DH 1500 16 15 240 16 17 272
41/2 (115) DH 2000 16 14 224 16 16 256
41/2 (115) DH 2500 15 14 210 15 16 240
4 1/ 2 (115) DHC 150 17 15 255 17 18 306
41/2 (115) DHC 200 17 15 255 17 17 289
41/2 (115) DHC 250 17 15 255 17 17 289
41/2 (115) DHC 300 16 14 224 16 17 272
41/2 (115) DHC 350 16 14 224 16 16 256
41/2 (115) DHC 400 16 14 224 16 16 256
5 (125) DHC 150 17 15 255 17 18 306
5 (125) DHC 175 17 15 255 17 18 306
5 (125) DHC 200 16 15 240 16 17 272
5 (125) DHC 250 16 15 240 16 17 272
5 (125) DHC 280 16 15 240 16 17 272
51/2 (140) DHC 150 15 13 195 15 15 225
51/2 (140) DHC 175 15 13 195 15 15 225
51/2 (140) DHC 200 14 13 182 14 15 210
51/2 (140) DHC 250 14 13 182 14 15 210
51/2 (140) DHC 300 14 12 168 14 14 196
51/2 (140) DHC 350 14 12 168 14 14 196
51/2 (140) DHC 400 14 12 168 14 14 196
65/8 (170) DHC 200 12 10 120 12 12 144
65/8 (170) DHC 250 11 10 110 11 12 132
65/8 (170) DHC 300 11 10 110 11 12 132
65/8 (170) DHC 350 11 10 110 11 12 132
65/8 (170) DHC 400 11 10 110 11 12 132
65/8 (170) DHC 450 11 10 110 11 11 121
65/8 (170) DHC 500 10 10 100 10 11 110
7 (180) DHC 200 11 10 110 11 12 132
7 (180) DHC 250 11 10 110 11 12 132
7 (180) DHC 300 11 10 110 11 11 121
7 (180) DHC 350 11 10 110 11 11 121
7 (180) DHC 400 11 10 110 11 11 121
7 (180) DHC 450 11 9 99 11 11 121
7 (180) DHC 500 10 9 90 10 11 110
85/8 (220) DHC 250 9 9 81 9 10 90
85/8 (220) DHC 300 9 9 81 9 10 90
85/8 (220) DHC 350 8 7 56 8 8 64
85/8 (220) DHC 400 8 7 56 8 8 64
85/8 (220) DHC 450 7 7 49 7 8 56
85/8 (220) DHC 500 9 9 81 9 10 90
95/8 (250) DHC 250 9 8 72 9 9 81
95/8 (250) DHC 300 9 8 72 9 9 81
95/8 (250) DHC 350 9 8 72 9 9 81
95/8 (250) DHC 400 8 7 56 8 9 72
95/8 (250) DHC 450 8 7 56 8 9 72
95/8 (250) DHC 500 8 7 56 8 9 72
9.5
Nominal
103/4 (275) DHC 300 8 6 48 8 7 56
103/4 (275) DHC 350 8 6 48 8 7 56
103/4 (275) DHC 400 8 6 48 8 7 56
103/4 (275) DHC 450 8 6 48 8 7 56
103/4 (275) DHC 500 8 6 48 8 7 56
23/8 (60) DH8 2000 28 26 728 28 30 840
23/8 (60) DH8 2500 27 26 702 27 30 810
23/8 (60) DH8 3000 27 25 675 27 29 783
27/8 (75) DH8 1750 23 22 506 23 25 575
41/2 (115) DH8 1250 17 16 272 17 18 306
* Calculated quantities based on container dimensions of 2.352 m wide x 2.395 m high. Hi-Cube container dimensions used are
2.348 m wide x 2.688 m high.
Consult Centron International Inc. for information regarding nesting different pipe sizes in order to maximize shipping quantity
per container.
9.6
Supplemental Pipe Marking
Product Color Designations
PRODUCT STRIPE COLOR
PIPE: None
(SP): White
(SPH): Yellow*
TUBING (DH): Black
8RD PIPE (SP8): Royal Blue**
8RD TUBING (DH8): Black & Royal Blue
* SPH fittings will also be marked with a yellow stripe.

** SP8 fittings will also be marked with a royal blue stripe.
Resin System Color Designations
RESIN SYSTEM STRIPE COLOR
ANHYDRIDE: None
AMINE: Green
HIGH TEMPERATURE AMINE: Red
O-Ring Color Designations
O-RING STRIPE COLOR
7388 (STANDARD): None
VITON: Light Blue
AFLAS: Red
PEROXIDE CURED: Purple
OTHER NITRILE: Orange
Pipe will be marked, beginning at the female end, in the following order:
1. Product color designation

2. Resin system color designation
3. O-ring color designation
9.7
WL101
Joining & Field Procedures
For
WL Plastics
PE4710
PE3608
PE3408
PE2708
PE2406
Pipe
WL101-0113 Rev Jan 2013 Supersedes all previous editions © 2013 WL Plastics Corp.
2 Joining & Field Procedures for Pipe
NOTICE
This publication is intended for use as a guide for piping systems. It should not be used in place of a professional
engineer’s judgment or advice and it is not intended as installation instructions. WL Plastics Corporation has made every
reasonable effort to ensure accuracy, but the information in this publication may not be complete, especially for special or
unusual applications. The information in this publication cannot be guaranteed because the conditions of use are beyond
our control and the information in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or warranty for piping installations. The
user of this information assumes all risk associated with its use. Changes to this publication may occur from time to time
without notice. Contact WL Plastics Corporation to determine if you have the most current edition. Copying without
change permitted.
Table of Contents
Pipe Unloading and Handling.................................................................................................................................................. 4
Unloading............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Jobsite Pipe Storage, Unpacking, and Handling ................................................................................................................. 4
Pipe Weight ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Subfreezing and Inclement Weather Conditions ................................................................................................................. 4
Field Bending ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Field Cutting......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Hazardous Environments ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Static Electric Discharge ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Underground Excavation ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Confined Spaces ................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Fusion and Joining and Compatibility ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Fusion Training and Proficiency .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Joining WL Plastics Pipe and Other Manufacturer’s Products ............................................................................................ 6
Liquid Hydrocarbon Permeated Pipe .................................................................................................................................. 7
Butt Fusion .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
General Considerations ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
Butt Fusion Joining Restrictions .......................................................................................................................................... 7
OD Compatibility .............................................................................................................................................................. 7
Wall Thickness (DR) Compatibility .................................................................................................................................. 8
Fusion Quality Verification – Data Logging and Testing ..................................................................................................... 8
Fusion Evaluation Tests – NDE (Non-Destructive Evaluation) ........................................................................................... 8
Fusion Evaluation Tests – Mechanical Field and Laboratory Tests .................................................................................... 9
Weather Guidelines ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Wind Effects ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Precipitation and Airborne Contaminants ...................................................................................................................... 10
Temperature Effects ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
Butt Fusion Set-Up ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
Joining & Field Procedures for Pipe 3
Heating Temperature and Interfacial Pressure .............................................................................................................. 10

Butt Fusion Procedure ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
Step 1 – Clean and then secure the Components in the Butt Fusion Equipment ......................................................... 11
Step 2 – Face the Component Ends .............................................................................................................................. 11
Step 3 – Align the Faced Component Ends................................................................................................................... 12
Step 4 – Melt the Component Ends ............................................................................................................................... 12
Step 5 – Remove Heating Tool, Inspect Melt, Join, Apply and Hold Fusion Joining Force .......................................... 13
Step 6 – Visually Inspect Fusion Bead and Joint Appearance ...................................................................................... 15
Approximate Butt Fusion Joining Rates ............................................................................................................................ 15
Bead Removal ................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Saddle (sidewall) Fusion, Socket Fusion and Electrofusion ................................................................................................. 16
Extrusion and Hot-Air (Hot-Gas) Welding ............................................................................................................................. 16
Tapered Pipe Threads .......................................................................................................................................................... 16
Mechanical Connections ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
Joint Restraint and Thrust Blocks ...................................................................................................................................... 17
Pressure Testing ................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Hydrostatic Pressure Leak Testing.................................................................................................................................... 17
Pneumatic Pressure Leak Testing..................................................................................................................................... 18
Field Pressure Rating Tests .............................................................................................................................................. 18
Installation ............................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Repair .................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Operating Procedures ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
Disinfecting Potable Water Piping ..................................................................................................................................... 19
Squeeze-Off....................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Cleaning............................................................................................................................................................................. 19
References ............................................................................................................................................................................ 20
PIPE UNLOADING AND HANDLING

