Northern Zambales College

Masinloc Zambales

Course: BEED-III
Subject: inorganic Chemistry
Instructor: Mrs. Josephine T. Edora Ed,D
Name/s: Hedellewise M. Gaboya

Ionization Potential Factors affecting Ionization Potential

Ionization Energy  Effective nuclear charge

 Atomic size i.e. atomic radius
The process of removing an electron from an
 Principle quantum number
isolated atom to form a positive ion.
 Shielding effect
 First ionization energy (I1):  Half filled and completely filled orbitals
Amount of energy required to remove the most loosely  Nature of orbitals
bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom to form a  The extent of penetration of valence electrons
cation.
Al(g) Al+(g)+e- l1=580 kJ/mol

 Second ionization energy (I2): Trends in Ionization Potential

Amount of energy required to remove a second
electron from the gaseous monopositive cation to form
di-positive cation.
Al+(g) Al2+(g)+e- l2=1815 kJ/mol
 Ionization energies are usually expressed in
electron volts (eV) per atom or in kilo-Joules per
mol (kJ/mol) --> 1eV/atom=96.48 kJ/mol .
 Value of each ionization energy will increase
with each removed electron, since the
attractive influence of the nucleus increases
and will require more energy for the removal of
an electron from more positive charges.
 Ionization energies measure how tightly
electrons are bound to atoms. Low energies
indicate ease of removal of electrons and vice
versa.
 Ionization energy generally increases from left
to right in a period because of the increase in
nuclear charge and decrease in atomic radius.
 Ionization energies generally decrease down a
group due to the shielding effect and increase
in atomic size.
 Deviations from these trends can usually be
traced to repulsion between electrons,
particularly electrons occupying the same
orbitals.
 When all valence electrons have been removed,
the ionization energy takes a quantum leap.