Professional Documents
Culture Documents
0.125”
Applying balance
tolerances to
Art Anderson
receives Exceptional
this issue:
100 lb x 0.125” = 200 oz-in Unbalance
100 lb. rotor
10 oz. x 20” = 200 oz-in Unbalance (1600 oz.)
www.easa.com
Chairman Ireland’s Message
Many thanks to all who made EASA Convention a success
and those who serve and create value for members
With almost 500 service centers rep- served the EASA Board of Directors as
resented and 217 exhibiting companies, recording secretary, journalism stylist,
there was no shortage of opportuni- unofficial arbiter of Robert’s Rules of
ties to connect to Order, photogra-
quality products, pher and more.
CONNECT
service providers, With deep thanks
industry experts for his service,
and great people.
2 the Board recog-
Thanks to staff
members
QUALITY nizes Randy’s
preparation for
retirement that
We are blessed to is just a few years
have a dedicated EASA staff ably led away. We look forward to work-
by Linda Raynes, CAE, our President ing with Craig Whitworth, Product
By Lenwood Ireland
and CEO. It goes without saying that Development Specialist, who will fill
Chairman of the Board
the quality of our conventions requires Randy’s post at Board meetings in the
Ireland Electric Co.
long-term planning and great attention future. Of course Randy and Craig
Virginia Beach, Virginia
to detail. We appreciate Dale Shuter, will continue with their other duties
I hope you were able to attend the CMP, our Meetings and Expositions and responsibilities as members of
excellent International Convention Manager, who leads this effort with EASA’s staff.
and Exhibition during June in Tampa, determination and class. Time and space don’t permit the
Florida. I commend my friends from Another standup team member is acknowledgement here of all the staff,
Region 2 for their efforts and warm Randy Joslin, Communications Man- but I do wish to mention one more:
Southern Hospitality in helping make ager, who has nearly two decades of Congratulations and thanks to Product
this event a success. service. For many years, Randy has Development Manager Carl Fields
who just celebrated 40 years of service
to the Association. Many of us know
Carl as the photographer at EASA
events, but of course his responsibili-
ties encompass much more.
The performance and commitment
of EASA’s entire staff create value – a
quality you connect to by your firm’s
continued membership in the Associa-
tion. We all make choices, personally
and professionally: Choose Quality.
”
“Resource Library” of www.easa.com
(weight) at a certain radius. vibration or vice versa.
l l l l l
Unbalance units 21940-11 standard. The fundamental
The ISO balancing specification for The typical units are oz-in, gram- change in the newly released standard
rigid rotors (ISO 1940-1) was innova- mm or occasionally the mixed unit is where on the rotor the tolerances are
tive when it was introduced decades gram-inch. These unbalance units to be evaluated.
ago. It established Balance Quality cannot be converted directly to vibra- A review of some unbalance basics
Grades based on the theoretical veloc- tion units, even if the machine rotating is needed. Consider a narrow rotor,
ity the mass center of gravity of a rotor speed and mounting are known. But single plane unbalance situation. The
would encounter in free space, spin- practical experience does allow reason- rotor is 40 inches in diameter, weighs
ning at the rotor’s normal operating able limits of unbalance to be set that 100 pounds (1600 oz.) and is perfectly
speed. That’s a mouthful of technical will result in acceptable vibration lev- balanced. If a 10 oz. weight is added to
jargon, but a practical understanding els for machines in normal industrial the outside diameter (OD) of the rotor,
of the nature of unbalance forces is im- applications. These reasonable limits the unbalance amount is 200 oz-in (10
portant in applying balance tolerances of unbalance are formulated in the oz. at a radius of 20”). That unbalance
to various machine rotors. It is also Balance Quality Grades presented in weight will shift the center of mass of
helpful in understanding the impact the original ISO 1940-1 standard, and
they are maintained in the new ISO Continued on Page 4
Unbalance in c/g <–> rotation axis Unbalance in c/g <–> rotation axis
0.125”
100 lb x 0.125” = 200 oz-in Unbalance
100 lb. rotor
10 oz. x 20” = 200 oz-in Unbalance (1600 oz.)