Unloading
Before unloading WL Plastics pipe from the truck, unloading personnel should obtain WL111 WL Plastics Unloading
Guidelines from the driver and read the WL Plastics Unloading Guidelines. The truck driver receives WL111 WL Plastics
Unloading Guidelines when accepting the load at the manufacturing plant, and is instructed to give WL111 WL Plastics
Unloading Guidelines to unloading personnel at the unloading site. WL111 WL Plastics Unloading Guidelines are also
available from the WL Plastics website, www.wlplastics.com or by contacting WL Plastics.
Observe WL111 WL Plastics Unloading Guidelines whenever unloading WL Plastics pipe products. Improper
unloading can result in death, injury, property damage or product damage.
Jobsite Pipe Storage, Unpacking, and Handling
The jobsite pipe storage area should be relatively level and smooth, and large enough for the safe movement of pipe and
handling equipment. In general, pipe should be stored as packaged until it is needed for installation.
On level ground, do not stack bulk packs higher than they were stacked on the truck. On less level ground, bulk packs
should not be stacked, but should be stored individually on the ground.
Bulk packs must be on the ground before banding is removed.
Coiled pipe should be stored as packaged on relatively level, smooth ground. Do not stack coils higher than the original
packaging. Individual coils are lifted with appropriate lifting equipment, which is typically by extending padded forklift forks
into the center of the coil, or by lifting the coil with fabric slings – not chain or wire rope – looped through the center of the
coil. Forks can be padded by installing fork-length sections of plastic pipe over the forks.
Coils that are packaged on pallets should be removed one by one from the top down. Remove only enough banding to
release the upper coil, and then slide the coil over onto forklift forks. Forks must be long enough for the full coil diameter,
and set apart as wide as practical. Do not push coils off the silo onto the ground.
Take safety measures to protect persons against injury before banding on individual coils is removed, – coiled pipe will
spring out suddenly with force when restraining bands are removed. Safety measures can include placing the coil in
equipment that confines (cages) the coil, cutting bands from inside of the coil, or other safety measures. When coils are
placed in confining equipment, never place any part of the body – hands, arms, feet legs, head – between the coil and the
confining equipment.
 Keep persons that are not involved in handling WL Plastics piping products away from handling operations.
 When piping products and handling equipment are in motion, all persons involved in handling WL Plastics piping
products should be able to see all other persons at all times. If any handling person is not in sight, immediately stop
moving equipment and products and locate that person. Do not continue until all persons are accounted for and in
sight.
 Use only appropriate lifting and handling equipment that is in safe operating condition, that is properly rated for the
load, and that is designed for the intended use.
 Do not lift or move WL Plastics products with equipment such as wire rope or chain that can damage the pipe.
Equipment that contacts the pipe should be fabric slings or should be rounded or padded to prevent damage to the
pipe.
 Uncontrolled movement of products or equipment can be hazardous. Never push, roll, dump or drop pipe lengths,
bundles or coils off the truck, off handling equipment or into a trench. Always use appropriate equipment to lift, move
and lower the pipe.
Pipe Weight
Polyethylene pipe is lightweight compared to other piping products, but larger pipe sizes, longer lengths, and large coils of
pipe can be heavy. Weight information for WL Plastics polyethylene piping products is available in WL102A and WL102B
for IPS sized pipe, WL104 for DIPS sized pipe, WL130 for FM Approved pipe, and WL108 for standard packaging and
truckload quantities for coiled pipe and pipe joints.
Subfreezing and Inclement Weather Conditions
In subfreezing conditions, thermoplastics such as polyethylene become more vulnerable to damage from suddenly
applied impact, and become more resistant to bending and uncoiling. Polyethylene pipe is ductile to temperatures well
below -50°F (-46°C), and retains significant toughness in sub-freezing conditions. However, all materials including
polyethylene become less flexible and more sensitive to cutting and impact in freezing and sub-freezing conditions. In
very cold conditions, PE pipe will be harder to straighten or bend. When pulling through straightening and rerounding
equipment Pull-through speed must be slowed by half or more in cold weather conditions.
When cutting PE pipe with a saw, bending the pipe to open the cut can cause the pipe to fracture through before the cut is
complete. PE pipe should be properly handled and placed where it needs to be. In very cold conditions, dropping the
pipe can result in pipe fracture, especially on uneven or rocky terrain. Dropped pipe frequently hits one end first end and
then the other end slaps down, multiplying or even repeating the impact. Do not drop the pipe or push it off a trailer such
that it drops onto the ground or into the trench.
In subfreezing temperatures, suddenly applied impact from dropping the pipe, striking it forcefully, dropping heavy items
on the pipe, or sudden extreme surge pressure can break the pipe. When force is applied to bend or uncoil pipe,
springback from unintended sudden release can be forceful.
Water can freeze solid in the pipe without damaging the pipe. Ice expands as it forms causing the pipe to expand.
Ductile pipe expansion from ice formation does not damage the pipe.
Frozen pipes should be thawed by warming the pipe. Warming temperature should not exceed 120°F. WL Plastics
polyethylene pipes can be heat traced provided heat tracing temperature is limited to 120°F.
Do not try to clear an ice plug by increasing pressure, which can cause an ice plug to move rapidly down the line
where a sudden stop at an obstruction such as a fitting or an appurtenance can cause severe water hammer that
can burst and fragment the pipe. Flying fragments can cause injury or property damage.
HDPE contracts when cold. Pipe diameter and length are reduced in lower temperatures. (Pipe dimensions and
specifications are for pipe at 73°F (23°C), and will vary for pipe at higher or lower temperature.)
Caution – Do not climb or walk on pipe. Pipe can be slippery whether dry or wet or snow-covered.
Field Bending
HDPE pipe is flexible and may be bent in the field to sweep the pipe around to follow trench curves or terrain contours. In
general, field bending to roughly 75 times the pipe diameter can be accomplished with relative ease. Tighter bends down
to the minimum acceptable field bending radius and colder temperatures require greater effort. Tighter field sweep bends
generally require embedment support. For field bending radius information, see WL113 and the PPI Calculator
(http://plasticpipe.org/publications/software-ppi-calculator.html).
Care and safety precautions are required to maintain control over the pipe during field bending installation to prevent
springback until the pipe is secured in its final field-bend configuration.
Field Cutting
WL Plastics Polyethylene pipe may be cut using various hand operated and powered hand operated cutting tools.
Smaller pipes may be cut with plastic pipe cutters or hand saws. Hand operated pipe cutters for 2” and smaller pipes
typically drive a guillotine knife blade through the pipe with a ratcheting mechanism. Coarse tooth saws provide chip
clearance and may be used for any size. Fine tooth saw blades can load up with cuttings. Powered hand tools such as
reciprocating saws and chain saws may also be used. Do not use bar chain lubrication if cutting pipe with a
chainsaw. Bar chain lubrication contaminates the pipe surface. Contamination must be removed. If not
removed, contamination can reduce joint quality or transfer to fusion equipment, and reduce the quality of
subsequent joints.
Hand operated, powered abrasive wheel cutting tools are not recommended because abrasive wheels load up with
melted PE material and are susceptible to kickback. Hand operated, powered circular saws are not recommended
because PE pipes can bind against the blade and circular saws are susceptible to kickback.
Holes for perforations or branch outlets may be cut using standard wood or metal cutting drill bits or circular hole saws
and hand operated or powered hand operated drilling tools. Spade type wood cutting bits do not work well with
polyethylene. Circular hole saws for cutting polyethylene pipe have few teeth, high chip clearance, and are available from
fusion equipment suppliers.
All hand operated and powered hand operated tools should be operated in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions,
including all applicable personal protective equipment.
HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS
HDPE piping is sometimes installed or operated in environments that can be hazardous. Take safety precautions to
protect against death, injury, property damage and pipe damage.
Static Electric Discharge

HDPE pipe does not conduct electricity. In dry, low humidity conditions, static electric charges can develop on the surface
of exposed HDPE pipe. Avoid working with or operating exposed HDPE pipe in a flammable gas or explosive dust
environment, but if working with or operating in a flammable gas or explosive dust environment cannot be avoided, take
measures to dissipate static electric charges on the pipe surface. In a flammable gas or explosive dust environment,
a static electric discharge can cause explosion or fire. Static electricity dissipation measures generally involve
wetting exposed pipe to a grounded (buried) location with a conductive fluid, wrapping the wetted pipe surface with a
fabric (such as burlap) or conductive film, and periodic rewetting to maintain surface conductivity to ground.
Equipment and tools that may contact static charged pipe should be grounded. Observe safety policies, procedures and
regulatory requirements for personal protective equipment and clothing in accordance with installing or operating
company policies and regulations.
Electrical equipment such as fusion tools are not usually explosion proof. Do not operate fusion tools or electrical
equipment that is not explosion proof in a flammable gas or explosive dust environment. In a flammable gas or
explosive dust environment, a spark from electrical equipment can cause explosion or fire.
Underground Excavation
In unstable soils, trench walls can collapse and endanger persons in the trench. Consult the appropriate regulatory
authority and observe all safety requirements when excavating or working in a trench. Protective equipment and devices
such as sheeting, shoring and trench boxes can be necessary.
Confined Spaces
Some HDPE piping applications such as rehabilitation or sliplining can require work in confined spaces such as manholes.
Safety measures such as personal respiratory equipment, personal lowering and lifting equipment, equipment to test for
safe downhole atmospheric conditions, personal protective equipment and clothing, safety personnel stationed at the top
of the shaft, and other measures can be required. Observe all requirements for confined spaces personal protection and
safety specified by installing or operating companies and regulatory authorities.
FUSION AND JOINING AND COMPATIBILITY

