Buckling Modes

DESIGN OF COLUMNS

b K e  0.65 K e  0.80 K e  1.20 K e  2.10

K e  1.00 K e  2.40

Limitation on l/d ratio

rotation fixed, translation fixed
l
 50
d rotation fixed, translation free

le  effective column length rotation free, translation fixed

rotation free, translation free

le  K e l
Adjustment to Allowable Compressive Stress used for Axial Load only

1  F / F *  1   F / F * 
2
 FcE / Fc * 
F 'c  Fc *  cE c
  cE c
  
 2c'  2c'  c' 
 

where
c’ = 0.8 for sawn lumber
c’ = 0.85 for round timber piles
𝐹 =
/
𝐹 ∗= compression design value with adjustment
KcE = 0.3 for visually graded lumber
KcE = 0.418 for machine stress-rated sawn lumber
 Tapered Columns
1. For rectangular sections, tapered at one or The design of a column for round cross section
both ends, the representative dimension, 𝑑 shall be based on the design calculations for a
square column of the same cross-sectional area
for each face of the column shall be derived as
and having the same degree of taper.
follows:

d D2
4
where
dmin = the minimum dimension, d, for that face of the column
dmax = the maximum dimension, d, for that face of the column
Support Conditions:
Large end fixed, small end unsupported a = 0.70
Small end fixed, large end unsupported a = 0.30
Both ends simply supported:
Tapered toward one end a = 0.50
Tapered toward both ends a = 0.70

For all other support conditions:

d  d min  d max  d min (1 / 3)
Adjustment to Allowable Compressive Stress for Truss Compression Chords
1. Short Column
3. Long Column
le
 11 Fc '  Fc le
d K  50
d
2. Intermediate Column 0.30 ECT
Fc ' 
11 
le
K le / d 2
d
where
 
𝐾 = 0.671 𝐶
𝐶 = 1.0 (for column design)
1  0.62le
CT  (for truss compression member design)
E0.05
 1  le / d  4 
Fc '  Fc 1    
 3  K  
Compression at Angle of Grain

Fn

Fc Fc 
Fn  Hankinson’s Equation
Fc sin 2   Fc  cos 2 
Example 1
A column is 6.0 m long with 200 mm x 300 mm cross- Solution: y
section subjected with a compressive force equal to
500 kN. The column is braced in the middle to resist
buckling in the shorter direction. Assume that the x
bracing point is hinged and no translation is allowed. 300mm
Top and bottom supports are fixed to resist translation
and rotation. Type of wood used is Guijo with the
following material properties:
Bending and tension parallel to grain = 21.8 MPa 200mm
Modulus of Elasticity = 8470 MPa
Compression Parallel to Grain = 13.2 MPa
Compression Perpendicular to Grain = 4.26 MPa
3.0m
Verify if the section is adequate to carry the y
compressive load using NSCP Specifications. x

3.0m

about x about y
Determine the effective lengths of the column along x- and y-axes. The governing value of SR is 13 as controlled by
buckling about x-axis.
lex  K exl x ley  K ey l y
SR  13  11
Determine the buckling factors and lengths for x- and y-axes.
Check the value of K.

K ex  0.65 K ey  0.80 E
K  0.671 K  16.997
Fc
l x  6000mm l y  3000mm
11  SR  K Intermediate Column!
lex  3900mm Thus, the value of allowable compressive stress
ley  2400mm with adjustment factor is
Compute the slenderness ratios, SR, about x- and y-axes.  1  SR  4 
ley Fc '  Fc 1    
lex 3  K  
SRx  SRy  
dx dy
Fc ' 11.694MPa
SRx  13 SRy  12
Check the axial capacity of the column section.

P  Fc ' A
P  701.66kN  500kN
As calculated, based on following the NSCP
Specifications, the column can adequately resist
the compressive axial load P=500kN.