10 oz
CG CG
Center of Gravity Rotation Axis Center of Gravity Rotation Axis
(brg. Journal center) (brg. journal center)
20”
Figure 1. Unbalance moves the CG away from the Rotational Axis. Figure 2. In free space rotation, the Rotational Axis prescribes a circle.
“
the rotor, the center of gravity (CG), the correction plane provided a direct
by 1/8 inch: measure relative to the tolerances. T he ISO standards
In 21940-11 the tolerances are to be spec if y spec ial p roc e-
evaluated in the bearing planes, not the dures for allocating U per
correction planes. There are two pos-
A similar metric example would be sible approaches to using the bearing
to correction planes for
a 50 kg disc rotor with 1 meter diam- planes to evaluate the tolerances. nonsymmetrical rotors
eter, and 10 g unbalance weight at the The first is simply to evaluate the re- and special rotor configu-
OD, resulting in 5000 g-mm unbalance, sidual unbalance in the correction plane rations. Service centers
and an equivalent 1 mm displacement based on the calibration runs and then should have a copy of the
of the CD from the shaft axis. geometrically translate those results
If the rotor was spinning in free to the bearing planes. If the residual applicable standard and
space, the rotor would revolve around unbalance was only static unbalance, familiar ize themselves
its CG. Thus the rotor shaft axis would
prescribe a circle with a radius of 1/8
inch. (1 mm for the metric example.)
this would be simple. But couple unbal-
ance requires that residual unbalance
vectors be proportioned to the change
with those procedures.
mentals above, it was shown that the”
balancing tolerances are actually the
The rotating speed would then de- of distance to the CG. For most motor
displacement of the CG from the shaft
termine how fast the shaft axis was rotors, the bearing planes are outboard
axis. So the displacement measured by
moving around that prescribed circle of the correction planes, so the bearing
soft bearing balancing machines can
(the velocity). Since the bearing sup- planes are further from the CG than the
be related directly to the tolerances at
port is applied to the shaft axis, the correction planes. Thus residual couple
the bearing planes. Both the ISO 1940-
force applied to the bearings increases unbalance will be smaller at the bearing
1 and ISO 21940-11 standards use the
relative to that velocity. planes than at the correction planes. Re-
term “eper” to describe the eccentricity
The above discussion presents the sidual static unbalance does not change
of the CG from the shaft axis. In fact,
fundamental theory of unbalance on when translated from correction planes
the ‘G’ values defined in the Standards
which the Balance Quality Grades to bearing planes. So one method of
are exactly the eper values multiplied
are based. Any rotors balanced to the calculating the translation is to separate
by the angular velocity (operational
same Balance Quality Grade will exert the static and couple components of the
rotating speed) in units of mm/sec.
similar forces on the bearings regard- residual unbalance, and translate them
Recall from the discussion of balanc-
less of the rotor weight or operating each from the correction planes to the
ing fundamentals above, that the CG
speed. Thus G2.5 can be applied to bearing planes. These calculations can
prescribes a circle with a radius equal
motor rotors in general even though be challenging for a balancing techni-
to the displacement of the CG from
rotor weight and operating speed vary cian to do manually.
the shaft axis. This is the displacement
extensively. This fundamental theory A second approach is to realize that
measured by the soft bearing balancing
of balancing is unchanged between ISO the measurement of unbalance in the
machine instrument, in pk-pk units. So
1940-1 and ISO 21940-11. balancing machine occurs at the bear-
the measured displacement value is
ing planes and can be applied directly
Two possible approaches to the tolerances without regard to
simply eper x 2 (pk vs. pk-pk or radius
The major change that was imple- vs. diameter). What that means is the
any calibration weights placed in the
mented with 21940-11 is where the displacement value measured by a soft
correction planes. But the measure-
balance tolerances are to be evaluated bearing balancing machine is simple eper
ments are different for soft bearing
for two plane balancing. In the original in pk-pk units, and a direct indication
and hard bearing balancing machines.