Fusion Training and Proficiency
Field fusion joints should be made by trained, experienced persons that can demonstrate that they can produce sound
joints using the joining procedure and joining equipment. Proficiency is demonstrated by (1) providing written proof that
within 12-months, the person received training in the fusion procedure and equipment that is appropriate for the pipe size
being joined, and that joints made during training were tested and found to be acceptable, or (2) that the person has made
appropriate size fusion joints within 12 months and that not more than 3 unacceptable joints were produced during that
period. Proficiency tests typically include visual inspection and destructive mechanical tests such as bent strap tests or
tensile tests. Visual inspection guidelines for butt fusions are presented in the butt fusion procedures.
Joining WL Plastics Pipe and Other Manufacturer’s Products
Fusion uses controlled heating to melt prepared piping component surfaces, and then joins the melted surfaces under
controlled pressure, which causes the melted surfaces to mix and fuse together. Properly made fusion joints will meet or
exceed the tensile and pressure requirements for the pipe, and do not leak. Fusion procedures are qualified by making
and testing joints to prove short-term and long-term performance.
Correctly made fusion joints do not leak. Leakage at a pressure pipe fusion joint can indicate a faulty joint that can
separate suddenly. If leakage is observed in a pressure pipe fusion joint, move away immediately and depressurize the
line. Do not reapply pressure until the faulty joint has been replaced.
Fusion requires specialized equipment for the particular procedure. Persons making fusion joints should be trained and
experienced in the qualified joining procedure and in equipment setup, operation and maintenance.
 WL Plastics polyethylene piping products are heat fusion joined to themselves or to other products using the qualified
butt fusion and saddle fusion procedures in this publication. WL Plastics polyethylene pipes are made from
polyethylene compounds having material designations that include PE4710, PE3608, PE3408, PE2708 and PE2406.
Some higher material designations will meet or exceed lesser material designations, and where a pipe manufacturing
standard may not incorporate the higher material designation, higher and lesser material designations may be marked
on the pipe. The qualified heat fusion procedures in this publication are used to join WL Plastics pipes made from any
polyethylene compound material designation to WL Plastics pipe having the same material designation or to WL
Plastics pipe having any other or multiple material designations.
 The qualified butt fusion procedures in this publication are consistent with and based on ASTM F2620 and PPI TR-33
generic butt fusion procedures for joining compatible polyethylene products from different compounds and
manufacturers. When joining to other manufacturer’s products, verify that ASTM F 2620 and PPI TR-33 generic butt
fusion procedures are appropriate for use with the other manufacturer’s products.
 When joining WL Plastics pipe to other manufacturer’s saddle fusion products, saddle fusion procedures
recommended by saddle fusion fitting manufacturer should be used. Saddle fusion in accordance with ASTM F 2620
and PPI TR-41 generic saddle fusion procedures are appropriate for use with WL Plastics pipe.
 When WL Plastics piping products are joined using socket fusion, or electrofusion couplings or saddle fittings, the
socket fusion or electrofusion procedures from the fitting manufacturer are observed.
NOTICE – Electrofusion – Strict compliance with the electrofusion fitting manufacturer’s joining instructions is
required to obtain a satisfactory electrofusion joint. Failure to observe all joining instructions and procedures
specified by the electrofusion fitting manufacturer can result in an unsatisfactory joint that can leak or fail. See
WL124.
 When WL Plastics piping products are joined using mechanical devices, the components and procedures from the
mechanical joining device manufacturer are used.
Liquid Hydrocarbon Permeated Pipe
High concentrations (greater than 2%) of liquid hydrocarbons such as crude oil, gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, natural gas
condensates and the like that are in the pipe or in surrounding soil may permeate into the pipe wall. Liquid hydrocarbon
permeation generally has a minor effect on pipe that is already installed and joined. However, weak, unreliable joints can
result when heat fusion is used to join polyolefin piping that has been permeated with liquid hydrocarbons.
In the field, liquid hydrocarbon permeation is indicated by a bubbly or pock-marked surface when the heating tool is
removed during fusion joining. In some instances, the odor of the liquid hydrocarbon from the pipe or the surrounding soil
or an enlarged pipe OD can be an indication.
Research indicates that joints made using pipes having moderate to higher levels of liquid hydrocarbon permeation can
be unreliable, low-strength fusion joints. Low levels of liquid hydrocarbon permeation may not be as deleterious, but there
are no quick field tests to determine the actual level of permeation.
When a bubbly or pock-marked appearance is observed in the melt surface during fusion or in fusion beads after fusion,
the joint should be considered unreliable. Such joints should not be placed in service. When liquid hydrocarbon
permeation is indicated, joining by an approved mechanical method should be used.
BUTT FUSION
General Considerations
Butt fusion joins plain end polyethylene pipes and fittings end to end without couplings, inserts or additional materials.
Butt fusion joining requires butt fusion equipment that holds the components in correct alignment and moves the
components toward and away from each other during preparation, heating and joining operations. The equipment
includes tools to face (plane) and heat the component ends. Butt fusion equipment is manually operated for smaller size
pipes and hydraulically operated for larger sizes. The equipment covers a range of pipe sizes, and must be setup for a
pipe size by adjusting pipe holding clamps, setting the heating tool temperature, and for hydraulic equipment, by setting
the fusion joining pressure. Additional setup will be required depending on the equipment.
 Butt fusion equipment is setup, operated and maintained in accordance with the equipment manufacturer’s
instructions. Improperly setup, operated or maintained fusion equipment can produce faulty joints.
Other equipment such as pipe supports and appropriate equipment for handling pipe and fittings will be required.
Butt Fusion Joining Restrictions
This procedure requires (1) that the ends of pipes and other components such as fittings, flange adapters, MJ adapters,
etc., that are joined together must have the same outside diameter and (2) comparable wall thickness.
OD Compatibility
 Several OD controlled sizing systems are used for PE piping components. These include IPS (iron pipe size), DIPS
(ductile iron pipe size), DIOD (ductile iron outside diameter), CTS (copper tubing size), inch-OD, or mm-OD as
applicable. For butt fusion joining, the component ends being joined must be the same outside diameter dimension
and system. For example, both pipes must be the same IPS diameter, or the same DIPS diameter. Different OD
sizing systems are not compatible, e.g., IPS and DIPS cannot be butt fused to each other. ID controlled (SIDR) pipes
are joined using insert type mechanical fittings and are not suitable for butt fusion joining. See WL116 for applicable
PE pipe standards.
Wall Thickness (DR) Compatibility
 The DR of the lower DR component end must not be less than 0.79 times the DR of higher DR component end. To
determine if components with different DR’s can be joined together, multiply the higher DR by 0.79. If the lower DR is
this number or higher, the components can be joined together using this procedure.
EXAMPLE – What is the lowest DR to which DR 19 can be joined?
DR 19 x 0.79 = DR 15; therefore, joining is acceptable pipe to pipe, or pipe to fitting where the ends to be joined
are DR 15 through DR 19.
 If the DR difference is too great, joining should be by transition nipple, mechanical coupling, electrofusion coupling, or
flanges. A transition nipple is a short section of pipe where one end is the lower DR and the other end is bored to the
higher DR.
Fusion Quality Verification – Data Logging and Testing
WL Plastics recommends that hydraulic butt fusion machines be equipped with data logging technology to monitor and
record time, temperature and pressure during fusion. Field fusion data logger records that compare favorably with tested
trial fusion data logger records can provide confidence in field fusion quality.
Fusion quality may be tested by preparing a trial fusion and performing destructive tests such as ASTM D638 tensile
tests, an ASTM F2620 bent strap test, or ASTM F2634 tensile impact tests of specimens cut from the fusion. Prior to
testing, test samples must be cooled completely to 73°F/23°C.
ASTM D638 tensile tests are conducted on Type III or Type IV tensile bar specimens machined from samples cut
longitudinally from each quadrant of a trial fusion with the fusion in the center of the reduced area. See Figure 1. The
sides of the tensile bar specimen reduced area must be smooth and free from nicks and cuts. If wall thickness is reduced,
the tensile specimen fused area should be from the middle of the pipe wall. After machining, condition test specimens by
immersion in temperature controlled circulating air for not less than 4 hours or in temperature controlled circulating water
for not less than 1 hour. Test at 73°F (23°C) and 50 mm/min (2-in/min) separation rate. Ductile elongation should exceed
400% either between the fusion and the end of the gauge area, or for the entire gauge area length. If desired, the tensile
yield strength of fusion test specimens and pipe parent material test specimens may be compared; however, the preferred
evaluation is ductile elongation rather than tensile yield strength.
Figure 1 Butt Fusion Tensile Specimen Figure 2 Butt Fusion Strap Bend Test Specimen for 1-in
(25 mm) or thinner pipe wall, t
ASTM F2620 includes a bent strap test for pipes having a wall thickness of 1-in (25 mm) or less. Butt fusions may be
evaluated by cutting straps from a trial fusion and conducting an ASTM F2620 strap bend test. See Figure 2. The cut
through the fusion should be visually examined. Voids or disbonded areas are not acceptable. Strap specimens are then
bent with the pipe OD or ID to the inside of the bend so that the ends of the strap touch. Failure or disbondment at the
fusion is unacceptable.
Fusion Evaluation Tests – NDE (Non-Destructive Evaluation)
As of this writing, various proprietary and non-proprietary NDE (non-destructive evaluation) methods such as ultrasonic
and X-ray, an more recently, revised ultrasonic methods such as time of flight diffraction (TOFD), phased array (PA), and
recently a microwave (evisive) technique may claim the ability to inspect for fusion joint quality. However, although these
and various other NDE techniques have been researched for over 40 years none have proved to be reliable indicators of
HDPE fusion joint quality. Research continues, but at this time WL Plastics does not recommend these unproven NDE
methods as indicators of fusion quality because independent, peer reviewed proof of reliability does not exist. The only
reliable NDE inspection technique to date is visual butt fusion bead examination.
Fusion Evaluation Tests – Mechanical Field and Laboratory Tests
ASTM standard tests and techniques such as ASTM D638 tensile tests, ASTM D1598 sustained pressure, ASTM D1599
quick burst, ASTM D1822 tensile impact and ASTM F2634 high speed tensile impact are strongly recommended for
evaluating fusion joint quality. Published ASTM testing procedures have been confirmed to produce reliable, repeatable
results. Unproven, experimental, tests and techniques even those that are being developed, may be too stringent or
ineffective and are not reliable indicators of fusion quality. Experimental tests should not be used until published by
ASTM.
 Tests such as root bend tests for metal welds, bending a strap or coupon in a bench vise, bending back and forth
multiple times, or hammering on bent or unbent specimens are not reliable indicators of butt fusion quality.
 Although commercial equipment is available, sidebend and field tensile tests are unproven, experimental technology
and are not reliable fusion joint quality indicators.
NOTICE – The use of unproven, experimental fusion testing equipment and techniques is at the sole and exclusive risk
and responsibility of the user.
Weather Guidelines
Butt fusion can be successfully performed over a broad range of field conditions. However, some weather, wind and
temperature conditions can affect equipment operation or performance, or can introduce contaminants that can
compromise joint quality. Joining procedures may need to be adjusted to compensate for wind, weather or temperature.
PE pipe and fittings will expand and contract with changes in temperature. If butt fusion machine pipe clamp closure is
limited, shims of elastomeric material may be necessary to secure very cold pipe against slippage. In four-clamp
machines, shims should be used only in the outer clamps.
Wind Effects
The Beaufort Wind Intensity Scale may be used to determine the effect of wind intensity on fusing operations.
 A wind break or shelter should be used when jobsite wind intensity exceeds “gentle breeze” conditions.
 Wind intensity above “strong breeze” may require suspending fusing operations.
Figure 3 Beaufort Wind Intensity Scale
Exposing the fusion heater plate or parts of it to higher wind intensity can cause temperature variations across the heater
plate surface and non-uniform pipe end heating. Higher wind intensity can prematurely cool melted pipe ends that are
exposed during heater plate removal, or can blow contaminants such as dust, dirt, and debris onto the melted pipe ends.
Uneven heating, premature cooling and contamination can compromise fusion joint quality. Shelters or side curtains may
be required on windy days, even warm windy days, to guard against wind chill effects.
Wind can blow into exposed pipe ends, travel through the pipe bore and cool heater surfaces and pipe end melt, or
deposit contamination at the joint. To prevent air flow through the pipe bore, open pipe ends may require plugs or covers.
Precipitation and Airborne Contaminants
Fusion joining operations must be protected against precipitation such as rain, snow, sleet, hail, and against airborne
contamination such as blowing dust, dirt, sand and debris. An overhead canopy may be sufficient in light precipitation. A
fully enclosed shelter is appropriate when precipitation is heavier. Airborne contamination generally occurs in moderate
wind intensity conditions. Fusion operations should be suspended if precipitation, wind driven precipitation or airborne
contamination cannot be kept away from fusion operations.
Temperature Effects
 Temperatures around 90°F (32°C) and above – A shade canopy above fusing operations is recommended to
prevent excessive sunlight heating. Gloves are recommended for equipment and pipe handling.
 Temperatures from about 55°F to 90°F (13°C to 32°C) – No special precautions for temperature are necessary. If
conditions are sunny, black pipe can be much hotter than ambient temperatures. Gloves are recommended for pipe
handling.
 Temperatures from about 32°F to 55°F (0°C to 13°C) – In colder conditions, the initial melt bead will take longer to
develop completely around the pipe ends because the pipe is at a lower temperature.
NEVER INCREASE PRESSURE DURING HEATING TO COMPENSATE FOR COLDER PIPE TEMPERATURE.
Allow additional time for the initial melt bead to develop.
In colder conditions, it will take longer for the melt bead to expand to the correct size because the pipe is at a lower
temperature. The heating plate surface temperature must be within the specified range of 400 to 450°F (204 to
232°C) regardless of ambient temperature or pipe temperature.
NEVER INCREASE HEATING PLATE SURFACE TEMPERATURE FOR COLD PIPE CONDITIONS.
 Temperatures around 32°F (0°C) and lower – Low temperature hydraulic fluids or motor oils may be required, and
equipment may need to be warmed up before use. Gasoline or diesel powered portable generators must be operated
outside of any protective enclosure. In freezing or near freezing conditions, fusing operations should be conducted
within a full enclosure shelter. For sub-freezing conditions (around -4°F (-20°C) and below), a full enclosure shelter
with auxiliary heating should be provided. Pipe ends should be warmed using a heating blanket or warm air devices
to raise the pipe temperature. Warming devices should not exceed 120°F (49°C). Heating blankets should be
wrapped completely around the pipe end for even heating. Warm air heating devices should be positioned to evenly
heat the full circumference of the pipe end. An alternate method of pipe warming is to clamp the pipe ends in the butt
fusion machine, install the heating plate, position the pipe ends within ¼ to ½ inch (6 to 12 mm) of the heater plate
face, and allow the pipe ends to warm for ½ to 1 ½ minutes. Larger diameter and greater wall thickness should
receive longer warming time.
Warming PE pipe by direct open flame is prohibited due to the lack of adequate heating control, the likelihood of oxidative
damage to the pipe ends, and possible pipe ignition.
Butt Fusion Set-Up
Heating Temperature and Interfacial Pressure
 Heating tool surface temperature – 400-450°F (204-232°C)
The heating tool surface temperature is the temperature of surfaces that actually contact the component ends. All heating
tool surface contact areas should be within the specified 400-450°F (204-232°C) temperature range. Heating tool surface
temperature is verified with a pyrometer or an infrared temperature gauge (regular pyrometer and gauge calibration is
recommended). Heating tools usually have a thermometer that reads internal temperature that is normally higher than
surface temperature. Monitor the thermometer to assure that heating tool temperature remains constant during operation.
A deviation in the thermometer reading can indicate faulty heating tool operation or loss of power.
The heating tool surfaces that contact piping component ends have a non-stick coating or covering. The non-stick coating
or covering must be clean and in good condition for proper fusion. Contamination such as plastic residue from previous
fusions can be removed with wood sticks or clean, untreated, dry, lint-free non-synthetic cloths. Never use metal or
abrasive implements to clean heating tool surfaces because these implements will damage the non-stick coating or
covering. Burned or charred material should be removed in accordance with the equipment manufacturer’s instructions.
Never apply chemicals to heating tool surfaces. Some chemicals can be absorbed into the non-stick surface and can
