 The radiuscope is used to measure the Base Curve of a spherical contact lens.

Truncation
is a cutting off the lower part of a spherical contact lens to prevent lens rotation.

 Abbe value (or abbe number) of a lens material is an objective measure of how widely the
lens disperses different wavelengths light passing through it. Lens materials with low abbe
value have high dispersion. The abbe value for polycarbonate:30, trivex:45, CR-39:58,
crown glass:59.

 Coma is the off-axis effect of spherical aberration.

 The retinoscope works on Focault’s Principle: when light is reflected from a mirror into
the eye, the direction in which the light will travel across the pupil will depend upon the
refractive state of the eye.

A 65 year-old male is referred for removal of multiple carious teeth. He requests the procedure
be
done under general anesthesia. During his pre-operative history, he states that for the past 2
years he has had increasing difficulty breathing at night and now sleeps on two pillows. He also
states that he has an occasional “fluttering” sensation in his chest. Cardiac auscultation reveals
an accentuated first heart sound with a snap. Which of the following would you suspect to be
present in this patient?
(A) Mitral stenosis
(B) Aortic stenosis
(C) Aortic regurgitation
(D) Tricuspid stenosis