ISO 1940-1 Standard, the tolerances of the residual unbalance in the bearing
Hard bearing machines measure force
were applied to the correction planes. planes. It can be compared directly to
and the force formula would be used
Thus trial weights, sometimes referred the ISO Standard tolerances by simply
to convert the measured values to
to as calibration weights, placed in converting mils pk-pk to micrometers
residual unbalance. Most hard bearing
pk (a micrometer = mm/1000) and
balancing machine instruments would
multiplying by the angular velocity.
do these calculations and provide
ISO 21940-11: Skipping all of the conversion
the needed evaluation at the bearing
arithmetic and using common machine
As explained in 4.4 and 8.1, it is recom- planes automatically.
speeds, the result is that if a rotor with
mended that the tolerance planes (often Displacement of CG 1800 rpm operational speed is balanced
identical to the bearing planes) and not to 1 mils pk-pk (25 micrometers) or less
Soft bearing machines measure
the correction planes be used to state at each support position, it meets the
displacement at the bearing planes.
unbalance tolerances.
In the discussion of balancing funda-
Continued on Page 5
Milwaukee, Wisconsin!
See you next year in
”
exemplary job for which we all should church, he is always giving to others.
1972-1973. be grateful,” said Dupuis. He praises others and plays down
his contributions on any team, even
though he is often the one out front
doing the leg work on any project and
pushing it through to completion.”
Another wrote of Anderson: “He is
one of those special individuals who
has given much to EASA in a very
unassuming way. His quiet mannerism
allows him to listen and then give a
view that is always reasonable and to
the point. His rich history in the posi-
tions he has held in his chapter and on
the International level is well known
and documented. However, what he
really brings to EASA are his openness
and desire to simply be of help to any
EASAn who asks.”
One other letter read: “ Following in
his father’s footsteps, he has displayed
true ‘exceptional achievement’ in both
Art Anderson was honored June 27 at the EASA Convention in Tampa, Florida, for his his ability to run a service center and
contributions and service to the electrical apparatus industry. be an outstanding EASA member.” l
December 13 Vertical Turbine Pump Shaft Journal Bearings Material, Types and Clearances Gene Vogel
EASA CURRENTS
2017 EASA Convention Published monthly by the Electrical Apparatus Service Association, Inc. for the EASA
Continued From Page 1 membership. News items, questions, features, photographs or comments for publication
should be submitted to:
Linda Raynes, CAE. “But actually, we
feel even better about the many posi-
EASA CURRENTS
tive comments about the event from 1331 Baur Blvd. • St. Louis, MO 63132
exhibitors and attendees.” 314-993-2220 • Fax: 314-993-1269
“We look forward to next year’s www.easa.com
convention June 24-26 in Milwaukee,
Editor: Randy Joslin (rjoslin@easa.com)
Wisconsin, where we’ll have even more
great education, social events and of Extra subscriptions available to members for $18.00 per year. Non-member price is $54.00.
course a great exhibition.” l
© 2017 Electrical Apparatus Service Association, Inc. All rights reserved.
Babbitt Bearings
Registration Fees Course
The cost for this webinar session Content Wednesday, October 18
is $59 for Member companies per This webinar 12 p.m. - 1 p.m. (Central)
site; $199 for Nonmembers. The fee will address:
includes a web link for the audio and • Theory and
visual content. design of bab- Webinar Leader
bitt bearings Chuck Yung is an EASA senior techni-
Webinar Recordings/Downloads cal support specialist. He has worked in
• Fitting / scrap-
A recording of the webinar will ing of babbitt the electrical machinery industry since
be made available to all registered bearings 1974. Yung has hands-on winding and
companies for 30 days from the date Chuck Yung mechanical experience with AC and DC
• Speed limitations
of the webinar. Following the webinar, • Care and handling machines, including field service. Yung
participants will also receive a discount • Oil recommendations and consider- is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and
code worth $59 off the purchase of the ations currently chairs the IEEE 1068 Standard
permanent recording by download or • Solutions and common causes of oil for the Repair and Rewinding of Electric
CD-ROM. The regular member price leaks Motors for the Petroleum, Chemical and
for the webinar recording download Process Industries. Yung joined the staff
Target Audience
is $89, or $109 for the CD-ROM. For of EASA in 1998 and has authored more
This webinar will benefit supervisors,
nonmembers, the download is $199 and than 130 technical articles and papers.
managers, sales personnel, machinists
$219 for the CD-ROM.
and mechanics.