transfer to the pipe ends during fusion and contaminate the joint.
 Hydraulic fusion machine interfacial pressure – 60-90 psi (4.1-6.2 bar)
The interfacial pressure is used to calculate hydraulic fusion equipment settings; it is not the fusion joining
machine setting. For hydraulically operated butt fusion machines, a joining force pressure setting is determined using a
60-90 psi (4.1-6.2 bar) interfacial pressure and the pipe diameter and DR. Internal machine friction and pipe drag
pressures may be added to the joining pressure setting. Follow the equipment manufacturer’s instructions for calculating
and setting joining pressure for hydraulic butt fusion equipment. Butt fusion equipment manufacturers will usually provide
a nomogram or slide rule or computer program for calculating the joining force pressure setting for the pipe size and DR
being joined. The interfacial pressure is entered along with the pipe (or fitting) diameter and DR to calculate the butt
fusion machine fusion pressure regulator setting.
Butt Fusion Procedure
 Before starting the procedure, be sure portable generators are fueled up and heating tool surfaces are at the
prescribed heating tool surface temperature.
The steps for making a butt fusion joint are:
1. Clean the component ends and secure the components in the butt fusion equipment (see Field Cutting, p. 5);
2. Face (plane) the component ends;
3. Align the faced component ends;
4. Melt the component ends – check for proper melt;
5. Join the melted component ends together – apply and maintain joining pressure during cooling.
6. Inspect the completed joint.
Step 1 – Clean and then secure the Components in the Butt Fusion Equipment
Clean the inside and outside of the component (pipe or fitting) by wiping with a clean, untreated, dry, lint-free cloth. Where
pipe ends are to be clamped in the fusion machine, pipe OD surfaces must be clean, dry and free from foreign material
such as ice, snow, frost, water, dirt and other contamination. Pipe interior surfaces within 12 inches (300 mm) of the pipe
end must be clean, dry and free from foreign material such as ice, snow, frost, water, dirt and other contamination. (If
grease or oil contamination is present on the component end, cut it off, or do not use the component. Do not use chain
lubricant in chainsaws.)
Align the cleaned components to the machine clamps, and then securely clamp the components in the machine. The
component ends need to extend past the clamps for facing and joining. Bring the clamped ends together and apply
joining force to ensure that the components do not slip in the clamps. Release joining pressure.
 Never force pipe ends into alignment against open butt fusion equipment clamps. The pipe can spring out of
the open clamp, causing injury or death. Always align the pipe to the clamps, place the pipe in the clamps
and then securely clamp the pipe in the equipment.
 Coiled pipe is usually slightly oval from winding pipe into a coil. Ovality can be minimized or removed by pulling coiled
pipe through commercially available straightening and rerounding equipment. (ASTM D 2513 requires the installer to
straighten and reround.) Coiled pipe that is not straightened and rerounded should be oriented in the butt fusion
machine clamps so that the wide part of the oval is vertical. Tightening the clamps will then round the pipe at the joint.
It can be easier to secure coiled pipes in butt fusion equipment if the coils are oriented to make an “S” curve through
the butt fusion machine; that is, with pipe on one end of the joint curving to the left (or right), and the pipe on the
opposite end curving to the opposite direction, to the right (or left).
 Heavier pipes will require support, sometimes several supports, under the pipe and some distance away from the
fusion machine so that pipes will be aligned straight to each other at the fusion joint. Insufficient support can result in
angular misalignment at the fusion joint, and can cause uneven joining force when the melted pipe ends are brought
together.
Step 2 – Face the Component Ends
The pipe ends are faced (planed) to establish clean, parallel mating surfaces for heating and joining. Butt fusion
equipment includes a facing tool that is placed between the component ends. The facing tool has rotating blades on both
sides that simultaneously plane material from both component ends.
Move the component ends away from each other, install the facing tool between the ends, turn it on, and move the
component ends against the facing tool. Face the component ends until continuous shavings are produced from both
component ends, and the distance between the component ends is the gap specified by the equipment manufacturer.
When facing is complete, stop moving the component ends against the facing tool, and then turn the facing tool off when
shavings are no longer being produced. Separate the component ends and remove the facing tool.
With a clean, untreated, dry, lint-free cloth, remove shavings and chips from the component ends, inside and out, and
from the equipment area between the component ends.
Never touch or wipe faced component ends with bare or gloved hands or any type of cloth or towel. This can introduce
contamination.
Step 3 – Align the Faced Component Ends
After all shavings have been cleared, move the component ends together and if necessary, adjust the component ends so
that the tops are aligned. Always adjust the high side down to the low side by tightening the high side clamp. Never
loosen the low side clamp or components may slip during joining.
If high-low adjustment is made, reinstall the facing tool, briefly reface the component ends, and remove all shavings using
a clean, untreated, dry, lint-free cloth.
Step 4 – Melt the Component Ends
Check the heating tool to be sure the heating tool surfaces are clean and at the prescribed temperature of 400-450°F
(204-232°C).
Hot heating tool surfaces and melted component ends can cause burns. Heat protective gloves and appropriate heat
protective clothing is recommended.
Melting the component ends has two segments, bead-up and heating. Install the hot, clean heating tool between the
component ends, and move the component ends together and against the heating tool surfaces. Bead-up is brief initial
contact with moderate force that assures complete contact between component ends and heating tool surfaces. Bead-up
ends when a SLIGHT indication of melt shows all around both component ends. Heating follows immediately. Reduce
force to zero but maintain contact between the component ends and the heating tool surfaces. AFTER BEAD-UP, DO
NOT FORCE COMPONENT ENDS AGAINST HEATING TOOL SURFACES.
As the component ends heat and melt, beads of molten material will form and expand against the heating tool surface
around the component ends. Maintain zero force contact between the heating tool and component for at least 4.5
minutes for every inch (25.4 mm) of pipe wall thickness.
Minimum heating time under zero contact force, minutes = min wall x 4.5
EXAMPLE – What is the minimum heating time under zero contact force for 12-in IPS DR 11 pipe?
From WL102B, the minimum wall thickness for 12 IPS DR 11 is 1.159-in. 1.159 x 4.5 = 6.3 minutes
Table 1 Minimum Heating Time under Zero Contact Force for WL Plastics FM Approved Pipe, minutes
IPS Size Class 150 Class 200 Class 267
4 1.8 2.4 3.1
6 2.7 3.5 4.5
8 3.5 4.6 5.9
10 4.4 5.7 7.3
12 5.2 6.7 8.7
14 5.7 7.4 9.5
16 6.5 8.5 10.9
18 7.3 9.5 12.3
20 8.1 10.6 13.6
22 9.0 11.7 15.0
24 9.8 12.7 16.4
26 10.6 13.8
28 11.4 14.8
30 12.2 15.9
32 13.0
34 13.9
36 14.7
Continue heating the component ends under zero contact force at least the minimum heating time and until the minimum
melt bead size per Table 2 has developed against the heater face. Melt bead size may be gauged using short lengths of
appropriately sized wood dowel rod.
Heating ends when TWO CRITERIA are met: minimum heating time has met or exceeded 4.5 minutes per inch of pipe
wall, AND minimum melt bead size per Table 2 has been achieved.
Table 2 Melt Bead Size
Pipe Size, in. (mm) Minimum Melt Bead Size, in. (mm)
< 2.37 (60) 1/32 (1)
> 2.37 (60) < 3.5 (89) 1/16 (1.5)
> 3.5 (8.9) < 8.62 (219) 3/16 (5)
> 8.62 (219) < 12.75 (324) ¼ (6)
> 12.75 (324) < 24 (610) 3/8 (10)
> 24 (610) < 36 (900) 7/16 (11)
> 36 (900) < 54 (1372) 9/16 (14)
 Heating time under zero contact force must be at least the minimum heating time. It should require at least minimum
heating time or longer for the Table 2 minimum melt bead size to develop.
 Never force component ends against heating tool surfaces during heating. Force during heating can be indicated by
melt beads curling away from heating tool surfaces, or by forming the Table 2 minimum melt bead size before
minimum heating time.
 For hydraulic butt fusion equipment, the sequence of control valve operation for carriage movement and pressure
control is very important. An improper “shift sequence” can apply force during heating, and cause a weak, unreliable
joint. To avoid force during heating, operate hydraulic control valves in accordance with equipment manufacturer’s
instructions.
 When joining unlike wall thickness components, minimum heating time and melt bead size are determined by the
heavier wall (lower DR) component. The melt bead size of the lighter wall (higher DR) component may be larger.
Step 5 – Remove Heating Tool, Inspect Melt, Join, Apply and Hold Fusion Joining Force
When heating time ends as indicated by the correct melt bead size all around both component ends, use a quick,
smooth, continuous action to separate component ends, remove the heating tool, inspect melt surfaces, join
acceptable melt surfaces together, and apply fusion joining force. The maximum time allowed for Step 5 is shown in
Table 3.
Table 3 Maximum Time for Step 5
Pipe Wall Thickness, in. (mm) Max. Time, seconds
0.20 to 0.36 (5 to 9) 8
>0.36 to 0.55 (9 to 14) 10
>0.55 to 1.18 (14 to 30) 15
>1.18 to 2.5 (30 to 64) 20
>2.5 to 4.5 (64 to 114) 25
When the heating tool is removed, quickly inspect both melted component ends for acceptable melt surfaces.
 Acceptable melt surface appearance is flat, smooth, and completely melted. Non-melted areas are unacceptable.
Do not continue. Allow the melted component ends to cool, and remake the joint from the beginning ( Step 1) using
correct procedure.
 A concave (cupped) melt surface is unacceptable. Do not continue. It indicates pressure applied during heating
that can produce a weak, unreliable joint. Allow the melted component ends to cool, and remake the joint from the
beginning using correct procedure.
 A bubbly or pock-marked melt surface is unacceptable. Do not continue. It indicates liquid hydrocarbon
contamination in the pipe wall that can result in a weak, unreliable joint. Allow the melted component ends to cool,
adjust the component ends in the butt fusion machine and reface to remove the cooled melt beads. Use a
mechanical connection device that is designed for joining polyethylene piping components to join liquid hydrocarbon
contaminated piping components.
Acceptable melt surfaces. Quickly move acceptable melted component ends together and apply fusion joining force.
(Exceeding Table 3 Step 5 time can allow melted component ends to cool, and cause a weak, unreliable joint.) (In cold
weather, hydraulic machines may require low temperature hydraulic fluid.)
The correct fusion joining force is the force required to roll the melt beads over to the component OD surfaces,
not more; not less. Fusion joining force is held steady while the joint cools and solidifies.
 When joining unlike wall thickness components, correct fusion joining force is obtained when the melt bead of the
lighter wall (higher DR) component is rolled over to the component OD surface; the melt bead of the heavier wall
(lower DR) component may not roll over completely to the component OD surface.
Manual equipment may be equipped with a torque wrench to indicate fusion joining force. The correct torque wrench
value is the value obtained when the melt beads are rolled over to the component OD surfaces.
For hydraulic butt fusion equipment, the initial joining force pressure setting is calculated using interface pressure, pipe
size and DR and equipment manufacturer’s instructions. Observe the melt bead roll as the component ends are joined
together and joining force is applied. Joining force pressure adjustment may be appropriate as follows:
 If melt bead roll is incomplete, increase fusion joining force (pressure setting) to obtain melt bead roll over to the OD
surface.
 If fusion joining force (pressure setting) is too high, the melt beads will roll over to the OD surface and then continue
down the surface, producing a flat top melt bead appearance that indicates a potentially weak, unreliable
unacceptable joint. Allow the joint to cool, cut through the joint, and repeat the joining procedure using a fusion
joining force (pressure setting) that is reduced to the correct value.
Maintain Fusion Joining Force During Cooling. If fusion joining force is relaxed while materials in the joint are still
molten, voids can develop in the joint causing a weak, unreliable joint.
Cooling time under fusion joining force will vary depending on pipe size and wall thickness with larger sizes and thicker
walls taking longer. During cooling, maintain fusion force against the piping component ends for at least 11 minutes per
inch (25.4 mm) of pipe wall. For ambient temperatures 100°F and higher, additional cooling time may be needed. The
equation below may be used to determine minimum cool time under joining force for WL Plastics pipe. See WL102A and
WL102B for IPS pipe dimensions. See WL104 for DIPS pipe dimensions. See Table 4 for FM Approved pipe cooling
time.
Minimum cool time under joining force, minutes = min wall x 11
EXAMPLE – What is the minimum cooling time under joining force for 12-in IPS DR 11 pipe?
From WL102B, the minimum wall thickness for 12 IPS DR 11 is 1.159-in. 1.159 x 11 = 12.7 minutes
Table 4 Minimum Cool Time under Joining Force for WL Plastics FM Approved Pipe, minutes
IPS Size Class 150 Class 200 Class 267
4 4.5 5.8 7.5
6 6.6 8.6 11.0
8 8.6 11.2 14.4
10 10.7 13.9 17.9
12 12.7 16.5 21.2
14 14.0 18.1 23.3
16 15.9 20.7 26.7
18 17.9 23.3 30.0
20 19.9 25.9 33.3
22 21.9 28.5 36.6
24 23.9 31.1 40.0
26 25.9 33.7
28 27.9 36.3
30 29.9 38.9
32 31.9
34 33.9
36 35.9
 Do not apply water or wet cloths to the joint because it can result in weak, unreliable joints.
(An equipment-controlled chilled air fusion procedure system that has been qualified by testing in accordance with
ASTM F2620, PPI TR-33, and fusion procedure qualification requirements in Codes such as 49 CFR Part 192 may be
acceptable if approved by the system owner or operator. The system owner or operator may require documentation
from the fusion joining service provider such as qualification testing of fusion procedure, operator qualification testing,
or other information. WL Plastics does not qualify, certify, test, endorse or approve procedures, equipment, personnel
or services provided by others.)
 When removed from the butt fusion equipment, additional, undisturbed cooling time is required before pulling, rough
handling or installation.
Step 6 – Visually Inspect Fusion Bead and Joint Appearance
Correctly made butt fusion joints have cooled melt beads that are:
 Rolled over to the component OD surface;
 Uniform in size and shape all around the joint;
PE4710 melt beads will be slightly taller and narrower compared to PE3608 or PE2708 melt beads that tend to be slightly
lower and broader. This is normal. If PE4710 pipe is joined to PE3608 or PE2708 pipe, a bead shape difference may be
apparent. Bead size and shape should be consistent for the piping material.
 Rounded on the top;
 The combined width of the beads should be roughly twice the height above the component OD surface;
 The v-groove between the beads should not be deeper than half the bead height above the component OD surface.
Troubleshooting – Incorrectly made butt fusion joints can be weak and unreliable, and should not be placed in service.
Cut the joint out and remake the butt fusion from the beginning using correct procedure.
Indications and possible causes of incorrect butt fusion procedure that could produce a weak, unreliable joint are:
 Beads not rolled over to the OD surface – Insufficient joining force when the v-groove is shallow, or insufficient
heating and excessive joining force when the v-groove is deep.
 Non-uniform bead size or shape around the joint – Misalignment (angular or vertical); defective heating tool (cold
spots); worn butt fusion equipment (allows components to shift out of alignment); incomplete facing or defective facing
tool (dull or damaged blades); component slipped in clamps; inadequate pipe support, especially for larger pipes.
 Beads flat on the top – Heating too long or excessive joining force.
 Beads with a squareish outer edge – Pressure during heating.
 Beads too large or too small – Excessive heating time (beads too large); inadequate heating or joining force (beads
too small).
 V-groove between beads too deep – Pressure during heating; insufficient heating or excessive joining force.
 Pockmarked or bubbly bead appearance – Liquid hydrocarbon contamination. (Cut the butt fusion out and use a
mechanical joining method.)
Approximate Butt Fusion Joining Rates
Actual jobsite joining rates will vary depending on pipe size and wall thickness (DR), jobsite conditions, product staging,
equipment condition, crew size and experience, and handling equipment, and do not include time for equipment setup,
string to string tie-in joints or butt fusion in the trench that require additional time.
Table 5 Approximate Field Joining Rates – Butt Fusion
Nominal Pipe Size, in Approx. Fusions per Day
≤ 10 15 – 40
10 – 18 10 – 24
18 – 24 6 – 16
24 – 36 5 – 15
36 – 48 4 –10
54 3–8
Bead Removal
Butt fusion produces melt beads on the inside of the pipe as well as on the outside. For pressure piping applications,
internal beads have negligible flow effects. Internal bead effects are incorporated in recommended flow resistance factors
for WL Plastics polyethylene pipe used with engineering formulas such as Hazen-Williams, Manning, Moody, Colebrook,
Darcy-Weisback, Mueller, etc. See the PPI Calculator (http://plasticpipe.org/publications/software-ppi-calculator.html).
The cost of internal bead removal is seldom justified because fusions must be completely cooled before bead removal.
External beads are sometimes removed for installations where the pipe must fit closely inside a casing or host pipe.
 Fusion joints must be completely cool before bead removal. Bead removal before complete cooling can cause a
notch at the fusion that can result in premature failure at the joint.
 Bead removal must never extend into or below the pipe surface. Cuts into the pipe surface can cause premature
failure at the joint.
 Joints are inspected for correct bead size and shape before external bead removal.
 Internal bead removal can significantly increase joining and installation time.
SADDLE (SIDEWALL) FUSION, SOCKET FUSION AND ELECTROFUSION

