Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nama:Uncy Karangan
Nim :1701090
Kelas:Teknik Perminyakan C
NEW ACID STIMULATION ERA:
MATRIX ACIDIZING AT SANDSTONE AND LIMESTONE
WITH CHELATING ACID SYSTEM
K. Amru, N.F. Prakoso, H. Kusuma, R.G. Afandi, and A.N. Muklas
Medco E&P Indonesia
Abstract
Rimau asset produced oil and gas from Limestone reservoir and Sandstone
Reservoir.
Acidizing job for mature field hold essential job for production surveillance and
optimization. Acidizing on those different reservoir types, have own acid recipe
designed for each reservoir uniqueness.
Each Acidizing type, either Carbonate Acidizing with regular Acid HCl or
Sandstone Acidizing with HCl-HF recipe, facing its own challenging problems.
Likewise face dissolution problem (mainly at HCl Limestone acidizing),
Corrosion and iron precipitation, second reaction and precipitation (mainly at
HCl-HF Sandstone acidizing), and limited mineralogy reservoir data to assist
acidizing design. Those challenging problems, will have no issue by Chelating
Acidizing System. And it works either at Sandstone or Limestone without further
additional cautions.
Result of Chelating Matrix Acidizing in Rimau, show production increase. In term
of job cost, Chelating Acidizing have fairly same cost with regular Acid.
Furthermore, Chelating is less hazardous than HCl Acidizing and HCl-HF
Acidizing. Chelating is friendly with downhole metal equipment. So it won't
create damage in sub surface equipment, due to long exposure contact.
Before used for oil field purpose, chelating especially EDTA used for lab titration
purpose, for Calcium (Ca) analysis in water hardness test. Chelating especially
EDTA is also well known in medical used. In oil field, chelation is used to
enhance stimulation treatments, scale removal, and to clean surface facilities. This
Chelating purpose in oilfield, especially EDTA at matrix stimulation. First
investigated in 1997 by Fredd and Fogler.
Keywords: Acidizing, Chelating, Sandstone Stimulation, Limestone Stimulation
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nature and consideration. Especially
when we have limited data at rock
1. Introduction
mineralogy for further consideration of
Acidizing is the oldest stimulation selected acid system. This way we
technique in oil and gas history. need simple acid system, which able to
Acidizing Carbonate with HCl, applied either at Limestone reservoir or
patented at 1896 and conducted for the sandstone reservoir. Chelating agent or
first time at 1897. Meanwhile chelating chemical commonly
Acidizing sandstone with HF start 30 categorized as Amino Polycarboxylic
years after, at 1933. Acid (APX Acid)1. One of chelating
Chelating Acidizing itself, began chemical which used for Chelating
observed by Fredd and Fogler at 1997 Acidizing is EDTA (Ethylene Diamine
by their paper work. In March 1998, Tetra Acetic Acid). There is other
this study published at Journal with Chelating chemical used for acidizing,
title “Alternative Stimulation Fluids but in this acidizing we only use EDTA
and Their Impact on Carbonate type only. Chelating acidizing by
Acidizing”. This study limited for EDTA is the first chelating acidizing
carbonate acidizing. Further type observed and studied by Fredd
development, Chelating Acidizing also and Fogler for Carbonate Acidizing.
applied for sandstone acidizing. In Further study and experiment, it found
2011 Mohamed Mahmoud wrote his that EDTA also available for sandstone
dissertation experiment, to compare acidizing.
Chelating acidizing at Carbonate At Limestone Carbonate reservoir,
formation and Sandstone formation EDTA mainly focusing at Calcite (Ca)
using various Chelating acidizing. dissolution only. Meanwhile for
Rimau asset, produced either from Sandstone, EDTA and other Chelating
Limestone reservoir and Sandstone Acidizing chemical focusing at Calcite
Reservoir. Found at 1996, regular (Ca) dissolution, Ferrous (Fe)
Acidizing HCl become common job dissolution, and Magnesium (Mg)2.
stimulation at limestone reservoir.