(Please print or type.) Please register me for the October 18 “Babbitt Bearings” webinar. The registration fee is per company - not per attendee.
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Version0817MLP-27C
Register for EASA’s Valuable Seminar!
Principles Of Medium
& Large AC Motors
Indianapolis, Indiana • September 15-16
Course Content Seminar Leader Registration Fees
This seminar and its manual had a The seminar leader is Technical Sup-
major update in 2015 and builds upon the port Specialist Mike Howell. He joined the
$489
previous edition that has been highly rated EASA staff in 2012 after working with rotat- ($529 after Discount Deadline)*
by attendees. ing electrical machines for more than 15 *Nonmember price is $589
While the course covers horizontal years. His experience includes redesigns, ($629 after Discount Deadline)
and vertical squirrel-cage induction insulation system development, acceler-
motors in the 300 to 5,000 horsepower ated life testing, failure analysis and
range, low and medium voltage, most diagnostic testing. Howell has presented Class Hours
of the principles covered apply to other seminars and short courses on stator Friday-8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
sizes as well. This seminar focuses winding design for EPRI and others. Saturday-8:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.
primarily on NEMA motors. He is a member of IEEE and is certi-
fied by ASQ as a Six Sigma Black Belt and
Seminar Highlights Location
Motor theory Quality Engineer.
Applications Cancellation Policy Hilton Garden Inn
Safety considerations Refunds for cancellations will be 8910 Hatfield Dr.
Root cause failure analysis made only if requested from EASA Indianapolis, IN 46241
Test and inspection procedures Headquarters no later than 60 days after
Starting methods and connections the close of the seminar. Charges for Reservations: 317-856-9100
Accessories seminar cancellations will be made on (Identify yourself with EASA)
Stator construction & design the following basis: Rate: $119
Rotor construction & design
Bearing types and lubrication systems Notice Before Service
Seminar Charge
Shaft construction Discount Deadline
Motor geometry and alignment Greater Than Three Weeks......... No Charge
Vibration & noise Three Weeks to One Week......... 30 Percent
August 24, 2017
Cleaning/reconditioning/storage Less Than One Week.................. 50 Percent
(Please print or type.) *Use separate sheet for additional registrations. You may choose to register online at www.easa.com.
Please register me for the September 15-16, 2017 Principles Of Medium & Large AC Motors seminar in Indianapolis, IN.
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EASA • 1331 Baur Blvd. • St. Louis, MO 63132-1986 • 314-993-2220 • Fax 314-993-1269 • www.easa.com
Version0817MLP_27C
Order Your Copy
On USB Flash Drive from the 2017 EASA Convention in Tampa, Florida
Besides convention papers and handouts, this
year’s Select Presentations USB flash drive will The USB Flash Drive has been mailed free of
include audio recordings of most sessions with
synchronized slide presentations where charge to Full Business registrants who attended
applicable. the 2017 EASA Convention in Tampa.
Order copies for yourself and your employees.
Sessions included are:
Those not eligible for a free copy
Technical Presentations
• Using Variable-Speed Drives to Improve Pump may purchase the USB flash
System Efficiency* – Gene Vogel drive using this form.
• AC Motor Basics – Mike Howell
• Pump Mechanical Seals* – Gene Vogel
• Isolation Test Bed Design and Construction* – • Why Management Has to be Different in Today’s Times
Gene Vogel – Tonya Thompson
• Little Things That Make a Big Difference in a Service Center* – • The Industrial Internet of Things – What Does It Mean to You?