WL Plastics polyethylene pipe can be joined to saddle fusion, socket fusion and electrofusion fittings. Obtain saddle
fusion, socket fusion and electrofusion joining procedures and instructions from the fitting manufacturer. Use the fittings,
tools equipment and procedures specified by the fitting manufacturer. See ASTM F2620, ASTM F1290 and WL124.
NOTICE – Electrofusion coupling, saddle and restraint fittings – Strict compliance with the electrofusion fitting
manufacturer’s joining instructions is required to obtain a satisfactory electrofusion joint. Failure to observe all
joining instructions and procedures specified by the electrofusion fitting manufacturer can result in an
unsatisfactory joint that can leak or fail.
Electrofusion coupling, saddle and restraint fittings have electric heating elements embedded in each end of the coupling
or in the saddle or restraint base. (Electrofusion restraints are used to install a collar segments around the pipe for
restraint against longitudinal movement.) Component preparation and joining must be in strict accordance with the
electrofusion fitting manufacturer’s instructions. Improper preparation or joining procedure can result in joint leakage or
failure. Persons making electrofusion joints should be trained and qualified in the electrofusion fitting manufacturer’s
joining procedure.
EXTRUSION AND HOT-AIR (HOT-GAS) WELDING

Extrusion welding heats prepared component ends and extrudes a bead of melted polyethylene between the prepared,
preheated surfaces. Extrusion welding is frequently used for large, non-pressure fabrications such as manholes.
However, even the best made extrusion welds cannot develop the strength and long-term performance required for
pressure piping service.
Never use extrusion welding to make joints in WL Plastics polyethylene pressure piping systems.
Hot-air (hot-gas) welding preheats prepared component ends with a hot gas, and feeds a rod of plastic material into the
heated area. The hot-gas heats and melts the component surfaces and the welding rod together.
The plastic materials used for WL Plastics polyethylene pipe are not suitable for hot-air (hot-gas) welding.
Never use hot-air (hot-gas) welding to join pressure or non-pressure WL Plastics polyethylene pipe.
TAPERED PIPE THREADS

