PHYSICS LAB_1

Submitted To:
Ma’am Faiza

Submitted By:
Jamshaid Ahmad Khan

Reg. No: BSP01191016

Dept.: Physics

Submitted Date:
09/03/2019
 EXPERIMENT NO.1

DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF SPHERE BY USING VERNIER

CALIPER

INTRODUCTION: -
Vernier caliper is an instrument for making very accurate linear
measurements. This means that the division on the vernier scale are shorter than those on the
main scale by 1\25 of a division on the main scale.

APPARATUS: -
 Vernier caliper
 Sphere ( Solid Bob )

DIAGRAM : -
 PROCEDURE: -
 First we have to find the least count & zero error of the vernier caliper.
 Repeat it twice more times.
 Now place the solid bob between the jaws, and tight them.
 Note the readings of the main scale and the vernier coincidence on the observation table.
 Calculate the total reading:
o Total reading = Main scale reading + ( Vernier coincidence * Least count
)
 Repeat the same procedure at 2 more different positions.
 At each position we take perpendicular direction reading as well.
 Note down all the readings in the observation table.

OBSRVATION & CALCULATION: -

Sr. Main Scale n Vernier Vernier Scale Reading ( Diameter of

No. Reading Coincidence cm ) Bob
( cm ) ( mm ) = n * L.C. = M.S. + V.S.
( cm )
1 2.2 8.85 8.5*0.01 = 0.085 2.285
2 2.2 4 4 * 0.01 = 0.04 2.24
3 2.2 1 1 * 0.01 = 0.01 2.21

Least Count = 0.01 cm

Average diameter of the sphere:

D a v = (d1 + d2 + d3)
3

= 2.285 + 2.24 + 2.21

3

= 6.735
3

= 2.245 cm
Mean radius of sphere:
r = dav
2

=2.245
2

= 1.1225 cm

Volume of sphere:
V = 4/3 (πr3)

= 4/3 (3.14 * (1.1225)3)

= 4/3 (3.14 * 1.4143)

= 4/3 (4.4433)

V = 5.9244 cm3

Conclusion :-
Measurements of heights and diameters of three different spheres were
taken with a vernier caliper three times. By repeating each measurement thrice and taking
average, the amount of experimental error was reduced.

Sources of errors:-
 Random error
 System error
 End error
 Human reading error
 Zero error
Precautions :-
 When noting down the various readings C.G.S system of units should be followed.

 Avoid parallax errors while noting the main scale reading and vernier constant.

 Gentle pressure should be applied while holding the object with the jaws of the vernier

caliper.

 Zero error correction if needed.

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