Following limestone acidizing, 2. Problem Statement At Limestone
sandstone acidizing became common Acidizing, one of the major issue is face
job after that, along with hydraulic dissolution problem. If we use regular
fracturing stimulation. Acid HCl 15% (for most common
Acidizing at limestone reservoir and example), due to natural fast reaction
sandstone reservoir have different rate between HCl and CaCO3
1
See : SPE 185097, Chelating Agents in Enhancement of Formation Productivity using
Production Environmentally Friendly Chemicals,
Enhancement : A Review, 2017. SPE 185636, Mohamed Ahmed Nashr Eldin Mahmoud
Oilfield Scale Removal by Chelating Agents : An (Doctoral Dissertation at Texas A&M
Aminopolycarboxylic Acids Review, 2017. University, May 2011)
2
See : Removing of Formation Damage and
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(Carbonate) at Limestone formation. Sandstone/Mud Acid is not standalone
HCl will be react and disappeared only with HF only, but assisted with HCl,
with the face of the near well bore and have complication composition
formation. Acidizing won’t create long depend on the mineralogy composition
wormhole penetration to overcome of the sand formation.
Skin depth, unless we add additive.
Thus Acidizing will be useless. In general, damaging potential by
sandstone acidizing (HCl-HF) created
At Chelating acidizing, due to natural though precipitation of fluorosilicates
slow reaction between Chelating and (Na and K), and precipitation of
CaCO3 (Carbonate) at Limestone fluoride (Ca, Al, and Fe)3. That’s why,
formation, this face dissolution issue mineralogy data input hold essential
can minimize. Thus can create long role for sandstone acidizing.
wormhole to overcome skin thickness Meanwhile reservoir mineralogy tends
of formation damage at Limestone to have high heterogeneity and not all
formation. of the depth covered by mineralogy
Regular Acid (HCl) and data.
Sandstone/Mud In Chelating acidizing, we don’t have
Acid (HCl-HF) if contacted with metal, any concern of it. Because chelating
Which dominated at wellbore (casing, doesn’t create precipitation reaction
tubing, artificial lift, etc), will create like sandstone does.
iron precipitation and corrosion
problems. That’s why we must add For summary, regular acidizing at
acid additive for iron control and Limestone or Sandstone will face
corrosion inhibitors at Acidizing job. challenge likewise:
And we must count the contact time, so 1. Face dissolution problem at
Acidizing won’t harm the wellbore HCl Acid Limestone formation.
itself. 2. Iron precipitation and corrosion
Different with Chelating. Chelating acidizing problems.
itself is natural corrosion inhibitor and 3. Limited acidizing contact time.
iron control. So it is safe for long
contact with metal. 4. Limited mineralogy data
At Sandstone/Mud Acid (HCl-HF), by 5. Unwanted secondary reaction at
chemical reaction HF will dissolve sandstone with HF chemical.
Quartz (SiO2) which dominated at
sandstone. But HF itself, if we don’t 3. Methodology
aware with the mineralogy contain of Methodology for this Chelating as new
sandstone formation, it will create acid system project, based on literature
second unwanted reaction and induce and best practice paper study,
precipitation at formation. Thus the laboratory test, and real field
Acidizing itself will be useless. That’s implementation. We combine all of
why
3
See : SPE 185097, 2017.
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those methodology to ensure the know mineralogy of the well at certain
success result of this project. depth which related with producing
Chelating Acidizing using EDTA is interval. This step is important to
simple to applied. By mixing 200 pptg decide best sandstone acid recipe and
Na2-EDTA at fresh water with KCl, composition. Without this, if we
mutual solvent, and non-emulsifying conduct blind sandstone acidizing, it
agent. Chelating acid solution is ready will increase fear to side precipitation
to inject. Na2-EDTA have specific reaction with certain mineralogy
gravity around 0.86 gr/ml. composition.