Polyethylene pipe is generally too ductile for successful joining with tapered pipe threads. Taper pipe threads are easily
cross threaded and stripped, and are not suitable for pressure systems.
Do not use tapered pipe threads to make joints in WL Plastics pressure piping systems.
MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS
Mechanical joining devices for end to end and branch connections are available from other manufacturers for use with
polyethylene pipe. Depending on design, mechanical connections can provide leak-tightness and full or partial restraint
against pullout disjoining. Full restraint is such that tensile load will cause the pipe to yield before disjoining. Partial
restraint resists disjoining under tensile load, but disjoining will occur before the pipe yields. Partial restraint can also be
provided with separate mechanical devices (collars and tie rods) installed across the mechanical connection. If used, joint
restraints require pipe ID stiffeners under the restraint collars.
Consult the mechanical connection manufacturer about suitability for use with polyethylene pipe, leak-tightness, and
restraint. Do not use mechanical connection devices that are not intended for use with polyethylene pipe.
 Mechanical connections are always installed in accordance with the mechanical connection manufacturer’s
instructions.
Joint Restraint and Thrust Blocks
Connections within and to WL Plastics polyethylene pressure piping systems must seal against internal pressure and
leakage, and must provide restraint against tensile pull-out. Mechanical connections that do not provide sufficient
resistance to tensile pullout are not suitable for use with WL Plastics polyethylene pipe. Heat fused polyethylene piping
will transmit thermal contraction and internal pressure tensile loads from length to length along the piping run. The
cumulative load can disjoin unrestrained or inadequately restrained in-line mechanical connections in or at the end of the
run. Full restraint is necessary for some applications, but many applications can successfully utilize mechanical
connections that provide or are fitted with external mechanical restraint that exceeds the pullout load that may develop.
Thrust blocks used for bell and spigot joined piping systems are not suitable or effective joint restraints for polyethylene
piping systems. Thrust blocks are designed to keep bell joint components from being pushed off the pipe end (spigot), but
have no capacity to keep pipe from being pulled out of the bell.
Fully restrained, leak-tight mechanical connections can include flange adapters and stub ends, mechanical joint (MJ)
adapters, transition fittings, and some mechanical compression couplings.
Flange adapters and stub ends are butt fused to PE pipe, and can be used to join PE to other flanged piping materials.
Flange adapters have an extended hub for clamping in butt fusion equipment. Stub ends have a short hub, and require
special stub end holders for butt fusion. Flanges require back-up rings that carry the bolts and distribute bolting pressure
uniformly over the sealing surface. Flange connections must be installed, aligned and tightened in accordance with the
flange manufacturer’s instructions, and must be protected against shear and bending loads. Some flanges have serrated
sealing surfaces that under certain conditions do not require gaskets for a leak-tight seal. See PPI TN-38 for flange
bolting information (http://plasticpipe.org/pdf/tn-38_bolt_torque_flanged_joints.pdf).
Mechanical joint (MJ) Adapters are used in water systems to connect to mechanical joint fittings, appurtenances and pipe.
Standard MJ connection gaskets and glands are used with extended length bolts.
Transition fittings are typically factory made polyethylene to metal pipe connections that are heat fused to polyethylene
pipe, and welded or mechanically joined to metal pipe.
Restrained mechanical compression couplings use a stiffener or tubular insert in the pipe ID, and OD components that
grip the pipe wall and compress the pipe OD against the ID stiffener or tubular insert. Gaskets provide leak tightness.
Some mechanical coupling devices have serrated lugs or setscrews that secure into the pipe OD. Depending on the
design, some restraint against pullout can be provided. Devices of this type must be specifically intended for use with
polyethylene pipe, and must be installed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. When used, additional measures
to control longitudinal (axial) loads may be required. These devices may be suitable only for underground service. Before
use with WL Plastics polyethylene pipe, consult the device manufacturer for service and use limitations, and observe
manufacturer’s installation instructions.
For some mechanical coupling devices, restraint can be provided with clamp and tie rod devices. These external restraint
devices generally require pipe ID stiffeners that extend under the clamp.
Mechanical branch outlet connections are typically sleeve or saddle designs. Sleeve designs wrap completely around the
main pipe and use bolted seam closures. Gaskets that encircle the main pipe or encircle the outlet hole provide leak
tightness.
Saddle branch outlet designs cover part of the main pipe surface and use straps or bands to secure the saddle to the
pipe. Gaskets encircling the branch outlet seal against leakage. For PE pipe, wide saddles with multiple straps or bands
should be used.
PRESSURE TESTING
Hydrostatic Pressure Leak Testing
Hydrostatic pressure leak testing in accordance with ASTM F2164 is recommended for leak tests of installed WL Plastics
piping systems. Other leak testing procedures can produce false negative results that are not representative of the leak
tightness of the system.
 ASTM F2164 Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Piping Systems Using Hydrostatic Pressure – ASTM
F2164 uses a pressurized liquid (such as clean water) to determine if leaks exist in an installed polyethylene pressure
piping system. Copies are available from ASTM at www.astm.org.
 Polyethylene piping systems that convey liquids under pressure are tested with liquids (hydrostatic testing). Do not
substitute pneumatic tests for lines that transport liquids.
Failure during leak testing can cause the sudden, violent movement of pipe, components or surrounding
materials that can kill or injure persons in their path. Pipes and components shall be restrained before and
during testing such that any movement from failure does not endanger persons.
Correctly made fusion joints do not leak. Leakage at a fusion can immediately precede sudden joint separation. If
leakage is observed at a fusion joint, move away immediately and depressurize the line. Repair (cut out and replace) the
fusion joint before pressure is reapplied.
Never attempt to repair leaks while piping is under pressure. Always depressurize piping before making repairs.
Pneumatic Pressure Leak Testing
Testing with a compressed gas (pneumatic testing) is dangerous. Pipe connection or closure failure can
explosively release pipe pressurizing energy and gas compression energy, causing violent movement of pipes,
parts or surrounding materials that can kill or injure persons in their path.
 NEVER SUBSTITUTE PNEUMATIC (COMPRESSED GAS) TESTING FOR HYDROSTATIC TESTING.
 DO NOT USE PNEUMATIC (COMPRESSED GAS) TESTING FOR PIPELINES THAT TRANSPORT LIQUIDS
UNDER PRESSURE.
 ASTM F2786 Standard Practice for Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Piping Systems Using Gaseous
Media Under Pressure (Pneumatic Leak Testing)
ASTM F2786 is limited to use where the owner or operator does not have an established pneumatic leak testing
procedure. See the scope of ASTM F2786 for limitations on applicability and use.
 ASTM F1417 Installation Acceptance of Plastic Gravity Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air
ASTM F1417 uses low pressure (3.5 psi) air to determine if leaks exist in an installed non-pressure plastic gravity
sewer piping system.
Field Pressure Rating Tests
WL Plastics HDPE pipes are pressure-rated in accordance with ASTM and PPI standards. Pressure rating requires
testing scores of pipe samples for up to 10,000 hours (1.2 years) and then applying a prescribed mathematical analysis of
the data. The pressure rating generated from this extensive work provides a pipe strength rating for decades of sustained
internal pressure service. Compared to the body of long-term test data and analysis required for pressure rating, field
tests for a few hours or even days cannot confirm pipe pressure rating. Field pressure tests are for leakage evaluation
and are not capable of verifying system design pressure rating.
INSTALLATION
 Buried gravity flow piping is installed per ASTM D2321 Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and
Other Gravity-Flow Applications.
 Buried pressure piping is installed per ASTM D2774 Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pressure Piping.
 Contact WL Plastics for technical information. WL Plastics does not provide design or engineering services.
REPAIR
Polyethylene pipe is tough, but not immune to damage. Depending on the nature of the damage and application
requirements, polyethylene pipe systems may be repairable, or the damaged pipe section replaced, or no action may be
necessary. Damage that impairs the leak tightness or potential integrity of the system should be addressed.
Damaged pressure pipe having a remaining wall that is less than 90% of the minimum wall thickness required for the
application’s pressure requirements may be considered for replacement. Non-pressure and low stress applications may
withstand greater damage. A section of pipe that has been punctured should be replaced. Depending on the shape of the
damage, scrapes and gouges may offer initiation sites for future failures from stresses applied to the pipe. Sharp
scratches tend to concentrate stress while blunt damage may be relatively benign.
Mechanical repair sleeves may be used to temporarily restore leak-tightness so that proper repairs can be scheduled.
Wrap around pipe repair sleeves are typically used for temporary leak repair. Integrity cannot be restored by adding
material to the pipe with extrusion or hot-gas (hot air) welding.
Replacement repair requires cutting the damaged section out, and replacing it with undamaged pipe. When piping
upstream and downstream of the damaged section is immobile, such as with buried pipe, restrained mechanical joints or
couplings or electrofusion couplings are commonly used to connect the new section into the existing pipe. Butt fusion
may be used when sufficient lateral movement of the existing pipe is available.
Replacement repair requires taking the existing line out of service during the repair. Bypassing may be required if service
must be maintained.
OPERATING PROCEDURES
Disinfecting Potable Water Piping
AWWA C651 Disinfecting Water Mains is recommended for disinfecting new and repaired potable water piping. AWWA
C651 temporarily treats the pipeline with a chlorine solution to chemically disinfect the pipeline. Disinfecting solutions
should not exceed 12% active chlorine because greater concentration and prolonged exposure can damage the
polyethylene material.
Squeeze-Off
Squeeze-off is a temporary flow control procedure where the pipe is flattened between parallel bars. It is commonly used
in gas distribution piping operations, and limited to smaller pipes where tools that meet ASTM F1563 are available. ASTM
F1041 is recommended as a squeeze-off procedure. Squeeze tools that do not meet ASTM F1563 and/or procedures
that do not comply with ASTM F1041 can result in pipe damage that can cause leaks or compromise service life. Never
squeeze-off more than once at the same point.
Cleaning
Non-pressure gravity flow pipelines operating at low velocity (typically 2 fps or lower) may allow sediment deposits in the
pipe invert. Higher velocity flows may dislodge and flush sediment deposits, or high pressure water or soft pigs may be
used to clean the pipeline.
Water jet cleaning employs high-pressure water sprays from a nozzle that is drawn through the pipeline. Pigging uses
pressure to force a soft plastic plug or “pig” through the pipe. The pig is launched at one end, and caught in a basket or
receiver at the other end. Scraper or bucket pigs will damage polyethylene pipe and should not be used.
REFERENCES
API – American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070 USA, phone 202-682-8000,
http://api-ec.api.org.
15LE Polyethylene Line Pipe (PE)
ASTM – ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA Phone:
(610) 832-9585 Fax: (610) 832-9555, www.astm.org.
D638 Tensile Properties of Plastics
D1598 Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe under Constant Internal Pressure
D1599 Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
D2321 Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications.
D2513 Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing and Fittings
D2774 Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pressure Piping.
D3035 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter
F714 Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on Outside Diameter
F905 Qualification of Polyethylene Saddle Fusion Joints
F1041 Squeeze-Off of Polyolefin Gas Pressure Pipe and Tubing
F1417 Installation Acceptance of Plastic Gravity Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air
F1563 Tools to Squeeze-off Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe or Tubing
F2164 Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Piping Systems Using Hydrostatic Pressure
F2620 Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings
F2786 Standard Practice for Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Piping Systems Using Gaseous Media
Under Pressure (Pneumatic Leak Testing)
AWWA – American Water Works Association, 666 W, Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235-3098 USA, phone 800-926-7337,
www.awwa.org.
C651 Disinfecting Water Mains
C901 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Tubing, ½ in. (13 mm) through 3 in. (76 mm) for Water Service
C906 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe and Fittings, 4 in. (100 mm) through 63 in. (1,575 mm) for Water Distribution and
Transmission
PPI – Plastics Pipe Institute, 1825 Connecticut Ave NW Suite 680, Washington, DC 20009 USA Phone: 202-462-9607
Fax: 202-462-9779, www.plasticpipe.org.
TR-33 Generic Butt Fusion Joining Procedure for Polyethylene Gas Pipe
TR-41 Generic Saddle Fusion Joining Procedure for Polyethylene Gas Piping.
Office of Pipeline Safety, Research and Special Programs Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, 400
Seventh Street, S.W., Rm. 2103, Washington D.C. 20590-0001, 202-366-4595, http://ops.dot.gov.
CFR Title 49, Part 192 Transportation of Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline: Minimum Federal Safety Standards
Technical Assistance ● Phone: 307-277-1772 or 435-867-8908 ● E-Mail: wltechnical@wlplastics.com
Website ● www.wlplastics.com
WL Plastics Corporation WL Plastics Corporation WL Plastics Corporation