Chuck Yung – Chris Wiseman
• Requirements to Service Hazardous Location Motors* – Jim Bryan • Regulatory Changes and Top Safety Issues – Tom Barnes
• Emerging Technologies in the Motor Industry* – Tom Bishop, P.E. • Industry Research: EASA Service Center Trends and Future
• Is It the Drive or the Motor?* – Craig Hartman – Michael Marks and Jerry Peerbolte
• How and Why to Avoid Using Counterfeit Bearings* • Economic Trends 2017 and Beyond – Brian Beaulieu
– Antun Peakovic
• Induction Motor Rotor Windings* – Mike Howell Sales/Marketing Presentations
• Field Service Work, Techniques and Cautions* – Chuck Yung • Sell First; Negotiate Second – Mark Hunter
• Basic Drive Parameters and How They Affect the Motor/Drive • High-Profit Prospecting: Breakthrough Results Require Break-
Combination* – Craig Hartman through Strategies (Parts 1 & 2) – Mark Hunter
• Sales Compensation Strategies – Michael Marks
Management Presentations • What is the Right Sales Force Structure for Your Company?
• Employee Benefits Options: Be Creative – Tonya Thompson – Michael Marks
• European Trends, Repair Industry Development
– Frederic Beghain, Johan De Coster, David Griffin, Mathis * Includes technical paper
Menzel
Please send ____ copies of “Select Presentations” on USB Flash Drive at $119 (U.S.). Nonmember rate is $357.
Company_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Ordered By _______________________________________________Title_________________________________________________________
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* Prices effective 7/1/17 and include taxes and shipping in the U.S. only. Missouri residents add 8.613% sales tax. Note: Orders received without payment are subject to a $2.00 service charge. Items sold off the North American
continent (including Hawaii and Puerto Rico) are sold F.O.B. St. Louis, with air shipping charge, plus insurance charge (if required) added to the invoice. Such purchasers agree to pay air freight, plus insurance charge (if required),
duties and applicable taxes, which will be invoiced later. Payable in U.S. funds only. No refunds or exchanges after 90 days. All items and prices subject to change without prior notice. Check EASA’s website (www.easa.com) for
current pricing and availability. If paying by bank wire, add $25 to total (or you will be invoiced for such).
EASA • 1331 Baur Blvd. • St. Louis, MO 63132-1986 • 314-993-2220 • Fax: 314-993-1269 • www.easa.com
Version0817MLP_27C
Root Cause Failure Analysis
Valuable Resource Manual Available In Printed and CD-ROM Versions
The instructional/resource manual used in EASA’s highly-acclaimed “Root Cause Failure
Analysis” seminar is available for purchase in printed and CD-ROM versions.
Every EASA service center should have a copy available for quick reference.
Others who will want a copy include anyone interested in understanding motor failures
and those who want to serve customers by addressing the cause of failure rather than the
symptom. For example, a bearing failure is not the root cause; it is simply the component that
failed. The root cause may be contamination, vibration, lack of lubrication, etc.
The publication was developed to help electric motor technicians and engineers pre-
vent repeated failures by determining the root cause of the problem.
With more than 270 pages, the book provides extensive information, including photos
of a wide range of failures, the likely causes listed, and a clear methodology for confirm-
ing the probable cause of each failure.
Note: The printed manual is in black-and-white, while the CD version shows most
of the failure photos in color. If you must choose between one or the other, we encourage
you to purchase the CD and then print pages as necessary.
Member Nonmember
Quantity
Price Price
Printed Manual/ Each $391.00 $1,173.00 _____________
CD-ROM Combo 4-9 (price each) $334.00 $1,002.00 _____________
10+ (price each) $309.00 $927.00 _____________
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Website ________________________________Co. Email_____________________________ Your Email___________________________________
* Prices effective 7/1/17 and include taxes and shipping in the U.S. only. Missouri residents add 8.613% sales tax. Note: Orders received without payment are subject to a $2.00 service charge. Items sold off the
North American continent (including Hawaii and Puerto Rico) are sold F.O.B. St. Louis, with air shipping charge, plus insurance charge (if required) added to the invoice. Such purchasers agree to pay air freight,
plus insurance charge (if required), duties and applicable taxes, which will be invoiced later. Payable in U.S. funds only. No refunds or exchanges after 90 days. All items and prices subject to change without prior
notice. Check EASA’s website (www.easa.com) for current pricing and availability. If paying by bank wire, add $25 to total (or you will be invoiced for such).