METALLIC

TRANSMISSION LINES
GROUP 2
Rholeanne Ampo
Reign Despe
Nerie Pabatang
METALLIC TRANSMISSION LINES
• All data communications systems and computer networks
are interconnected to some degree or another with cables,
which are all part of the transmission medium transporting
signals between computers.

Parallel Conductor Transmission Lines

Coaxial Transmission Lines
TYPES OF METALLIC CABLES

Parallel Conductor Transmission Lines

Attenuation and Crosstalk Comparison
Plenum Cable
Coaxial Transmission Lines
 Parallel Conductor Transmission
Lines
• Comprised of two or more metallic conductors separated
by nonconductive insulating material called dielectric.

Open-wire transmission line

Twin Lead
Twisted Pair
Including Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted-
Pair (STP)
Open-Wire Transmission Line
Consist simply of two parallel wires,
closely spaced and separated by air.

Nonconductive spacers are placed

at periodic intervals not only for
support but also to keep the distance
between the conductors constant.
 TWIN LEAD
Spacers between the two conductor
are replaced with continuous
dielectric that ensures uniform
spacing along the entire cable.
application – to connect TV to rooftop
antennas
material used for dielectric – Teflon,
polyethylene
TWISTED-PAIR TRANSMISSION LINES

Formed by twisting two insulated conductors around each

other
 Neighboring pairs is twisted each other to reduce EMI
and RFI from external sources
 Reduce crosstalk
between cable pairs
 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
Two copper wires where each wire is separately
encapsulated in PVC insulation.
Twisted to reduce crosstalk and interference
Improve the bandwidth significantly
Used for telephone systems
and local area network
SEVEN CLASSIFICATION OF UTP
 Level 1 (Category 1)
• ordinary thin cables
• for voice grade telephone and low speed data
• Insulated with paper, cord or rubber.
 Level 2 (Category 2)
• Better than cat. 1
• Token ring LAN operating 4 Mbps
• Typically old, leftover voice grade telephone wires installed prior to the establishment of the 568
standard.
 Category 3
• more stringent requirement than level 1 and 2
• more immunity than crosstalk
• for token ring (16Mbps), 10Base T Ethernet (10Mbps)
SEVEN CLASSIFICATION OF UTP
Category 4
• upgrade version of cat. 3
• tighter constraints for attenuation and crosstalk
• up to 100 Mbps
 Category 5
• better attenuation and crosstalk characteristics
• used in modern LAN. Data up to 100Mbps
 Category 5e
• enhanced category 5
• data speed up to 350 Mbps
Category 6
• data speed up to 550 Mbps
• fabricated with closer tolerances and use more advance connectors
Level 1 Cable

Level 2 Cable
Category 4 (CAT 4)

Enhanced Category 5(CAT 5e)

 SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (STP)
Wires and dielectric are enclosed in a conductive metal sleeve called
foil or mesh called braid
 The sleeve connected to ground acts as shield – prevent the signal
radiating beyond the boundaries
CLASSIFICATION OF STP CABLES
Category 5e
• Feature individually shielded pairs of twisted wire
Category 7
• 4 pairs
• surrounded by common metallic foil shield and shielded foil twisted pair
• 1Gbps
 Foil twisted pair (FTP)
Four pairs of 24-AWG copper wires encapsulated in a common metallic-
foil shield with a PVC outer sheath
• to minimize EMI susceptibility while maximizing EMI immunity
• > 1Gbps
 Shielded-foil twisted pair
Four pairs of 24-AWG copper wires surrounded by a common metallic-
foil shield encapsulated in a braided metallic shield
• offer superior EMI protection
• > 1Gbps
 Category 7

FTP
Shielded-foil twisted pair
 ATTENUATION AND CROSSTALK
COMPARISON
Attenuation is given in dB of loss per 100 meters of cable
with respect to frequency.
Lower dB values indicate a higher quality cable.
Crosstalk is given in dB of attenuation between the
transmit signal and the signal returned due to crosstalk
with higher dB indicating less crosstalk.
 PLENUM CABLE
Electrical cable that is laid in the plenum spaces
of buildings.
Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning
and Ventilating Systems.
It is coated with Teflon, which does not emit
noxious chemicals when ignited.
Used to route signals throughout the building in
the air ducts.
The National Electric Code (NEC) requires
plenum cable to have special fire-resistant
insulation.
COAXIAL (CONCENTRIC) TRANSMISSION LINE
Often used for high data transmission rates to reduce losses and
isolate transmission paths.
 Basics of Coaxial Cable:
• center conductor surrounded by dielectric material (insulation)
• concentric shielding and a rubber environmental protection outer
jacket
TWO BASIC TYPE OF COAXIAL CABLE

Rigid Air Filled Solid Flexible

COAXIAL CABLE CONNECTORS

BNC CONNECTORS TYPE N CONNECTORS

- referred to as Bayone - threaded and must

be screwed on and
Neill-Concelman and
off.
sometimes called
-weatherproof,
bayonet mount
medium-size RF
- can be easily connector used to join
twisted on or off coaxial cables.
TYPE N CONNECTOR BNC CONNECTOR
THANK YOU
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