PO Box 1120 PO Box 627 2151 West Park Road
207 North Pyrite 4660 West Highway 56 Elizabethtown, KY 42702
Mills, WY 82644 Cedar City, UT 84721 Customer Service – 270-765-1020
Customer Service – 307-472-6000 Customer Service – 435-867-8908 270-765-1030 fax
307-472-6200 fax 435-865-2703 fax
WL Plastics Corporation WL Plastics Corporation Ltd WL Plastics Corporation
PO Box 32 PO Box 860 2160 South Business 84
1111 Old Wise Road 1030 Western Drive Snyder, TX 79549
Bowie, TX 76230 Crossfield, AB T0M 0S0 Canada Customer Service – 325-574-6100
Customer Service – 940-872-8300 Customer Service – 403-946-0202 325-574-6101 fax
940-872-8304 fax 403-946-0252 fax
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
Attachment 3
Williston Hunter Canada, Incorporated Financial Statement
Attachment 4
Proposed Gas Gathering Pipeline Abandonment Cost Estimate
Pipeline and Equipment Future Abandonment Cost Estimate
General Information
Per NEB Reasons for Decision: Abandonment Cost Estimates MH-
Calculation -
001-2012, February 2013 (Adobe 85-90)
Pipeline by diameter category - Small (<50 km)
Service - Gas
Land Use Category - 100% Cultivated
80% Abandon in Place
Abandonment Method -
20% Removal
Pipeline Length - 2.8 km
Number of above ground facilities to be
1
removed-
Total Estimated Costs

Broad Category Method Pipeline Features Average Cost Cost by Category
Engineering & Project Management A/R N/A 20% $24,920.00
Abandonment Preparation
a. Land access and clean up A/R
2.8 km $4,000.00 $11,200.00
b. Pipeline Purging and Cleaning A/R
Pipeline Abandonment-in-Place
a. Basic Pipeline Abandonment-in-Place A 2.24 km $10,000.00 $22,400.00
b. Provision for Post abandonment activities A 2.24 km $20,000.00 $44,800.00
Special treatment N/A N/A N/A N/A
Pipeline Removal
a. Pipeline Removal and backfilling R 0.56 km
$100,000.00 $56,000.00
b. Pipeline Removal – land restoration R 0.56 km
Above-ground facilities
a. All facilities A/R $35,000.00 $35,000.00
b. Portions removed R $35,000.00 Incl. in 6a
c. Portions left in place A N/A N/A
Contingency N/A N/A 25% $48,580.00
Total Cost (e.g. in 2010 dollars) for future abandonment activities $242,900.00
Notes:
1. Recommended base case of 80% Abandon in place, 20% Removal used.
2. Pipeline terrain is flat, predisturbed agricultural land (Prairie lands).
3. Above-ground facilities to remove include a pig sender and associated valves located at an existing oil battery.
Attachment 5
Commercial Third Party Notification
SASKATCHEWAN
LLOYDMINS PRINCE
TER
16
ALBERT
16
NORTH
BATTLEFORD MELFORT
6
11 2
HUMBOLDT
ALBERTA SASKATOON 35
7
11
MANITOBA
7
2
4
15
YORKTON
10
6 15
35 10
16
11
10 MELVILLE
SWIFT
CURREN
4
T REGINA
1
MOOSE JAW 35
1
WEYBURN
4
ESTEVAN
5
CROSBY
PROPOSED 52
83
WILLISTON HUNTER / MINOT

BAKKEN HUNTER WILLISTON
2
2
MINNESOT
PIPELINE GRAND
FORKS
NORTH DAKOTA
MONTANA
FARGO
DICKINSON 94
94 JAMESTOWN
BISMARK
SOUTH DAKOTA
Global Map
SHOWING
PROPOSED WILLISTON HUNTER CANADA, INC. / BAKKEN HUNTER, LLC. PIPELINE
Tie-in point in 12-11-1-10-2 Battery Site to Tie-in point in NE 35-164-97-2, Oneok CDP Site
NAD 83 UTM ZONE 13
CAMP
GROUND
OUTRAM
ESTEVAN
2-10-2 2-9-2 2-8-2