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Overall result shows good increase rate This give us information, that
and production. For XX-302, we Chelating Acidizing system have other
conduct rechelating acidizing with 5 ft variation which interesting to be
penetration matrix injection. Longer applied in the field. Furthermore, in
than previous penetration design (3 ft). several paper stated that combination
And with 48 hours more soaking time, between Chelating and regular HCl had
longer than previous soaking time (24 been studied and applied5.
hours). Chelating especially EDTA also have
Observing the result of XX-302, it superior advantage as a chemical
shown that ideal matrix injection material which easy to get in regular
penetration design is 5 ft. Followed by marketplace. Anyone can have those
minimum 48 hours soaking. The material and handle it for acidizing,
soaking hours also proved that without need further service from
Chelating have no corrosion effect with service company. Chelating especially
wellbore metal, and this is an EDTA is non-hazardous generic
advantage compared to regular HCl chemical which easy to dissolve in
limestone carbonate acid or HCl-HF liquid without need any special
sandstone acid. equipment.
Chelating also considered able to solve For the design and application, we
face dissolution problem. So that found that matrix injection with 5 ft
success overcome skin thickness and penetration and minimum 48 hours
improve production result. soaking until top of perforation is the
We can see this indication by best practice to conduct Chelating
comparing result of regular HCl 15% Acidizing.
acidizing limestone at 20174, which
increase the production gain by 6. Conclusion and Recommendations
average 46.5%. With Chelating Through this chelating acidizing
acidizing at same limestone reservoir description and result, we can conclude
in 2018, which increase the production that:
gain by 192%. 1. Chelating Acidizing solve face
dissolution problem which may
5. Discussion occur at regular HCl Limestone
Chelating Acidizing have various acidizing.
chemical chelating which can be 2. Chelating has lower reaction
applied. For this Chelating system, we rate than HCl at limestone.
only applied Na2EDTA yet. This low reaction rate will
Meanwhile in worldwide application, ensure worm hole forming and
other chelating than Na2-EDTA had minimize face dissolution
been applied and studied. Likewise, problem due to fast reaction.
HEDTA, GLDA, HEIDA, and others.
4
See table 3 Environmentally Friendly Chemicals,
5
See : Removing of Formation Damage and Mohamed Ahmed Nashr Eldin Mahmoud
Enhancement of Formation Productivity using (Doctoral Dissertation at Texas A&M
University, May 2011)
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3. Chelating acidizing is non- mixing it with regular HCl
hazardous chemical, easy to acidizing.
applied, easy to get at
marketplace, and don’t create 7. Acknowledgement
corrosion and iron precipitation The author wants to acknowledge
problems in the metal wellbore. Medco E&P Indonesia for the
4. Chelating acidizing able to be encourage and the permission to
applied for long time contact applied Chelating Acidizing. As well
with metal wellbore and near as the permission to present and
well bore reservoir. publish this paper. Especially for
Rimau FPE (Field Petroleum Engineer)
5. Chelating acidizing give
who had involved and gave a lot of
solution for any field which
have limited mineralogy data support for this project.
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Carbonate Formation, SPE 9. Mahmoud, M.A.N.E, 2011.
paper 37212. Removing of Formation Damage
6. Fredd, C.N., and Fogler, and
H.S.,1998. Alternative Enhancement of Formation
Stimulation Fluids and Productivity using Environmentally
Their Impact on Carbonate Friendly Chemicals. PhD
Acidizing, SPE Journal (March Dissertation, Texas A&M
edition, 1998). University, College Station, TX.
7. Kalfayan, L., 2000. Production 10. Prakoso, N.F., and Wicaksana, D.,
Enhancement with Acid 2009. Jurnal Teknologi Minyak &
Stimulation, Penn Well, Corp., Gas Bumi IATMI, Acidizing in
Tulsa Oklahoma. ESP
8. LePage, J.N., De Wolf, C.A., Wells: An Efficient Production
Bemelaar, J.H., and Nasr-El-Din, Optimization, (2nd Edition -
August
H.A., 2009. An Environmentally
2009) pp. 27.
Friendly Stimulation Fluid for High
Temperatures Application, SPE
paper 121790.
List of Figures
Figure 2. Chemical reaction and Constanta reaction between EDTA and Carbonate Calcite
dissolution
List of Tables
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Table 1. Composition to create Chelating EDTA for 200 pptg
No. Material Deskripsi Conc.
