CHAPTER 7

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTY
Sub topics:
1. Boiling-Point Elevation
2. Freezing-Point Depression
3. Electrolyte & Non-Electrolyte
Concept Map
Learning competencies
 Describe the effect of concentration on the colligative properties of solution.
 Differentiate the colligative properties of nonelectrolyte and solutions of electrolyte
solution.
 Calculate boiling point elevation and freezing point depression from the
concentration of a solute in a solution.
 Calculate molar mass from colligative property data.

Body/Content
Boiling-Point Elevation- the boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the
vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid
changes into a vapor. A liquid at the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals
atmospheric pressure. The presence of a solute lower the vapor pressure of solution at
each temperature, making it necessary to heat the solution to a higher temperature to boil
the solution. In dilute solutions with a nonvolatile solute, the boiling point elevation is
proportional to the molality of the solute particles:
Freezing-Point Depression - A solute lowers the freezing point of a solvent. In dilute
solutions the freezing point depression is proportional to the molality of solute particles.
Freezing point, temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid.

Electrolyte- Electrolytes are chemical compounds that can break down into ions when
dissolved in water. These ions can conduct electricity through this aqueous solution. In
order to break down into its ions, the electrolyte should be an ionic compound. Ionic
compounds are made out of cautions and anions.
Non-Electrolyte- Nonelectrolytes are chemical compounds whose aqueous solutions
cannot conduct electricity through the solution. These compounds do not exist in ionic
form. Most nonelectrolytes are covalent compounds. When dissolved in water, these
compounds do not form ions at all.
 Summary
Colligative properties such as freezing point depression or boiling point elevation
can be used to calculate the molecular weight of a soluble solid. To complete this
calculation, the mass of solute and solvent must be known as well as the freezing
points/boiling points of the pure solvent and the solution. Colligative properties of solutions
are properties that depend upon the concentration of solute molecules or ions, but not
upon the identity of the solute. Colligative properties include vapor pressure lowering,
boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure. Colligative
properties of solutions are properties that depend upon the concentration of solute
molecules or ions, but not upon the identity of the solute. Colligative properties include
vapour pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic
pressure.

Chapter Assessment
Identification (1-5 items)
1. What is the salt or molecules that ionize completely in solution?
2. This do not dissociate into ions in solution?
3. What is the formula of boiling point elevation?
4. What is the formula of freezing point depression?
5. What is the name of our lesson?

Resources/ References
Grace Young (Oct 03, 2016) the Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica -
https://www.britannica.com/science/freezing-point
AUS-e-TUTE, 8 April 2018 Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression
ChemistryTutorialhttps://www.ausetute.com.au/freezing.html?fbclid=IwAR1ouJTB
1rqwyLHA1yB20FGs3HJ6cHP0jOYXhq4rSuPomjCuuRocu9ny3Vo
Key to correction
Answers:
1. Electrolyte
2. Non Electrolyte
3. ∆Tb = Kbm
4. ∆T = Kbm
5. Colligative Properties