SO
U RIS
RIVE
R
18
BOUNDARY
DAM
RESERVOIR
RECREATION
SITE
47
BOUNDARY
DAM
RESERVOIR
WILLISTON HUNTER
1-10-2 1-9-2 1-8-2
12-11
TABLELAND CENTRAL
BATTERY & SWD
DISPOSAL
703
WEST BOUNDARY OF R/W WEST BOUNDARY OF R/W

IS 5653.796m EAST OF IS 2496.781m WEST OF
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY
MARKER No. 606. MARKER No. 610.
CANADA
25.00m (82.02') CANADA
U.S.A. U.S.A.
75.00' (22.86m)
164-97-2 164-96-2 164-95-2
ONEOK
CDP SITE
40
163-97-2 163-96-2 163-95-2
CROSBY
Regional Map
LEGEND: SHOWING
PROPOSED WILLISTON HUNTER CANADA, INC. / BAKKEN HUNTER, LLC PIPELINE
WILLISTON HUNTER CANADA, INC. PIPELINE:
Tie-in point in 12-11-1-10-2 Battery Site to Tie-in point in NE 35-164-97-2, Oneok CDP Site
BAKKEN HUNTER, LLC PIPELINE:
WITHIN
ONEOK DIVIDE COUNTY
GAS GATHERING SYSTEM: TWP. 1 - RGE.'s 9 & 10 - W.2M. 0 ISSUED OCTOBER 29, 2013 TW
CANADA - UNITED STATES BORDER: SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA No. DESCRIPTION DATE BY

REVISION
HIGHWAY: AND
DEVELOPED RM ROADS: TWP. 164 - RGE. 97 - W.2M. #200, 2275 Albert St.
Regina, Saskatchewan S4P 2V5
RESIDENCE: NORTH DAKOTA, U.S.A. Ph: 775-1814 Fax: 775-1818
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY MARKER:

SCALE 1 : 130 000
PHOTOGRAPHY DATE: DATE: OCT. 29, 2013 JOB No. : 313-5625
NAD 83 UTM ZONE 13 CANADA: 2011 USA: 2008 T:\MAPPING\2013\313-0634\313-5625M01.DWG
WILLISTON HUNTER
12-11
TABLELAND CENTRAL Regional Map
SHOWING
BATTERY & SWD PROPOSED WILLISTON HUNTER CANADA, INC.

/ BAKKEN HUNTER, LLC. PIPELINE
8 9 10
DISPOSAL 12 7
Tie-in point in 12-11-1-10-2 Battery Site to Tie-in point in NE 35-164-97-2,
Oneok CDP Site
WITHIN
1-10-2 1-9-2 TWP. 1 - RGE.'s 9 & 10 - W.2M.
1-10-2 1-10-2 1-10-2
11 SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA
AND
1-10-2
TWP. 164 - RGE. 97 - W.2M.
NORTH DAKOTA, U.S.A.
SCALE 1 : 20 000
NAD 83 UTM ZONE 13
5
2
1-10-2
WEST BOUNDARY OF R/W 6
LEGEND:
4 3 1
1-10-2
1-10-2 1-10-2 IS 2496.781m WEST OF
1-10-2 1-9-2
25m (82.02')
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY BAKKEN HUNTER, LLC PIPELINE:
ONEOK DIVIDE COUNTY
MARKER No. 610.

GAS GATHERING SYSTEM:
CANADA - UNITED STATES BORDER:
HIGHWAY:
DEVELOPED RM ROADS:
RGE.9
RESIDENCE:
CANADA TWP.1 TWP.1 INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY MARKER

TWP.164 TWP.164
U.S.A.
RGE.96
RGE.97
30 29 28 27 26 25 30
164-97-2 164-97-2 164-97-2 164-97-2 164-97-2 164-96-2
164-97-2
75' (22.86m)
WEST BOUNDARY OF R/W
IS 5653.796m EAST OF
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY
MARKER No. 606.
31 32 33 34
164-97-2 35 36 31
164-97-2 164-97-2 164-97-2
164-97-2 164-97-2 164-96-2
ONEOK
CDP SITE
163-97-2
TWP.163 TWP.163
RGE.97
RGE.96
0 ISSUED OCTOBER 29, 2013 TW

No. DESCRIPTION DATE BY
REVISION
6 5 4 3 2 1 6 #200, 2275 Albert St.

S U R V E Y S L T D
163-97-2 163-97-2 163-97-2 163-97-2 163-96-2 Ph: 775-1814 Fax: 775-1818
163-97-2

CANADA: 2011 USA: 2008 T:\MAPPING\2013\313-0634\313-5625M01.DWG
WILLISTON HUNTER
12-11
TABLELAND CENTRAL Regional Map
SHOWING
BATTERY & SWD PROPOSED WILLISTON HUNTER CANADA, INC.

/ BAKKEN HUNTER, LLC. PIPELINE
8 9 10
DISPOSAL 12 7
Tie-in point in 12-11-1-10-2 Battery Site to Tie-in point in NE 35-164-97-2,
Oneok CDP Site
WITHIN
1-10-2 1-9-2 TWP. 1 - RGE.'s 9 & 10 - W.2M.
1-10-2 1-10-2 1-10-2
11 SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA
AND
1-10-2
TWP. 164 - RGE. 97 - W.2M.
NORTH DAKOTA, U.S.A.
SCALE 1 : 20 000
NAD 83 UTM ZONE 13
5
2
1-10-2
WEST BOUNDARY OF R/W 6
LEGEND:
4 3 1
1-10-2
1-10-2 1-10-2 IS 2496.781m WEST OF
1-10-2 1-9-2
25m (82.02')
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY BAKKEN HUNTER, LLC PIPELINE:
ONEOK DIVIDE COUNTY
MARKER No. 610.

GAS GATHERING SYSTEM:
CANADA - UNITED STATES BORDER:
HIGHWAY:
DEVELOPED RM ROADS:
RGE.9
RESIDENCE:
CANADA TWP.1 TWP.1 INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY MARKER

TWP.164 TWP.164
U.S.A.
RGE.96
RGE.97
30 29 28 27 26 25 30
164-97-2 164-97-2 164-97-2 164-97-2 164-97-2 164-96-2
164-97-2
75' (22.86m)
WEST BOUNDARY OF R/W
IS 5653.796m EAST OF
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY
MARKER No. 606.
31 32 33 34
164-97-2 35 36 31
164-97-2 164-97-2 164-97-2
164-97-2 164-97-2 164-96-2
ONEOK
CDP SITE
163-97-2
TWP.163 TWP.163
RGE.97
RGE.96
0 ISSUED OCTOBER 29, 2013 TW

No. DESCRIPTION DATE BY
REVISION
6 5 4 3 2 1 6 #200, 2275 Albert St.

S U R V E Y S L T D
163-97-2 163-97-2 163-97-2 163-97-2 163-96-2 Ph: 775-1814 Fax: 775-1818
163-97-2

CANADA: 2011 USA: 2008 T:\MAPPING\2013\313-0634\313-5625M01.DWG

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NEB File No.

1.7 Ability to finance the proposed facilities

Reference: i) Application A3R7X5, part EC4, PDF page 8 of 12.

ii) NEB Filing Manual, Sections A.3.4, Financing, http://www.neb-

Reference ii) states that an applicant for a physical project is required to

Request: a) Please provide evidence on the applicant’s financial situation,

a.1) a description of any financing for the proposed facilities

a.2) a description of how cost overruns will be financed, should

a.3) an update on any sales of Canadian assets of Williston

a.4) a copy of the most recent audited financial statement for

a.5) Any other information relevant to the applicant’s ongoing

b) Should the Board determine that the evidence provided in the

Further, Williston Hunter Canada, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of

a.3) Magnum Hunter is currently contemplating the sale of Williston

a.4 and a.5):

i) Williston Hunter 2013 Unaudited USD Financial Statements,

ii) Magnum Hunter Audited USD Financial Statements

iii) Magnum Hunter 2013 Unaudited USD Financial Statements

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

Copper Steel Core

Reinforced Tracer Wire pioneered by Copperhead provides the

New Copperhead SuperFlex offers the advantage

Experience the benefits:

Copperhead Industries, LLC

Copperhead SuperFlex vs. Solid Copper Wire

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Virgin high-density polyethylene Vinyl and Nylon coatings are

Copperhead SuperFlex steel Copper wires inability to stretch

SuperFlex's higher breaking The need to use a heavier gauge wire

during installation higher project costs

Tracer wire shall be (#12 AWG) High-Strength copper-clad steel

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#12 CCS Superflex Soft Drawn 250#

Part #s: 1230*-SF-500 / 1230*-SF-1000 / 1230*-SF-2500

COPPERHEAD * 12 AWG-SOLID SUPERFLEX SF-CCS TRACER WIRE * 30 MIL HDPE *

COPPERHEAD INDUSTRIES, LLC

Recommended Purchasing Description:

Conductor Specifications for High Strength Tracer Wire

3. Physical, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties

2. Physical, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties

Material Spool Spool Size Spools / Box Shipping

Spool Size Flange Traverse Barrel Arbor Hole Material Color

High Impact Polystyrene 1/8"

High Impact Polystyrene 1/8"

OUTLINE > • The Nature of Fiberglass

Important Note Limited Warranty

The Nature of Fiberglass

GENERAL RULES > Some General Rules for Assembly of Fiberglass

3. Inspect for damage every time the product is handled.

THREADS > Non-sealing Threads

LUBRICANT / > Thread Dope

Centron Approved Thread Dope:

• cushioning the impact of the initial stabbing operation

ELASTOMERIC > Rubber O-rings

SPECIAL CASES > Fittings

Centralizers on fiberglass pipe at

II. PIPE > A. GENERAL

B. CEN MAKE-UP PROCEDURE

8. Should a joint be difficult to make-up properly, it should be separated, cleaned,

9. During installation, open ditch testing should be performed at maximum intervals of

2. Ditch should be deep enough to meet requirements of each particular installation.

Centralizers on fiberglass pipe at

14. Assemble connections to maximum make up position as long as maximum reference

Part #s: 1230-SF-500 / 1230-SF-1000 / 1230*-SF-2500