1 Fresh Water 921 gpt
4 XX-302 Limestone Carbonate ESP 194 88.2% 22.9 984 93.2% 66.91 Chelating acidizing with 5 ft penetration
and 48 hours more soaking
1 XX-376 BRF 6-Jan-17 180 50.4 566 72 300 84 625 72 33.6 66.67%
2 XX-188 BRF 9-Jan-17 12.8 12.75 445 0.35 920 9.2 2.55 99 -3.55 -27.84%
3 XX-259 BRF 25-May-17 992 29.76 6.96 97 1152 34.56 8.087 97 4.8 16.13%
5 XX-107 BRF 3-Jun-17 536 75.04 183 86 436 74.12 17.34 83 -0.92 -1.23%
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6 XX-40 BRF 14-Jun-17 300 84 123 72 876 175.2 98 80 91.2 108.57%
7 XX-27 BRF 6-Aug-17 256 30.72 269 88 595 71.4 271 88 40.68 132.42%
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“Strategi Revolusioner Pengembangan Lapangan, Teknologi dan Kebijakan Migas G
Meningkatkan
Ketahanan Energi Dalam Rangka Ketahanan
Nasional”
Nama:Uncy Karangan
Nim :1701090
Kelas:Teknik Perminyakan C
Abstrak
Rimau aset menghasilkan minyak dan gas dari Limestone waduk dan Sandstone Reservoir.
Pengasaman pekerjaan untuk bidang yang matang memegang pekerjaan penting untuk pengawasan
produksi dan optimasi. Pengasaman pada jenis-jenis waduk yang berbeda, punya resep acid sendiri
dirancang untuk masing-masing keunikan waduk.
Setiap jenis pengasaman, baik Karbonat pengasaman dengan teratur Acid HCl atau Sandstone
pengasaman dengan resep HCl-HF, menghadapi masalah yang menantang sendiri. Demikian juga
menghadapi masalah pembubaran (terutama di HCl Limestone pengasaman), Korosi dan curah
hujan besi, reaksi kedua dan curah hujan (terutama pada HCl-HF Sandstone pengasaman), dan
data mineralogi waduk terbatas untuk membantu pengasaman desain. Masalah-masalah yang
menantang, tidak akan memiliki masalah dengan Chelating pengasaman System. Dan bekerja baik
di Sandstone atau batu kapur tanpa peringatan lebih lanjut tambahan.
Hasil Chelating Matrix pengasaman di Rimau, menunjukkan peningkatan produksi. Dalam hal
biaya pekerjaan, Chelating pengasaman memiliki biaya yang cukup sama dengan Asam biasa.
Selanjutnya, Chelating kurang berbahaya daripada HCl pengasaman dan HCl-HF pengasaman.
Chelating ramah dengan peralatan metal downhole. Sehingga tidak akan membuat kerusakan pada
peralatan permukaan sub, karena kontak eksposur panjang.
Sebelum digunakan untuk tujuan lapangan minyak, chelating terutama EDTA digunakan untuk
tujuan laboratorium titrasi, untuk Kalsium (Ca) analisis uji kekerasan air. Chelating terutama
EDTA juga terkenal di medis yang digunakan. Di lapangan minyak, khelasi digunakan untuk
meningkatkan perawatan stimulasi, penghapusan skala, dan untuk membersihkan fasilitas
permukaan. Tujuan Chelating ini di ladang minyak, terutama EDTA pada stimulasi matriks.
Pertama diselidiki pada tahun 1997 oleh Fredd dan Fogler.
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1.pengantar
Pengasaman adalah teknik stimulasi tertua dalam pengasaman”. Penelitian ini terbatas untuk
sejarah minyak dan gas. Pengasaman Karbonat pengasaman karbonat. pengembangan lebih lanjut,
dengan HCl, dipatenkan pada 1896 dan dilakukan Chelating pengasaman juga diterapkan untuk pasir
untuk pertama kalinya di tahun 1897. Sementara itu pengasaman. Pada tahun 2011 Mohamed
pengasaman batu pasir dengan HF mulai 30 tahun
setelah, di 1933.Chelating pengasaman itu sendiri, Mahmoud
agen pengkelat atau chelating kimia yang biasa (Ca) pembubaran, Ferrous (Fe) pembubaran,
dikategorikan sebagai Amino Polycarboxylic dan Magnesium (Mg) 2.
