Review of Related Literature:

According to Cornelius,H.(2018) in his study that’s entitled Embracing change: how cultural
resilience is increased through cultural heritage, stated that tangible cultural heritages that were
damaged through natural disasters, government conflicts and the like, should be valued by people, for it
contributes to our culture and enhances our capability to adapt to change and adsorb adversity in our
lives. As stated by Catherine Cameron (2010) mentioned in Cornelius’ study “It is logical to project
that heritage and its manufacture may wane or change as new social and cultural conditions unfold in
the future.” Reconstructing, preserving and assessing risk preparedness towards tangible heritages,
helps us increase our cultural resilience and our capacity to adapt to change. It is relevant to the study
conducted by researchers, because vintage structures/monuments in Intramuros represents our culture
in numerous ways. Well-preserved structures inside Intramuros serves as an inspiration for artists and
contributes in our country’s tourism. Meaning that if a disaster occur or if natural deteriorating of a
tourist spot in Intramuros would ruin the overall experience of the Old Manila.

According to the position paper of ICOMOS Philippines(2018). The construction of the

Binondo-Intramuros Friendship bridge, would not only cause traffic inside Intramuros, it would also
contribute negative effects to several heritage sites, on-going conservation efforts and various other
tourism efforts. Although a bridge is made to travel easier, it can also cause public dissatisfaction. It
can be observed with the bridge that was supposed to be constructed in Loboc, that is currently
discontinued and serves as a inconvenience. The paper is related to the researchers paper, because it
states the negative impacts of the bridge in several heritage sites inside Intramuros, while also
suggesting for an alternative design of the Binondo-Intramuros bridge.

According to Lvova,O.(2013) in her research entitled Valuing Cultural Heritage: Economic and
Cultural Value of the Colosseum, She conducted a quantitative research that assessed how many
students are in favor of preserving the Colosseum in Italy. She found out that the student’s are all in
favor of preserving the Colosseum for it serves as their national identity, students are even open to the
idea of funding the preservation of the Colosseum. This study is related to the research being conducted,
because the researchers will assess how many students are in favor of the construction of the said
bridge and to what extent are they willing to stop its development.

According to UNESCO(2019). The World Heritage Centre has received news of constructing the
Binondo-Intramuros Friendship Bridge that would pass Pasig river, connecting Binondo to Intramuros.
UNESCO provided a list of churches that are connect to San Augustin. Stating the current status of San
Agustin, there is a possibility of it to be counted in the list of in danger heritage sites along with 4 other
Baroque churches in the Philippines. This paper is relevant to the research because, the negative impact
of the construction of the bridge is focused on the probably delisting of San Augustin Church.