Acid (APX Acid) 1. Salah satu chelating kimia
yang digunakan untuk Chelating pengasaman
adalah EDTA (Etilen Diamin Tetra Acetic
Acid). Ada kimia Chelating lain yang 2. Pernyataan masalah
digunakan untuk pengasaman, tetapi dalam Di Kapur pengasaman, salah satu masalah
pengasaman ini kita hanya menggunakan utama adalah masalah wajah pembubaran. Jika
EDTA ketik saja. Chelating pengasaman oleh kita menggunakan rutin Acid HCl 15%
EDTA adalah pertama jenis chelating (misalnya paling umum), karena laju reaksi
pengasaman diamati dan dipelajari oleh Fredd cepat alami antara HCl dan CaCO3 (Karbonat)
dan Fogler untuk Karbonat pengasaman. studi di formasi batu kapur. HCl akan bereaksi dan
lebih lanjut dan percobaan, ditemukan bahwa menghilang hanya dengan wajah dekat formasi
EDTA juga tersedia untuk batu pasir sumur bor. Pengasaman tidak akan membuat
pengasaman.Di Kapur Karbonat waduk, EDTA penetrasi lubang cacing panjang untuk
terutama berfokus pada mengatasi kedalaman Skin, kecuali kita
menambahkan aditif. Dengan demikian
pengasaman akan sia-sia.
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mengandung formasi batu pasir, itu akan
1 Lihat: SPE 185.097, Agen Pengkelat di menciptakan reaksi yang tidak diinginkan kedua
Enhancement Produksi:
dan menginduksi curah hujan di formasi.
Sebuah Review, 2017. SPE 185.636, Oilfield
Dengan demikian pengasaman itu sendiri akan
Skala Removal oleh
sia-sia. Itu sebabnya Sandstone / Mud Asam
Agen Pengkelat: Sebuah Aminopolycarboxylic
Asam Ulasan 2017. tidak mandiri dengan HF saja, tetapi dibantu
dengan HCl, dan memiliki komposisi
2 Lihat: Menghapus Formasi Kerusakan dan
Peningkatan komplikasi tergantung pada komposisi
Pembentukan Produktivitas menggunakan mineralogi formasi pasir.
Kimia Ramah
Lingkungan, Mohamed Ahmed Nashr Eldin
Mahmoud (Disertasi
Doktor di Texas A & M University, Mei 2011) Secara umum, potensi merusak oleh batu pasir
Masalah wajah pembubaran dapat pengasaman (HCl-HF) dibuat meskipun
pengendapan fluorosilikat (Na dan K), dan
meminimalkan. Dengan demikian dapat pengendapan fluoride (Ca, Al, dan Fe) 3. Itu
sebabnya, masukan mineralogi Data memegang
membuat lubang cacing panjang untuk
peranan penting untuk pasir pengasaman.
mengatasi ketebalan kulit kerusakan formasi Sementara itu mineralogi waduk cenderung
memiliki heterogenitas yang tinggi dan tidak
pada formasi batu kapur. semua dari kedalaman ditutupi oleh data yang
mineralogi.
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4. Data mineralogi terbatas baik. Dan tidak memiliki masalah dengan
kinerja sumur bor logam. Kami juga melakukan
5. Reaksi sekunder yang tidak langkah ini baik di formasi karbonat Limestone,
atau pembentukan Sandstone.
diinginkan di batu pasir dengan
bahan kimia HF.
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4. Hasil dan Analisis membandingkan di 2017 4, yang
Kami memiliki perilaku chelating pengasaman meningkatkan keuntungan produksi oleh
di beberapa sumur, baik di formasi batu kapur rata-rata 46,5%. Dengan Chelating
karbonat dan pembentukan Sandstone. Baik di pengasaman di waduk batu kapur yang
ESP dengan baik atau Gas Angkat baik. Dan sama tahun 2018, yang meningkatkan
hasilnya adalah puas. keuntungan produksi 192%.
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5. Chelating solusi pengasaman memberi untuk setiap
Lingkungan, Mohamed Ahmed Nashr
bidang yang telah membatasi data yang mineralogi
Eldin Mahmoud (Disertasi
6. Chelating pengasaman tidak akan membuat
Doktor di Texas A & M University,
Reaksi sekunder yang tidak
Mei 2011)
yang mudah larut dalam cairan tanpa perlu diinginkan di batu pasir yang
peralatan khusus.
mungkin terjadi dengan kimia
Untuk desain dan aplikasi, kami menemukan bahwa injeksi
matriks dengan penetrasi 5 ft dan minimum 48 jam HF untuk pasir pengasaman.
perendaman sampai atas perforasi adalah praktek terbaik
7. Chelating pengasaman bekerja baik di
untuk melakukan Chelating pengasaman.
Pembentukan batu kapur atau batu pasir
formasi
mudah diterapkan, mudah untuk mendapatkan menggunakan kimia lainnya Chelating atau dengan
di pasar, dan tidak membuat korosi dan curah mencampurnya dengan teratur HCl pengasaman.
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dan mempublikasikan tulisan ini. Khusus untuk Stimulasi Cairan Pembentukan Karbonat,
Rimau FPE (Field Petroleum Engineer) yang telah SPE kertas 37.212.
terlibat dan memberikan banyak dukungan untuk 6. Fredd, CN, dan Fogler, HS, 1998.
proyek ini. Alternatif Stimulasi Cairan dan Dampaknya
terhadap Karbonat pengasaman, SPE Journal
(edisi Maret 1998).
8. Referensi
1. Almubarak, T., Ng, JH, dan Nasr-El-Din, 7. Kalfayan, L., 2000. Produksi Peningkatan
HA, 2017. Agen Pengkelat di Enhancement dengan Asam Stimulasi, Penn Nah, Corp,
Produksi: Sebuah Review, SPE kertas Tulsa Oklahoma.
185.097. 8. Lepage, JN, De Wolf, CA, Bemelaar, JH,
dan Nasr-El-Din,
2. Almubarak, T., Ng, JH, dan Nasr-El-Din,
HA, 2009. Sebuah Stimulasi Fluid Ramah
HA, 2017. Oilfield Skala Removal oleh Agen
Lingkungan untuk Suhu Aplikasi Tinggi,
Pengkelat: Sebuah Aminopolycarboxylic
kertas SPE 121.790.
Asam Review, SPE kertas 185.636.
9. Mahmoud, MANE 2011.
Menghapus Pembentukan Kerusakan dan
3. Amru, K, 2018. Laporan Interim Chelating
Peningkatan Pembentukan Produktivitas
pengasaman Proyek berkolaborasi dengan
menggunakan Kimia Ramah Lingkungan. PhD
StimPage Proyek dan Produksi Optimization
Disertasi, Texas A & M University, College
Peluang Project, Medco E & P Indonesia.
Station, TX.
1 XX-009 Batu pasir gas Lift 84,4 86% 11,8 186 92% 14,8
2 XX-286 Batu pasir gas Lift 89 94% 4.9 162 97% 23,49
Daftar Gambar
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Gambar 1. Struktur kimia EDTA
Gambar 2. Reaksi kimia dan reaksi Constanta antara EDTA dan Karbonat Kalsit pembubaran
Daftar tabel
Tabel 1. Komposisi untuk membuat Chelating EDTA untuk 200 pptg
bahan 1 Deskripsi Conc.
Tabel 3. Hasil Gain Produksi oleh Reguler HCl di Kapur Formasi tahun 2017
tes terakhir sebelum asam pengujian awal setelah asam Meningkat
1 XX-376 BRF 6-Jan-17 180 50,4 566 72 300 84 625 72 33,6 66,67%
2 XX-188 BRF 9-Jan-17 12,8 12,75 445 0,35 920 9.2 2,55 99 -3,55 -27.84%
3 XX-259 BRF 25-Mei-17 992 29,76 6,96 97 1152 34.56 8,087 97 4.8 16,13%
5 XX-107 BRF 3-Jun-17 536 75,04 183 86 436 74,12 17,34 83 -0.92 -1,23%
6 XX-40 BRF 14-Jun-17 300 84 123 72 876 175,2 98 80 91,2 108,57%
7 XX-27 BRF 6-Agustus-17 256 30,72 269 88 595 71,4 271 88 40,68 132,42%
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